Characteristics and trends of Wenzhou private economy development
1, the characteristics of Wenzhou's private economy development
In the development process of more than 20 years of reform and opening up, Wenzhou's private economy has formed a distinctive feature of "five combinations":
First, it is combined with the cultivation and construction of the market. Wenzhou's economy is based on "market". No small market itself is founded by private enterprises. The operators of the market are mainly private enterprises, and there are thousands of private production enterprises behind each market. As early as the beginning of reform and opening up, when developing family industry, Wenzhou has already formed ten famous professional markets in China. At that time, there were 654.38 million farmers buying and selling products for family businesses, pushing Wenzhou's goods to all parts of the country. After more than 20 years of development, a complete marketing system has been formed, which combines professional market with market network, local market with foreign market, and tangible market with intangible market.
The second is combined with the large inflow and outflow of labor. Wenzhou economy is a regional economy with "two ends in the outside" and "big entry and big exit". At the beginning of the reform, Wenzhou's sales team of 654.38 million+set up a bridge between Wenzhou products and the local market. At present, there are more than 6.5438+0.6 million Wenzhou people engaged in marketing activities all over the country, more than 6.5438+0.0 million in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and more than 300,000 in the world. Almost all Wenzhou people do business at or above the county level. Wenzhou market network has many "nodes", wide coverage, fast operation, keen tentacles, low cost and very strong competitiveness. The vigorous development of private economy has created a large number of jobs, which has enabled Wenzhou to better solve the problems of labor employment and laid-off re-employment.
The third is to combine with the development of "block economy". Wenzhou economy is a typical regional scale economy, which is market-oriented, connecting scattered small enterprises through social division of labor and professional cooperation to form a block economy. At present, Liu's electrical appliances, bridgehead buttons, Yongzhong valves, Tangxia auto parts, urban clothing, lighters, lamps, shoe leather and other products have formed a considerable production and sales base, forming a massive economy. This regional scale economy makes Wenzhou private enterprises have only "small" vitality, while forming "big" strength, and their products have strong market adaptability and competitiveness.
Fourth, it is combined with the development of small towns in Wenzhou. The development of Wenzhou's private economy and professional market has promoted the rise of Wenzhou's rural small towns. 1978, Wenzhou had only 18 towns, and now it has grown to more than 140. From 65438 to 0984, farmers in Cangnan County built Longgang Town, the first farmer city in China, on the basis of several fishing villages in Aojiangkou, which was praised as a great miracle of reform and opening up. Longgang, Liushi, Yongzhong and other economically strong towns stand out. These towns' economic aggregates have developed rapidly, with high openness and great development potential, forming a new development trend of enterprise shareholding system, production specialization, construction standardization and population urbanization. At present, the urban population accounts for more than 60% of the city, the total industrial output value and the total retail sales of social consumer goods account for more than 80% of the city, and the fiscal revenue accounts for more than 50% of the city.
Fifth, it is combined with the unique historical and cultural background of Wenzhou. Historically, Wenzhou has been a place with concentrated business since the Southern Song Dynasty, and has a long tradition of doing business. Wenzhou businessmen have unique qualities due to the influence of regional culture, which is a unique regional commercial culture different from the traditional Confucian culture. Wenzhou has a large number of immigrants since ancient times and has the genes of immigrant culture. The unique historical and cultural background has created Wenzhou people who dare to start businesses and become a unique advantage of economic development. Wenzhou people have "independent consciousness, entrepreneurial spirit, innovative thinking, load-bearing character, risk concept and business ability", which is especially suitable for market economy. The reform and opening-up policy has provided a big stage for Wenzhou people to display their intelligence. Wenzhou culture and Wenzhou spirit have promoted the vigorous development of private economy.
2. The new trend of Wenzhou private economy development.
In recent years, changes in the macro-environment have posed new challenges to Wenzhou's economy. Facing the new challenges, Wenzhou's private entrepreneurs actively explore, and the private economy has a new development trend:
The first is a breakthrough in the system. The foundation and starting point of the development of Wenzhou private enterprises is family system, but after the enterprises become bigger, this organizational system begins to show defects, which is not conducive to the development of enterprises. It is difficult for private enterprises to meet the development needs only by their own rolling development. If enterprises want to get out of Wenzhou and realize leap-forward development, it is the only way to establish a modern enterprise system. Many private entrepreneurs have clearly put forward the innovation of enterprise system, and a number of enterprises such as Zheng Tai Group and Delixi Group have actively explored this aspect and achieved remarkable results.
The second is organizational breakthrough. Attaching importance to the construction of party organizations is another highlight of Wenzhou private enterprises, and the activities of party organizations in Li Shen, Tianzheng and other enterprise groups are very distinctive. Wenzhou private entrepreneurs believe that the vigorous and stable development of enterprises is largely due to the important role played by party branches in enterprises. As Zheng Shengtao, chairman of Li Shen Group, said: The establishment of the Party branch is for the establishment of corporate integrity; Second, party member's exemplary role has enhanced the team spirit of enterprises. The greatest wealth brought by the Party branch is "stabilizing the team" and enhancing the cohesion of the enterprise, which is invaluable.
The third is market breakthrough. "Where there are Wenzhou people, there should be a market". Why does the market especially love Wenzhou people? This undoubtedly benefits from the brand effect of Wenzhou products and the increasingly developed marketing methods. At present, there are seven well-known trademarks of China in Wenzhou, which shows that Wenzhou entrepreneurs attach importance to brand creation. Brand effect is Wenzhou's unique industrial advantage. In the increasingly fierce market competition, the choice of marketing means becomes more and more important. Millions of buyers and sellers are located in professional markets all over the country, which used to be the pride of Wenzhou enterprises. With the advent of the Internet era, online sales have become one of the main channels for Wenzhou enterprises, and have once again reached the forefront of the market.
Enlightenment of "Wenzhou Model"
Wenzhou's experience in developing private economy gives us the following enlightenment:
1. Clarify the guiding ideology and strategically position the development of private economy. The development of Wenzhou's private economy revolves around the overall goal of building a modern new Wenzhou, and in accordance with the requirements of three strategic priorities: improving the level of industrial modernization, accelerating urbanization and vigorously promoting human modernization, it has shifted from relying mainly on quantity expansion in the past to paying equal attention to quantity and quality, paying more attention to quality improvement, gradually realizing innovation in technology, system and management, constantly creating new first-Mover advantages, and truly positioning the development of private economy strategically. Wenzhou's experience shows that the private economy should pay more attention to the improvement of quality while expanding in quantity; Without the full development of the non-public economy, it is difficult for the economy to achieve leap-forward development. Private economy will surely become an important force to promote a new round of economic development. It is particularly important for us to re-understand the strategic significance of developing private economy.
2. Further optimize the development environment of private economy. Wenzhou implements "equality in enterprise registration, taxation, fees, loans, market access and services" for enterprises of all ownership, and guides all ownership economies to enter an orderly and equal competitive environment. Private enterprises in our city also have the problems of difficulty in lending and handling affairs, and the experience of Wenzhou provides us with useful reference. We must resolutely implement the policy of the provincial party Committee on political equality, policy fairness, legal protection and free development of the private economy, create a social atmosphere and market environment for the great development of the private economy, and promote the accelerated development of the private economy in our city.
3. Guide the institutional innovation of private enterprises and improve the degree of organization of private enterprises. The family management mode of Wenzhou private enterprises gradually implements scientific management by guiding and setting an example; For qualified enterprises, encourage them to move towards joint stock limited companies and limited liability companies, and gradually establish a modern enterprise system. Wenzhou's experience proves that the healthy and sustainable development of private economy can not be separated from its emphasis on establishing a modern enterprise system and establishing a sound corporate governance structure. From the reality of Zhongshan, some private enterprises that were once famous all over the country were defeated later, mainly because they did not establish a reasonable and effective management system. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the institutional innovation of private enterprises, constantly improve the degree of organization of private enterprises, and ensure the healthy development of private economy.
4. Focus on improving quality of enterprise and enhancing its market competitiveness. Drawing on Wenzhou's experience, we should take the following measures:
First, actively guide enterprises to promote scientific and technological progress, develop superior products, and improve the scientific and technological content of products. It is necessary to set up an innovation fund for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, establish an enterprise technology innovation center, explore an effective mechanism for combining economy with science and technology, start with the "handshake" and development and implementation of advanced and applicable technologies and high-tech and labor-intensive industries, and integrate project selection, technology shareholding, capital investment and share transfer to explore a way to promote technological innovation.
Second, pay attention to brand effect and support traditional advantageous industries. Learn from Wenzhou, strive to change the mode of economic growth, guide enterprises to implement specialized division of labor and cooperation according to the requirements of socialized mass production, promote traditional industrial clusters, concentrate capital, build brands, and accelerate the formation of a number of large enterprises and groups with certain visibility and competitiveness.
The third is to speed up the construction of high-quality entrepreneurs. Attach importance to the training of professional managers of science and technology, send a group of on-the-job managers to study and train abroad, promote the establishment of professional managers' market, and provide intermediary services for enterprises and professional managers.