The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom created many special cases in the history of China, such as organizing forces in the name of western religions, or the "China Peasant Uprising" officially recognized by China, which was "suppressed for the first time by Chinese and foreign forces". After shaving and changing clothes in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Army was also called a long-haired thief because it refused this custom.
Directory [hidden]
The establishment, development and extinction of 1
The establishment and development of 1. 1
1.2 Tianjing incident
Late 1.3
2 political program
3 Economic system
3. 1 raw database system
3.2 Agricultural land system in China
4 former prince's watch
Five important kings in the later period
6 chronology of major events
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Creation, development and extinction
[edit]
Creation and development
In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan and Hong Rengan launched an activity of offering sacrifices to the gods in Hua County, Guangdong Province. They learned some Christian meanings from Advice to the World and later baptized themselves. The following spring, he went to Guangxi to preach and actively publicize and organize farmers. From 65438 to 0844, Feng Yunshan preached in Guangxi with Hong Xiuquan. In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1847), Hong Xiuquan went to Guangzhou to study the Bible with American missionaries. In July, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan formulated the "Ten Doctrines".
/kloc-in the spring of 0/848, Feng Yunshan, one of the deities, was imprisoned by the Qing government, and Hong Xiuquan went to Guangzhou for rescue.
1849, Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan, Yang, Xiao Chaogui, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai became half-brothers. 1in July, 850, Hong Xiuquan issued a general mobilization order, and the congregation immediately went to Jintian regiment camp to recruit troops, reaching 20,000. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Taiping Army successfully ambushed the Qing army at Jiangmu Bridge in Rongcun. In February 65438, a worship ceremony was held at the Webster's Grand Ancestral Hall in Jintian Village, and the country was declared the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
185 1 year 1 month1day. On Hong Xiuquan's birthday, he went to worship the congregation in Jintian Village, known as jintian uprising in history. Hong Xiuquan called the Heavenly King and built the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Yang was named Zheng, Xiao Chaogui was named Zheng, Feng Yunshan was named Deputy Leader and Wei Changhui was named Deputy Defender. In the autumn of the same year, the Taiping Army occupied Yong 'an, Guangxi. 65438+ In February, five kings of East, West, South, North and Wing were awarded Yong 'an, and the other four kings were under East Wang Yang. Feng Yunshan, king of the South, formulated the official system, the ritual system and the military system in the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and created a unique calendar, which was used in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and implemented the public property system.
1In April of 852, Taiping Army broke through Yong 'an and left Guangxi for Hunan. When the Taiping Army crossed Quanzhou in May, Feng Yunshan was hit by the artillery fire of the Qing army and died of serious injuries in June. In September, Xiao Chaogui died while attacking Changsha. The Taiping Army failed to attack Changsha for nearly three months and retreated northward.
1853, 65438+ 10, the Taiping Army captured Wuchang, and the number increased to 500,000. In March, it captured Nanjing, renamed Tianjing and established its capital here, and then launched the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition. Although the Northern Expeditionary Army once entered the vicinity of Tianjin, it was completely annihilated on 1855 because it fought alone. The Western Expedition Army progressed smoothly, and Anqing, Jiujiang and Wuchang were captured one after another. 1854, the western expedition army was defeated in Hunan, and the Qing army counterattacked near Jiujiang. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/855, Shi Dakai, the wing king, defeated the Xiang army and recovered Wuchang.
In the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, military and political affairs were handled by military advisers, and Hong Xiuquan retired behind the scenes, ignoring state affairs, and the power fell into the hands of East Wang Yang.
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Tianjing incident
(Related items: Tianjing incident)
1June, 856, the Taiping Army broke through the prosperous Jiangnan camp of the Qing army and solved the three-year siege of Tianjing. Xiang Rong died on August 9, and his death soon spread to Tianjin. Seeing that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in a good situation at that time, Yang, the king of the East, had other plans, pretending to be the "heavenly father" and forcing the heavenly king to seal the seal. Wei Changhui, the northern king, asked the heavenly king to kill the eastern king, but the eastern king refused. Later, Chen told Tianwang that the East King tried to kill the king and usurp the throne. The heavenly king secretly ordered the North King, the Wing King and the Yan King Qin Rigang to eradicate the East King. Wei Changhui arrived in Tianjing on September 1, and entered the city with Qin Rigang at night. On the morning of the second day, he raided Dongdong and the Yang family was killed. More than 20,000 people, including the soldiers and civilians of the East King's subordinates and their families, were also killed, which is known as the Tianjing incident in history. When Shi Dakai, the wing king, arrived in Tianjing, he blamed Wei Changhui for killing innocent people. The two broke up in discord. That night, Shi Dakai fled the city, and Wei Changhui later killed these families in Yong 'an Wang Fu. Shi Dakai rose from Anqing to denounce Wei Changhui, while most Taiping rebels outside Tianjing supported Shi Dakai. Hong Xiuquan executed Wei Changhui on 165438+ year1October 2, and soon executed Qin Rigang and Chen.
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later stage
1856 65438+ In February, Taiping Army withdrew from Wuchang.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/857, Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng defeated the Qin Ding Third Division of the Qing army and went north to meet the Nian Army in Lu 'an and Huoqiu.
After the Tianjing Incident, Hong Xiuquan began to guard against Shi Dakai and appointed the Hong brothers to contain him. Shi Dakai is getting more and more uneasy. He went from Tianjin to Anqing, and then from Anqing, leaving the orders of the heavenly king. There were 200,000 Taiping troops following him, which seriously weakened the power of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1858, Shi Dakai went to Fujian via Zhejiang, 1859, divided into Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi.
1In May, 858, Jiujiang fell and Xiang troops entered Anqing. 165438 10. In October, the Taiping Army won the Three Rivers Campaign and the Xiang Army withdrew from Anqing.
1860, after Li Xiucheng breached the Jiangnan camp of the Qing army, he captured many places in southern Jiangsu. 1In September, 860, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom deployed the second Western Expedition, with Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng as the two main forces in the north and south of the Yangtze River, with the aim of attacking the rear of the Qing army to rescue Anqing. Chen Yucheng of Hokuriku was afraid to attack Wuhan because of the intervention of British officials. Li Xiucheng, Lu Nan, entered southeastern Hubei in the first half of 186 1 and recruited 300,000 people nearby. After learning that the Taiping rebels in other places were defeated, they gave up attacking three towns in Wuhan and moved eastward to capture most of Zhejiang. Shi Dakai led hundreds of thousands of people across Xiangxi in the north and into East Sichuan. Peng Dashun, Zhu Yidian, Ji Qingyuan and others will break with them and return to China.
186 1 Anqing fell in September.
1862 65438+ 10 Li Xiucheng led an army to attack Shanghai. Under the joint resistance of the Qing army and foreigners, the Taiping Army failed to occupy Shanghai after a long attack. In May of the first year of Tongzhi (1June 862), Hong Xiuquan ordered him to return to Tianjing and join forces with 200,000 troops. Fighting with Xiang army for more than 40 days, unable to retreat. Chen Yucheng was killed by the Qing army in June. In February 65438, Li Xiucheng was ordered to cross the Yangtze River northward. Li Hongzhang attacked southern Jiangsu and left Zhejiang. 1863 Suzhou fell in February.
Shi Dakai captured Zunyi, Guizhou in 1863. When Shi Dakai was in southern Sichuan, he tried many times to cross the Yangtze River north, but was stopped by the Qing army. In May, I arrived at Dadu River, and the local toast Wang Yingyuan tore down the bridge and stopped the river. Coupled with the skyrocketing river, the Qing army blocked the approach and retreat of the Taiping Army. Shi Dakai's troops were stranded in Jida, trapped for more than 20 days, running out of food and losing more than half of their troops. /kloc-in June of 0/3, Shi Dakai asked Luo, commander-in-chief of the Qing army, to surrender in order to save the whole army. The Qing army pretended to agree and sent him to Chengdu, where he was executed by Ling Chi on June 25th. Among the soldiers in Shi Dakai, the old, the weak and the new were all dismissed, and the remaining 2,000 were soon killed.
1In June 864, Hong Xiuquan died and the young king succeeded him. In July, Tianjing fell, and Li Xiucheng led the young king to break through. Captured in the chaos, he was killed by Zeng Guofan on August 7 after tens of thousands of people confessed. The young heavenly king was captured in Jiangxi in June 5438+10 and executed in June 65438+10.
The remnants of the Taiping Army south of the Yangtze River were destroyed at the beginning of 1866, and the Lai Department of the Taiping Army in Jiangbei was co-edited with the Nian Army and continued to fight with the Qing Army until 1868. The last Nian Army that used the title of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was wiped out in 1869.
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political program
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Imperial Seal Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was a large-scale peasant uprising in modern China. At the time of its vastest territory, it occupied half of China. Therefore, it has the remarkable characteristics of that era. On the other hand, Hong Xiuquan borrowed Christianity, a new religion introduced from western religions at that time, which also made ordinary people feel fresh. This may be related to the people's desire for change at that time.
The theoretical program of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is included in several books, such as Song of Saving the World by the Original Way, Training of Awakening the World by the Original Way and Training of Awakening the World by the Original Way. However, surprisingly, although Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Heavenly Kingdom claimed to combine Western Christianity, China Confucianism and peasant egalitarianism, it actually knew nothing about Christians. In fact, all his thoughts originated from Liang Fa, a missionary from China at that time, and his advice to the world. Later, some foreign missionaries learned about it and tried to tell him the truth of the Bible, but Hong Xiuquan denounced it as heresy. Hong Xiuquan's non-Christian and non-Confucian "Trinity" thought was very attractive to the people in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society at that time.
China Land System is the revolutionary program of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to solve the distribution of means of production and products, which embodies the strong desire of the peasant class to abolish the old feudal land ownership.
Senior Minister's New Chapter is the first political program in China with the will to develop capitalism put forward by the late King Hong Rengan. However, due to the harsh surrounding environment objectively, the subjective disregard for the peasant class did not play the expected role.
Another view holds that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has essential defects and rational retrogression under the appearance of progress. Politically, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is a combination of theocracy and kingship. The DPRK is not only strict in class, but also does whatever the king wants to officials, even exceeding the imperial court under the constraint of Confucianism. Culturally, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom completely overthrew the inherent traditional culture and hated traditional intellectuals. After Hong Xiuquan and Wang Dingdu arrived in Tianjing, their lives were corrupt, the political discipline of the imperial court was disordered, and the Holy Spirit was randomly sealed. Institutionally speaking, the programs such as "Heaven's Mind" and "Senior Minister's Essays" are just on paper, and they have never been seriously implemented, and no results have been achieved. As for the so-called "opening imperial examinations to women" and other progressive policies, most of them only exist in the legends of unofficial history.
This regime is very critical in history, and its "advanced nature" has not been recognized by all historians; In Chinese mainland's history textbooks, the Kingdom of Tian Ping is still regarded as an "anti-imperialist and anti-feudal" peasant movement, which is quite revolutionary. However, the broader view is that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is another cruel regime based on oppressing human nature, and it is more inclined to a peasant violent regime. Hong Xiuquan himself is not considered to understand Christian teachings. All his policies have not been successfully implemented. In the article "The Totalitarian Rule of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", Guo Tingyi thinks: "The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is a low-level superstition and an absolute violent group. The rule of theocracy, totalitarianism and ignorance is only to satisfy their infinite desires, regardless of the welfare of the public, resulting in bones and thorns everywhere, and the loss of life is at least 20 million to 50 million." It is worth noting that in recent years, mainland historians have also re-evaluated the Kingdom of Tian Ping and Hong Xiuquan.
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economic system
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Sound bank system
The financial system is the first economic system founded by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. This system came into being with jintian uprising and Taiping Army, until the Taiping Revolution failed, and the sacred library system disappeared. When the Taiping Army was founded, the "Three Stores" system played an important and positive role in ensuring the contribution of the troops, attracting poor peasants to participate in the revolution, and ensuring military discipline. After the capital Tianjing, Hong Yang and others brought the economic life of urban people into the supply scope of the holy library. Moreover, it was once required to apply the principle of "selfless wealth" to the people, which was too much and violated the objective laws of social and economic development. This is obviously wrong and infeasible, and its negative effects are gradually exposed.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom organized military forces in both urban and rural areas. The local government has one military commander for every13,000 in-laws cadres, and is in charge of Shi Shuai, Shi Shuai and Zhang Chang. The leader of the most basic organizational unit is called the Second Sima. According to the regulations, there is no sacred library from all armies to Ersima. In "China", there is a "general holy library" to take charge of property. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Tianjingqi, the capital of Tianjingqi, set up a "general holy treasury" and a "general holy grain" in its central organization, each with four official assistants, and "the posts are the same as those of procurators". Team equipment coding officer. Let it go.
The data sources of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Scripture Library include the following five aspects: first, at the beginning of the uprising, he was holding the silver grain and clothes given to the holy treasury by all the people of God; The second is to defeat the Qing army or conquer the spoils captured by towns; Third, the contribution of urban and rural people in various places and the property obtained by sending large donations to the rich and pioneers; Fourth, the income of "Parker", local tax and industrial and commercial tax; The fifth is the raw product of white drake. The hundred-style yamen and craftsman camp located in Tianjin City are one of the important sources of information in the holy library.
The sacred storehouse supply system based on the principle of selfless wealth played an important and positive role in the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution. First of all, it attracted poor peasants to take part in the uprising. Secondly, the "Three Stores" system ensured the supply of Taiping Army and inspired the fighting spirit of Taiping Army. Military families are in Tianjing, and there is a holy library to solve life problems. Therefore, they have no worries and can concentrate on "killing demons and taking cities" and fighting for the great cause of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Third, all the seized items were handed over to the holy library, which ensured the Taiping Army's good discipline and harmonious military-civilian relations. The fine discipline of Taiping Army was famous in the peasant uprising, especially in Qianlang. Fourthly, in Tianjing, a city surrounded by the Qing army for a long time, it is of special significance to implement the supply system of the holy library. The storage system has played a great role in defending Tianjing, Zhenjiang and other military towns, sharing weal and woe between the army and the people, and stabilizing the people's hearts.
From the stage of historical development, when private ownership is still in the ascendant, any egalitarian thought and system that wants to change this objective trend can only be a beautiful and naive fantasy of the exploited. If it is required to be implemented in practice for a long time, it will undoubtedly regress to obstacles and destruction. Judging from people's ideology, the concept of private ownership for thousands of years can never be changed because of the preaching that the possession of gold and silver is forbidden in Taiping rules and regulations, the imperial edict of the king of heaven and the imperial edict of the king of the east require that "public interest is above everything else" Although farmers have a strong anti-feudal revolution, because they are farmers, they have strong private ideas and desire to get rich. They are dissatisfied with the egalitarian supply system. Therefore, the implementation of the sacred library system is facing more and more subjective and objective difficulties. It should carry out reasonable reforms with the development of the situation, and transform the payment system in the early days of the uprising into a relatively perfect financial system to meet the new needs. However, there is no material to prove that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made major changes to this, but let it evolve on its own and was finally destroyed and deteriorated.
First of all, the feudal privilege thought and material enjoyment of the leadership order of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were excessive. After Hong Xiuquan made his capital in Tianjing, he claimed to be the Lord of all nations in the world, and Tianjing was called "Little Paradise". The grand palace is extremely magnificent. Although there is a sacred treasury dedicated to dealing with property, there are no restrictions on kings and senior officials, which is undoubtedly a violation of the principle of the treasury system. This shows that in the top leadership of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, feudal hedonism is so strong. In Wei Changhui's eyes, the sacred library also has the principle of equality and public library, which is just the private wealth of feudal emperors and the internal library controlled at will! Although Hong and Yang verbally talked about the truth of "saving money and loving the people", after entering big cities, the extravagant wind of enjoying, ostentation and extravagance and wasting public property grew like a plague.
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Celestial field system
The basic content of the "celestial system" can be summarized as the following aspects, in which the land system is fundamental, the foundation on which various systems exist, and the essence of the "celestial system":
About the land system. The core and essence of Tianmu system in China, as pointed out in the title of this book, is the founder of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, that is, the land system of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. There are two contents here: one is the grading standard of land quality; The second is the principles and methods of land distribution. The celestial eye system divides the fields in the world into three categories and nine grades according to their output.
On the distribution system of means of subsistence.
On rural social organization system. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reorganized rural social organizations according to the establishment of Taiping Army, namely, army, division, brigade, pawn and second Sima.
On the reward system of officials at all levels. Officials at all levels in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom can be divided into three types: DPRK officials, military officials and local village officials. It is stipulated to be promoted once a year and once every three years.
About education and the judicial system. Education in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is carried out in the form of religion, and every twenty-five households have a chapel, which also doubles as a school. In the judicial aspect, the "celestial eye system" stipulates that each army has two "criminal law" officers, one is the chief officer and the other is the deputy officer, and Shi Shuai and Lu Shuai are concurrently appointed. However, where there are civil and criminal proceedings among the people, it will be adjusted by the Second Sima at first. If it can't be solved, it must be reviewed step by step.
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Early prince's watch
Early stage of seven kings' table
Knight title attack knight title
He Nai, the fifth son of the East King Yang, is the heir of the protagonist in The Salvation of the Master. At the age of nine, he was called the Young East King.
I don't know where I am after the fall of Tianjing.
You Bihe, the eldest son of Xiao Chaogui, the king of the West, is called Xiao Youhe, the young king of the West, who is eight thousand years old.
Tianjing broke through after the fall and died in Hushu Town.
Fu You, the second son of Feng Yunshan, the chief deputy strategist, inherited the young Nanwang at the age of 7000.
Tianjing broke through after the fall and died in Hushu Town.
Wei Changhui, the defender and deputy strategist of Beiwang, was punished for his crime and dismissed from his post.
Zuo Jun's main wing king Starkey.
Qin Rigang, the prince of Yan, just punished him for his crime and abolished his position.
Hu Wansheng, the son of Yu Wang, attacked Jue and was called Qiang Chitose.
Former marquis table
Comments on the title of knight
Qin Rigang was crowned the Prince of Yan in 1854.
Jing Hu Hou Lin Feng Xiang sought audience with the King.
Dinghu Hou Li Fang Kai pursued the invitation of the king.
Hou Ji of Pinghu wrote to wish the king.
Zhu's deeds in the later period of Hu suppression are unknown, and he may have died in the Northern Expedition.
Hu Houhuang was burned to death in 1853 military camp.
Defending the country, Hu Yihuang 1854 Letter to Yu Wang.
Xingguo Hou Chen later changed to Zuo Tianhou.
Huang Yukun, the Hou of Wei, was later changed to Wei Tianhou.
Relatives of Lu Xianba and Zhen Guoyong Yang, whose later deeds are unknown.
Tian was renamed and killed by Wei Changhui in Tianjing Incident.
Praise Tian Hou Meng De En 1859 Feng.
Tian Xiang Daqiyang's nephew.
Tian Xiang Houhuang Banner rises.
Brother-in-law of Kuang Tianhou and Huang Heyang
Liu was killed by Wei Changhui in Tianjing Incident.
Yi Tian Hou Ji became the Minister of the East Palace and was killed by Wei Changhui in the Tianjing Incident.
Fu Xuexian, Minister of the East Hall, was killed by Wei Changhui in Tianjing Incident.
Wei Tianhou once made money.
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An important king in the later period
Hong Rengan, Wang Gan
King Chen Yucheng.
Li Xiucheng, Zhong Wang
Chen Decai, help the king.
Qi Wangliang became rich.
Wang Zunlai Wenguang
Wang Hu Lan Chengchun
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Chronology of major events
1843
In July, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan, Hong Rengan and others will worship God, calling themselves the son of God, calling God the father and Jesus the brother.
1844
In April, Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan and others left their hometown to preach.
In May, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan went to Guixian, Guangxi to preach, then Feng Yunshan moved to Amethyst Mountain, and Hong Xiuquan returned to Guangdong.
1847
In March, Hong Xiuquan and Hong Rengan went to Guangzhou to study with American pastor Luo Xiaoquan and read the Bible for the first time. Later, Hong Xiuquan asked for baptism, but Luo Xiaoquan refused.
In August, Hong Xiuquan returned to Zijingshan, Guangxi, and developed a pilgrimage meeting with Feng Yunshan.
1848
In March, I pretended to be "Father" Yang for the first time.
On June+10 in 5438, Xiao Chaogui pretended to be "Brother Tian" for the first time.
185 1 year
On June+10, 5438, Zoroastrianism revolted in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi, and its founding name was "Taiping Tian Kun", which was later changed to "the first year of Taiping Tian Kun".
In March, Hong Xiuquan was called the "King of Heaven".
In September, the Taiping Army captured Yongan.
In February 65438, the basic system of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in Yong 'an, which was called "Yong 'an organizational system".
1852
In April, Taiping Army broke through Yong 'an and entered Guilin.
In June, Feng Yunshan, King of the South, died of his injuries.
In September, the Taiping Army attacked Changsha, and Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West, died.
1853
In June 5438+10, the Taiping Army captured Wuhan, and the governor of Hubei often died. The Taiping Army increased to 500,000. Zeng Guofan was in charge of Yingyong, Hunan, that is, Xiang Army.
In February, Anqing was captured and Anhui Governor Jiang committed suicide.
Nanjing was captured in March, and Jiangning General Hou Xiang and Liangjiang Governor Lu Jianying were killed. Nanjing was renamed Tianjing as the capital. The Qing army set up camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei.
In May, the Taiping Army made a Northern Expedition and a Western Expedition.
1854
On June+10 in 5438, the Taiping Army conquered Luzhou, and Anhui Governor Jiang Zhongyuan committed suicide.
Wu, governor of Huguang, died in February.
Xiangtan campaign and Jinggang campaign in April. Zeng Lichang's northern expedition reinforcements were defeated.
In June, the Taiping Army took two grams from Wuchang.
10 June, the Qing army regained Wuchang.
1855
1 June, the wing king Shi Dakai defeated the Xiang army at the mouth of Poyang Lake.
In March, even the town was captured by the Qing army, and Lin Fengxiang, commander-in-chief of the Northern Expeditionary Army, was captured and executed soon.
In April, the Taiping Army took three grams of Wuchang.
In May, the Northern Expeditionary Army was completely annihilated, and Li was captured and executed.
1856
At the beginning of the year, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom moved eastward, captured Yangzhou and broke camp in Jiangbei. Shi Dakai broke the Jiangnan camp; Tianjing is clear.
In September, the Tianjing Incident, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom clashed and the kings killed each other. East Wang Yang, North Wang Wei Changhui and Yan Wang Qin Rigang were killed successively.
1857
In June, Shi Dakai went out with the troops.
1858
Jiujiang fell in May, and the garrison commander Kai Wing Lam died.
In September, Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng broke camp in Jiangbei.
165438+ sanhe town triumphed in October.
1859
In April, Hong Rengan arrived in Tianjin from Hongkong and was appointed king.
Chen Yucheng was king of England, and Li Xiu became king of loyalty.
1860
In April, the Taiping Army broke the Jiangnan camp and approached Shanghai.
Break jiangbei camp in may.
In June, Shanghai established the "Chinese and foreign defense bureau", and American Walter formed the "foreign gun team" to assist the Taiping Army.
186 1 year
In September, Anqing fell and the garrison commander Ye died.
Li Hongzhang is in charge of the Huai army.
In February 65438+, Li Xiucheng captured Hangzhou, and Wang Youling, the magistrate of Hangzhou, committed suicide.
1862
In February, the foreign gun team was changed to a regular team.
Li Xiucheng suffered a crushing defeat in May.
Chen Yucheng was killed by the Qing army in June.
1863
In March of this year, Englishman Gordon took over Chang Shengjun's duct tape.
In June, Shi Dakai surrendered by the Dadu River and was executed.
In February 65438+, Huai Jun and Chang conquered Suzhou.
1864
In June, Hong Xiuquan died of illness, and his son Tianguifu Hong ascended the throne because he was a "young king".
Tianjing fell in July.
Li Xiucheng was executed by the Qing army in August.
On June+10, 65438, Hong Rengan and Young Wang were captured in Jiangxi successively.
1 1 The king of youth was executed.