& gt& gt& gt202 1 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Examination Announcement and Publicity Summary (continuously updated)
Erickson is a representative of the new psychoanalysis school. His theory of personality development stages holds that personality development runs through an individual's life. He divided the process of individual personality development into eight stages, and each stage had a unique development task. If the external environment is conducive to the smooth realization of this development task, personality will develop healthily. On the other hand, will individual experience develop? Crisis? And hinder the healthy development of personality in the later period. In the exam, we also pay attention to the matching of personality development stage and its development task. Especially in the first five stages, which belong to the period of personal growth and education, the examination frequency is relatively high.
1 infancy (0- 18 months or so): basic trust is not trusted.
At this stage, the baby's goal is to build a basic trust in the world around him. When the child cries, parents can coax the child, and the child will have a sense of trust; If parents don't coax children, children will think that parents don't love themselves, which will lead to distrust. Such children will be full of distrust when they grow up, so they will be anxious in the face of new environment. This is a period of psychological conflict between basic trust and distrust, because during this period, children begin to know people. When children are crying or hungry, whether parents appear or not is an important issue to build trust. Trust is formed in character? Hope? This quality, it has played a role in strengthening self. A trusted child dares to hope, is full of ideals and has a strong future orientation. On the other hand, I dare not expect it, and I am always worried that my needs will not be met.
2. Early childhood (18 months -3 years old): shy and skeptical self-awareness.
During this period, the children mastered many skills, such as crawling, walking and talking, and began to? Is there a will? Children are eager for autonomy and try to do something by themselves, such as eating and dressing themselves. Parents must undertake the task of controlling their children's behavior to conform to social norms, that is, to develop good habits; On the other hand, it is not easy for children to feel independent, stick to their own diet and excretion methods, and cultivate good habits. At this time, children will use it repeatedly? Me? 、? we? 、? No? It is necessary to resist external control, and parents must not let it go, which will be detrimental to the socialization of children. At this time, parents should allow their children to explore freely and give them proper care and protection. If parents blindly set strict requirements and restrictions on their children, it will hurt their self-awareness and self-control and make them doubt their abilities.
3. Preschool period (3-6, 7 years old): initiative and guilt.
At this stage, children show strong curiosity and are eager to help others do things. During this period, children's main activities are playing games and like asking questions. Get a sense of self-existence in play and open up your mind in asking questions. In addition, children like to take the initiative to help others, and if they can be encouraged, they will gain a sense of initiative. But if some parents don't let their children do things and explore, they will feel guilty, lack self-worth when they grow up, shrink back and dare not try anything. So adults should be activities that encourage and satisfy children's initiative and creativity.
4. School age (6,7-12 years old): sense of diligence versus sense of inferiority.
At this stage, the child's successful experience helps the child to establish the characteristics of diligence and show his willingness to work and good adaptability in his later life. If children don't develop this sense of diligence, they will feel inferior, which will lead them to lose confidence in their ability to become useful members of society. Children should be encouraged and given more successful experiences.
5. Adolescence (12- 18 years old): the same role is confused with a pair of roles.
Puberty, self-awareness began to grow, eager for independence. I often evaluate myself and think about what kind of person I am, that is, about self-image, ability, belief and personality. Eager to find the answer. If individuals integrate these aspects well in this period and act in line with their roles, then individuals will gain better role recognition. Instead, it will lead to role confusion.
The sixth stage: (18-25 years old) early adulthood.
The personality conflict in this period is intimacy and loneliness.
Objective: To develop intimate relationship and avoid loneliness.
Only young people with a strong sense of self-identity dare to risk intimate relationships with others. Because having a loving relationship with others is to integrate one's identity with that of others. There is self-sacrifice or loss here. Only in this way can we establish a real intimate relationship in love and gain a sense of intimacy, otherwise we will feel lonely.
The seventh stage: 25-65 years old is the middle of adulthood.
Personality Conflict: Feeling of Abundance and Decadence
Objective: To gain a sense of abundance and avoid a sense of stagnation.
When a person successfully passes through the period of self-identity, he will live a happy and fulfilling life in the years to come. He will have children and care about the reproduction and upbringing of future generations. At this stage, the individual's reproductive consciousness not only refers to fertility, but also includes work and interpersonal relationships. He believes that the sense of fertility has two meanings: life and childbirth. Even if a person has no children, as long as he can care and educate his children, he can have a sense of fertility. On the other hand, people who have no fertility awareness have poor personality, are stagnant and self-concerned. They only consider their own needs and interests and don't care about the needs and interests of others (including children). In this period, people not only have to have children, but also undertake social work. This is a period when a person's care and creativity for the next generation are the most vigorous, and people will get the quality of care and creativity.
The eighth stage: after the age of 65, it is the late adulthood.
Personality Conflict: Perfecting Despair
Objective: To get a sense of perfection and avoid despair and depression.
Due to the aging process, the physical, psychological and health conditions of the elderly are getting worse and worse, and they must be adjusted and adapted accordingly, so it is called the psychological conflict between self-adjustment and despair. When old people look back on the past, they may leave this world with emotion, or they may die in despair. Self-adjustment is a feeling of accepting oneself and acknowledging reality; Transcendent sense of wisdom. If a person's self-adjustment is greater than despair, he will gain the quality of wisdom. The attitude of the elderly towards death directly affects the formation of trust of the next generation of children. So the eighth stage and the first stage are connected end to end, forming a cycle or life cycle.
I believe everyone has understood Eriksson's theory of social development. Next, let's do two exercises.
1. Xiao Ming, a multiple choice question, is very naughty. He always secretly takes the electric car apart to explore, which shows that Xiaoming's personality development task is ().
A. Self-consciousness of shyness and doubt
B. Initiative and guilt
C. Diligence and inferiority
D. The same role is confused with a pair of roles
1. Answer B. Analysis: Preschool children like to gain a sense of self-existence through play and explore through questions. At this stage, children's personality development tasks are mainly motivation and guilt. So choose B.
Educational Psychology in the Core Test Center —— Psychological Development and Education of Students —— Socialization Development and Education —— Essentials of Eriksson's Socialization Development Theory
Difficulty coefficient ★★
2. (multiple choice questions) According to Eriksson's theory of psychological and social development, adolescence is characterized by ().
A. Identity and prevention of identity confusion
B gain a sense of diligence and overcome inferiority complex.
Get intimate to avoid loneliness
Get a sense of initiative and overcome guilt
2. Answer A. Analysis: This question examines the recitation of Eriksson's theory of personality development. Erickson, an American psychoanalyst, believes that personality development is a gradual process, which must go through eight stages in the same order, of which the first five stages belong to children's growth and education. Including basic trust to basic distrust (0- 1.5 years old), autonomy to shame and doubt (2-3 years old), initiative to guilt (4-5 years old), diligence to inferiority (6- 1 1 year old) and self-identity to role confusion (65438). Item a is correct.
B, C, D: None of them belong to the characteristics of adolescence, and they are all distractions. Disagree with the question and rule it out.
So the correct answer is a.
Educational Psychology in the Core Test Center —— Psychological Development and Education of Students —— Socialization Development and Education —— Essentials of Eriksson's Socialization Development Theory
Difficulty coefficient ★?