China's "Green Building Evaluation Standard" (GB 50378) defines a green building as a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and lives in harmony with nature.
The so-called "green" of "green building" does not refer to the three-dimensional greening and roof garden in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol. It refers to buildings that are harmless to the environment, can make full use of environmental natural resources, and do not destroy the basic ecological balance of the environment. It can also be called sustainable development building, ecological building, returning to nature building, energy-saving and environmental protection building, etc.
The indoor layout of green buildings is very reasonable. Minimize the use of synthetic materials, make full use of sunlight, save energy, and create a feeling of being close to nature for residents. Taking the coordinated development of people, buildings and the natural environment as the goal, while using natural conditions and artificial means to create a good and healthy living environment, we should control and reduce the use and destruction of the natural environment as much as possible, fully reflecting the balance between demand and return on nature.
(2) Green Building-China is the country with the largest building scale in the world.
China has become the country with the largest urbanization scale in the world. According to the latest research, since 2000, the urbanization rate of China has increased by more than 65,438+0% every year, and about 6,543.88+8 billion to 2 billion square meters of buildings have been built every year. However, the energy crisis and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. According to the calculation of the European Association of Architects, building energy consumption accounts for 50% of the total social energy consumption. It consumes 50% of water resources, 40% of raw materials and is responsible for 80% of the reduction of cultivated land. At the same time, 50% of air pollution, 42% of greenhouse gas effect, 50% of water pollution, 48% of solid waste and 50% of chlorofluorocarbons all come from buildings. Therefore, whether it is energy, material consumption or pollution, architecture is the key to the problem. Therefore, it is imperative for China urban buildings to change from the traditional high-consumption development mode to the high-efficiency development mode. Promoting green buildings is the only way to realize this change, and it is also the inevitable trend of architectural development in the world today.
Cultivating professional green building technical consultants and engaging in green building technical consultation with professional knowledge and skills can effectively and healthily develop the national economy and benefit future generations. Cultivating professional green building engineers is the basis for improving the comprehensive level of engineering construction in China and the most effective way to meet the needs of China's integration with the international construction industry.
(3) The development of green buildings in China.
The development of green building in China is relatively late. It began in the second half of the 20th century, and gradually spread with the core content of green building-building energy saving as the core. Under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, the concept of green building has been paid more and more attention in China. The government not only determines the strategic goal, development plan and technical and economic policy of developing green buildings at the macro level; At the same time, improve and revise relevant laws and regulations, ensure the promotion of green buildings, and gradually build an industrial structure to promote green buildings.
Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1992), the government of China has successively promulgated a number of relevant programs, guidelines and regulations to vigorously promote the development of green buildings.
The "National Green Building Innovation Award" issued by the Ministry of Construction in September, 2004 indicates that the development of green buildings in China has entered an all-round development stage.
In March, 2005, the first international symposium on the exhibition of intelligent and green building technology and technology and products was held (once a year), and the winning projects and units of the National Green Building Innovation Award were announced. In the same year, the Ministry of Construction issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Energy-saving and Land-saving Buildings.
In 2006, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development officially promulgated the evaluation standard of green buildings.
In March 2006, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Construction signed a cooperation agreement on "Green Building Science and Technology Action", which laid the foundation for the development of green building technology and the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
In August, 2007, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued Technical Rules for Green Building Evaluation (Trial) and Management Measures for Green Building Evaluation Signs, so as to gradually improve the green building evaluation system suitable for China's national conditions.
In 2008, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development organized and promoted a series of measures, such as green building evaluation signs and green building demonstration project construction, and established a special committee on energy conservation and green building of China Urban Science Research Association to work in the name of China Green Building Committee.
At the end of 2009 1 1, before actively welcoming the Copenhagen climate change conference, the government of China made a decision that by 2020, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP would be reduced by 40% to 45% compared with 2005, and it would be incorporated into the medium-and long-term planning of national economic and social development as a binding indicator, and corresponding domestic statistics, monitoring and assessment would be formulated.
On 20 10, the evaluation standards for green industrial buildings and green office buildings were compiled.
On August 6th, 20 12, the State Council promulgated the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, which clearly advocated green buildings, and pointed out: "By 20 12, the proportion of green buildings in buildings will increase from 1% in 20 12 to/kloc-.
20 12 in may, the Ministry of finance and the Ministry of housing and urban-rural development jointly issued a document this weekend, announcing that the development of green buildings in China will be accelerated in an all-round way through government financial subsidies. by 2020, the proportion of green buildings in new buildings will reach more than 30%, with an average growth rate close to 30%. Since 2005, the demand for green building logo management talents began to grow rapidly, and experienced the later period of Olympic construction. The overall length ratio of green building consulting engineers is in a stable trend. In 20 1 1 year, the demand for green building sign managers will exceed one million. It is predicted that in 20 13 years, the demand for green building logo managers will exceed 2 million.
Due to the increasing number of highly educated graduates year by year, the huge number of new laborers in urban and rural areas, the transfer of rural labor force, the increase of unemployed people in government agencies and institutions, the structural adjustment of industrial enterprises, the return of returnees to China, the increase of foreigners, the retirement of military personnel and the reform of state-owned enterprises and institutions, the job-seeking team is even larger and the employment competition is intensified. In addition, as far as enterprises are concerned, the new professional posts require higher professional skills and cannot match the existing majors. Moreover, the state has introduced a series of vocational qualification systems to further raise the employment threshold, which leads to the embarrassing situation that many positions in enterprises cannot recruit suitable candidates. Undoubtedly, participating in vocational training in related occupations is the most effective means to improve their comprehensive competitiveness, and it is also an effective way for countries that have obtained this occupation to recognize their qualifications.
Although China's green buildings have developed rapidly, there is still a big gap between China's green buildings and international standards in concept and technical practice. There are many reasons, such as short development time, unbalanced economic development and so on, but the most urgent problem is the talent problem of green building. Many units have misunderstandings about green buildings. As far as China is concerned, most of the participating units of construction projects don't know how to initiate, plan, design, examine drawings, construct, supervise, test, complete acceptance, approve the sale, maintenance and use of green building projects, which seriously affects the development of green buildings in China, reduces the housing level of China residents and the profits of participating units.
Especially in 20 12, the State Council issued a notice (Guo Fa [2065438+02] No.9) about the quality development program (20 1 1-2020). In May of the same year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Notice on the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Green Buildings in China. Wait, force the development speed of green buildings. Based on China's national conditions and drawing lessons from the experience of green building development in developed countries, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Vocational Center held a project review meeting of "Green Building (Consulting) Engineer" at the end of September 2065438+2002, and determined that green building engineer was a national vocational examination project. China Employment Training Technical Guidance Center is responsible for the assessment and certificate issuance, and Beijing Gao Bai Institute of Building Science is in charge of the formulation of teaching syllabus, textbook compilation and related training. Solve the problem of the weak team of professional service talents in green building in China and ensure the completion of various goals of national green building. Green building engineer career project started.
Entrusted by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security China Employment Training Technical Guidance Center, after three years' investigation and study, Baikao Institute of Building Science first studied the post setting status of green building engineer, and analyzed and demonstrated the post function and social demand development. Secondly, the content of the teaching materials and the main knowledge structure are screened to determine the content of the training materials for green building engineers. Thirdly, the test evaluation question bank is established and the test training operation plan is formulated.
2065438+At the end of September, 2002, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security held a green building engineer project evaluation meeting, organized relevant evaluation experts to repeatedly demonstrate the project, finally determined the implementation plan and start-up plan of the project, and approved the implementation plan of the green building engineer project enrollment, training and examination of Beijing Gao Bai Institute of Architecture, which provided all-round support for the smooth training and certification of green building engineers.