1. According to the capacity scale of cold storage (1), large cold storage: the nominal capacity is more than 20000m? Above;
(2) medium-sized cold storage: the nominal volume is 5000~20000m?
(3) Small cold storage: the nominal volume is less than 5000m?
(1) High temperature cold storage (constant temperature storage) According to the design temperature of the cold storage: the design temperature is 5 ~ 15℃.
(2) Medium temperature cold storage: the design temperature is 5 ~-5℃.
(3) Low temperature cold storage (freezer): The design temperature is-18 ~-25℃.
(4) Ultra-low temperature cold storage (deep cold storage): the design temperature is -45 ~-60℃.
(5) Quick-freezing warehouse (quick-freezing warehouse): The design temperature is -35 ~-40℃.
(6) Fresh-keeping storage (controlled atmosphere storage): The design temperature is 5 ~-2℃.
References:
Data Report of China Cold Chain Alliance's Distribution Map of National Cold Chain Logistics Enterprises (Version 20 19)
3.( 1) Civil cold storage is classified by warehouse structure category.
The main building adopts reinforced concrete frame structure or brick-concrete structure where frozen products are stored at low temperature. It is also a kind of cold storage with high utilization rate at present, which can be single-storey or multi-storey.
(2) Covered cold storage
Covered soil cold storage is also called soil hole cold storage. Refers to the cold storage with masonry structure, built on non-frost heaving sandstone layer or bedrock, and covered with loess with a certain thickness on the insulation layer. There are single-hole and multi-arch forms.
(3) Cold storage in caves
Cave cold storage is a place where refrigeration facilities are applied to caves with solid rocks, with the help of natural rock layers to build insulation layers and store frozen products at low temperatures.
(4) jacket refrigeration
Jacketed cold storage refers to adding an inner jacket structure to the enclosure structure of conventional cold storage, and loading cooling equipment inside the jacket. The cold air generated by the refrigeration system will circulate in the jacket.
The cold storage with this structure forms a "refrigeration air belt", which on the one hand takes away the heat from the external structure, and on the other hand ensures the temperature stability in the warehouse without losing too much cold energy.
(5) Assembled cold storage
Except for the ground, all components are prefabricated in complete sets in professional factories according to unified standards, assembled on site, and frozen products are preserved at low temperature.
Tips for Universal Refrigeration: The assembled cold storage plate is a lightweight prefabricated heat insulation plate assembled structure with steel structure frame, and the load-bearing members are mostly made of thin-walled steel. The inner and outer panels of the library board are made of colored steel plates (the base material is galvanized steel plates), and the core material of the library board is foamed rigid polyurethane or pasted polystyrene foam board.
Four, according to the nature of use classification (1) production of cold storage.
Refers to the place where frozen products are stored at low temperature with large refrigeration processing capacity and certain refrigeration capacity, which is generally mainly built in several food producing areas and supply places, as well as fishery and agricultural bases. This kind of cold storage is mainly used for long-term storage of food or agricultural products after primary processing (cold processing, such as pre-cooling).
(2) Distributed cold storage
Distribution cold storage, also known as transit cold storage, refers to the cold storage used to receive and store frozen food. Construction sites are generally selected in large and medium-sized cities, industrial and mining areas with large population and land and water transportation hubs.
(3) Retail cold storage
Refers to the cold storage built in industrial and mining enterprises or large city grocery stores and vegetable markets for temporary storage of retail food.
(4) transit refrigeration
There are two main types of cold storage in transition:
One is based on a water control project to receive food delivered from a production refrigerator. The ability of refreezing is weak. Under normal circumstances, after short-term storage, food is transported to the distribution cold storage for further storage or direct export.
Another kind of temporary cold storage is built in the fishing base. Different from the first kind of productive cold storage, this kind of productive cold storage has strong freezing ability, can carry out large-scale cold processing, and plays the role of intermediate transit before fish and other aquatic products enter the market. In addition, the transit cold storage platform is large and has strong loading and unloading capacity.
(5) Comprehensive cold storage
The so-called comprehensive cold storage mainly refers to its powerful function, integrating production and distribution functions. Can meet the storage and cold working of large-capacity products.
Five, according to the classification of cold storage refrigerant ammonia cold storage: refrigeration system using ammonia as refrigerant cold storage.
Freon cold storage: a cold storage using Freon as refrigerant in refrigeration system.
Six, according to the classification of stored goods (1) drug refrigeration: under the condition of low temperature refrigeration, drugs do not deteriorate and fail, prolong the shelf life of drugs, and meet the technical requirements of the Food and Drug Administration.
(2) Meat cold storage: a building used for freezing and refrigerating meat, which is kept at low temperature by artificial refrigeration.
(3) Cold storage of blood: Cold storage at low temperature (2℃-8℃) to keep fresh blood and plasma from deterioration and invalidation, which meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
(4) Vaccine cold storage: the cold storage that keeps the vaccine from deteriorating and failing at low temperature, prolongs the shelf life of drugs and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
(3) Fruit cold storage: used for fruit storage and processing, using low temperature or controlling the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in storage. A storage method for inhibiting the activity of microorganisms and enzymes and prolonging the long-term storage time of fruits and vegetables. There are two kinds of fruit refrigeration: fresh-keeping storage and modified atmosphere storage.
(4) Vegetable cold storage: used for storage and processing of fruits, using low temperature or controlling the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in storage. A storage method for inhibiting the activity of microorganisms and enzymes and prolonging the long-term storage time of fruits and vegetables. There are two kinds of vegetable cold storage: vegetable fresh-keeping storage and controlled atmosphere storage.
(5) Cold storage of medicinal materials: a cold storage that keeps medicinal materials (biological and mineral Chinese medicinal materials) from deterioration and invalidation at low temperature and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
(6) Cold storage of aquatic products: Cold storage for frozen storage of aquatic fish and seafood can prolong the shelf life and taste of seafood and meet the technical requirements of the Food Supervision Bureau.
According to the storage items, there are many types of cold storage, which will not be introduced here.
Seven, according to the use of structural materials and grades (1) high-grade cold storage.
Definition of high-grade cold storage: the insulation board is made of high-quality polyurethane (with flame retardant function, material grade A or above) or high-quality stainless steel (frosted or polished material, material grade A or above), and the price is relatively high.
(2) Low-level cold storage
Definition of low-grade cold storage: the insulation board is made of ordinary polyurethane (without flame retardant function) or high-quality stainless steel (without frosted or polished materials), and the field price of frozen products stored at low temperature is lower than that of high-grade cold storage.
(3) FRP cold storage
Glass fiber reinforced plastic cold storage: Cold storage is a place where frozen products are stored at low temperature, and it is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic insulation board.
(4) color steel cold storage
Definition of color steel cold storage: Cold storage is a place where frozen products are stored at low temperature with FRP materials.
(5) Stainless steel cold storage
Definition of stainless steel cold storage: Cold storage (except the ground) is a place made of stainless steel insulation board to store frozen products at low temperature.
Eight. From the perspective of application industry, cold storage is widely used in many industries. According to different application industries, cold storage can be divided into the following categories:
(1) scientific research cold storage: cold storage used for scientific research and storage in scientific research industry or university laboratories;
(2) Agricultural cold storage refers to the cold storage used for cold treatment and low-temperature storage of agricultural products after primary processing;
(3) Industrial cold storage: refers to the cold storage used for storing industrial chemical raw materials and industrial electronic products at low temperature;
(4) Logistics cold storage: Logistics cold storage is mainly used in the logistics industry, and it is a cold storage for storing food at low temperature;
(5) Pharmaceutical cold storage: refers to the cold storage mainly used for storing pharmaceutical products at low temperature in the pharmaceutical industry.
(6) Food and beverage cold storage: refers to the cold storage used in the food and beverage industry to store food and beverage ingredients at low temperature.
References:
Classification standards and definitions of cold storage types-Encyclopedia of general refrigeration equipment refrigeration