A loan survey of the borrower's basic situation; The income of the borrower; The purpose of the loan; The repayment source, repayment ability and repayment method of the borrower; Guarantor's willingness to guarantee, ability to guarantee or the value and liquidity of mortgaged property.
Article 42 of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Personal Loans
Article 42
[If the lender is under any of the following circumstances, the China Banking Regulatory Commission may, in addition to taking regulatory measures in accordance with Article 41 of these Measures, impose penalties in accordance with Articles 46 and 48 of the Banking Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China:
(a) the issuance of unqualified personal loans;
(two) the loan contract signed does not conform to the provisions of these measures;
(three) in violation of the provisions of article seventh of these measures;
(4) Entrust all loan investigation matters to a third party;
(five) beyond or disguised beyond the loan authority to approve loans;
(6) instructing borrowers to obtain loans under fictitious circumstances;
(seven) the borrower's violation of the loan contract should be found but not found, or found but did not take effective measures;
(eight) other circumstances that seriously violate the prudent operating rules stipulated in these measures.
What does the personal loan survey mainly include?
Personal loan survey mainly includes:
1. Basic information of the borrower;
2. The income of the borrower;
3. The purpose of the loan;
4. The borrower's repayment source, repayment ability and repayment method;
5. Guarantor's willingness to guarantee, ability to guarantee, value of collateral and liquidity.
The loan investigation should be based on on-the-spot investigation, supplemented by indirect investigation, and adopt ways and methods such as on-the-spot verification, telephone inquiry and information consultation. On the premise of not damaging the legitimate rights and interests of the borrower and controlling risks, the lender may prudently entrust some specific matters in the loan investigation to a third party, but may not entrust all the matters in the loan investigation to a third party.
Pre-loan investigation
1. What is a pre-loan survey?
Pre-loan investigation refers to the investigation of the basic situation of the loan applicant before the bank issues the loan, and makes a preliminary judgment on whether it meets the loan conditions and the amount that can be issued. The focus of the investigation includes the applicant's credit standing, business operation, compliance and legality of the specific purpose of applying for a loan, loan guarantee, etc.
Second, the basic principles of pre-loan investigation
Most banks need to follow the principle of "two-person investigation, on-the-spot inspection, true reflection and grasping the key points" before lending. The principle of two-person investigation, also known as the AB angle principle, means that each credit asset business has at least two credit personnel to participate in the investigation, and its investigation report needs to sign a clear opinion;
Field investigation refers to the field investigation conducted by investigators. Credit officers must conduct on-the-spot investigation on loan applicants, guarantors and collateral through discussion and auditing, verify the authenticity of information and financial statements provided by applicants and guarantors, and conduct on-the-spot inspection on the operation and management, asset distribution and current situation of collateral of applicants and guarantors; In the process of investigation, it is necessary to go deep into the customer's production and business premises to conduct on-site investigation and verification, check the customer's financial accounts, accounts, accounts, in-depth verification of the relevant information provided by the customer, and on-site inspection of the applicant's guarantor management, asset distribution, collateral status, etc.
The principle of true reflection means that credit personnel must seek truth from facts, truly reflect what they have learned in the pre-loan investigation and do not avoid risk points.
Three. Information to be collected in pre-loan investigation
1, loan application
2. Business licenses of the applicant and guarantor after annual inspection, etc.
3. Articles of Association of the applicant and guarantor
4. Authorization of the People's Bank of China on the credit code and related credit business.
5. The annual financial statements of the applicant and the guarantor in the last three months.
6. Environmental protection license and special business license, etc.
7, collateral ownership certificate
8. Collateral appraisal report issued by a third-party appraisal agency.
9. Financial statements of the applicant and the lender in recent months.
10, check the authenticity of the applicant's basic information, and learn more about the industries, markets and product management modes involved by the debtor.
1 1. View the applicant's tax payment voucher, water and electricity payment voucher, payment voucher, warehouse receipt voucher, etc.
12. Check whether the applicant's information is consistent with the credit information and industrial and commercial information through the national publicity system, the information of the executed person, the judgment document network and other network systems.
13. View the applicant's family assets information.
14. Other documents and certificates deemed necessary by the bank.
Fourth, how to do a good job of pre-loan investigation
1, adhere to the four steps
The so-called four steps are listening, checking, verifying and analyzing.
(1) Listening refers to listening to the basic situation of the lender's self-description and getting to know the lender from the side, such as getting to know the lender preliminarily through people around the lender or the lender's upstream and downstream customers;
(2) Inspection is to investigate the authenticity. You can make a reasonable judgment on the borrower by looking at the original business license, tax registration certificate and loan card of the customer.
(3) Verification is to verify the operating conditions, collateral and guarantor of the enterprise to see if it is consistent with the lender's statement. If it is inconsistent, we should give a reasonable explanation to the loan fever.
(4) Analysis is the process of analyzing and sorting out the borrower's relevant information after learning a lot of information about the lender, and then evaluating the customer's loan risk and operating efficiency, and systematically analyzing the previous investigation.
2. Make targeted judgments on enterprises.
(1) Prevent moral hazard. Most small and medium-sized enterprises in China are in the hands of the actual person in charge, and the personality of the actual person in charge directly affects the possibility of loan repayment. Many non-performing loans of banks are inseparable from the borrower's malicious evasion of debts, so the investigation of the actual borrower's personality is an important step before lending.
(2) the "three views" principle of the enterprise. The so-called "three views" principle, one is to examine the operating conditions of enterprises, the other is to look at the cash flow of enterprises, and the third is to look at the guarantee compensation ability of enterprises.
First look at the management of enterprises. It examines body statements through investigation and analysis. First, on-the-spot investigation of the business environment of the enterprise to see whether its accounts are consistent. Second, by consulting all kinds of accounting books of enterprises and calculating the corresponding operating indicators through all kinds of data recorded in them, we can analyze and understand the operating conditions of enterprises.
Second, look at corporate cash flow. By looking at the deposit settlement account opened by the enterprise in the bank for a period of time, we can further understand the withdrawal of deposits, loans and other funds of the borrowing enterprise for a period of time, and fully understand the direction and quantity of cash flow of the enterprise.
Third, look at the ability to guarantee compensation. One of the problems that banks need to focus on is the guarantee practice. In the investigation, they should pay attention to review the subject qualification of the guarantor, the credit status and ability of the guaranteed enterprise, and the second is mortgage guarantee, focusing on the legality of the collateral.
Risk analysis of verb (verb's abbreviation)
First of all, we should analyze the risks of the industry, understand the relevant industrial policies and entry barriers of the country to the applicant's industry, investigate and analyze the business nature and scale of the applicant's company, compare the applicant's position and competitiveness in the same industry, analyze the rationality of the applicant's strategy and predict its development prospects.
Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the business risks of the company. By investigating the applicant's production and marketing scale, the development stage of the enterprise, as well as the enterprise's operating status, the company's future development trend, the company's business strategy, the demand elasticity of products, the power supply of raw materials, the distribution of purchase and sale, etc., the analysis was made.
Sixth, pay attention to enterprise quality.
First of all, commercial banks' personal loans for small enterprises and investment banking services for small enterprises are mainly aimed at relatively good enterprises and enterprises with high quality and listing prospects. In terms of enterprise quality, commercial banks should focus on the technical quality of enterprises, including the technical level of production process and product technical standards, technology development, technology substitution, technology reserve, R&D capability, R&D personnel, R&D achievements, etc. , but also pay attention to the honorary title, major brands, popularity and brand effect of independent intellectual property enterprises of commercial banks.
In terms of management quality, we should pay attention to corporate governance structure, department setting, and management of senior management, employee management, sales staff, production and quality. Management is the decisive factor for the success of high-quality enterprises, and the key factor for the success of high-quality enterprises must be the innovation of management mode, so we must attach importance to the management of enterprises before lending.
Seven, review the purpose of the loan
In the stage of loan investigation, loan investigators must conscientiously perform their duties and conduct due diligence on the loan application of borrowers. First, it is necessary to fulfill the obligation of full disclosure, clearly inform the lender of the purpose of the funds, and shall not be used for other purposes; The second is to review the application materials of the borrower and conduct necessary on-the-spot investigations; Third, pay close attention to the transaction business directly related to the purpose of the loan, including whether the contract transaction is effectively signed and whether the contract elements are complete. The homeowner defrauded the loan. In addition, the credit manager should pay more attention to the borrower's loan purpose and pay a regular return visit after the loan.
Eight, pay attention to the credit status of loan enterprises.
Individuals have personal credit information, and enterprises also have credit information. The main purpose of enterprise credit report is commercial loans, in other words, commercial loans mainly based on corporate loans. When we query the enterprise credit report, we want to know the reason and time of enterprise default, which is related to the integrity of an enterprise. We can learn about the situation from upstream and downstream suppliers and make a good evaluation of the credit status of enterprises.