Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillin, and its antibacterial spectrum and activity are basically the same as those of ampicillin, but its acid resistance is stronger than that of ampicillin, and its bactericidal effect is stronger and faster than that of ampicillin, but it cannot be used for the treatment of meningitis. The half-life is about 6 1.3 minutes. Amoxicillin is stable under acidic conditions, and the absorption rate of gastrointestinal tract reaches 90%, which is faster and more complete than ampicillin. The effect is similar except that Shigella is worse than ampicillin.
Amoxicillin has strong bactericidal effect and strong ability to penetrate cell wall. After oral administration, lactam groups in drug molecules are hydrolyzed immediately to form peptide bonds, which quickly combine with transpeptidase in bacteria to inactivate it, cutting off the only way for bacteria to construct cell walls by synthesizing glycopeptides through transpeptidase, making bacterial cells quickly become spherical and rupture and dissolve, and finally bacteria rupture and die due to the loss of cell walls and the continuous infiltration of water. It has strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on most pathogenic G+ bacteria and G- bacteria (including cocci and bacilli). Among them, it has good antibacterial activity against streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic streptococcus, aerobic gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecalis, aerobic gram-negative bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Helicobacter pylori. Hemodialysis can remove some drugs, peritoneal dialysis has no effect on removing this product.
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