Tianshan Mountain is a large mountain range in the eastern part of Central Asia (mainly in Xinjiang, China), which runs through the central part of Xinjiang, China, and its western end extends to Kazakhstan. In ancient times, it was called Baishan, also known as Snow Mountain. There was snow in both winter and summer. Therefore, the Huns called it Tianshan Mountain, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was also called Luoman Mountain. It is 2 1900 feet high, about 2,500 kilometers long and 250-300 kilometers wide, with an average elevation of about 5 kilometers. The highest peak is Tomur Peak, which is 7435.3 meters above sea level, Khan Tengger Peak is 6995 meters above sea level and Bogda Peak is 5445 meters above sea level. These peaks are all in China, and the peaks are covered with snow. The three major rivers in Xinjiang, the Syr Darya River, the Chu River and the Ili River, all originate from this mountain. Tianshan divides Xinjiang into two parts: Tarim basin in the south; To the north is the New Junggar Basin.
introduce
In ancient times, it was called Baishan, also known as Snow Mountain, which was named after snow in both winter and summer. Later, the Huns called it Tianshan Mountain, and in the Tang Dynasty it was also called Luoman Mountain. It was as high as 2 1 1,900 feet. The eastern part of the main peak of Tianshan Mountain is Nalati Mountain, and Xinjiang is divided into two roads, North and South, which is the western section of Tianshan Mountain. Since then, it has been divided into two branches in the east. One is the coastal capital of Henan Province, which is called Kuokeshan Mountain, and the Han Dynasty is called Beishan Mountain, which means Tianshan Mountain.
The vein extends eastward to Hami, and its northern branch is La 'e Mountain in Bodo, and it also extends eastward to the west of Zhenxi, and its northern branch is south of Borotara River. For Boluobulgasu Mountain, those who enter Tacheng are farther north. Talbahatai mountains. The snow on Bogda Peak, the snow peak in Tianshan Mountain, remains unchanged all year round, and people call it Xue Hai. On the mountainside of Bogda, there is a lake called Tianchi, with an altitude of 190 1 m and a depth of about 90 meters. It was also called Roman in the Tang Dynasty. It was 2 1 1,900 feet high, 2,500 kilometers long and 250-300 kilometers wide, with an average elevation of about 5 kilometers. The highest peak is Tomur Peak, which is 7435.3 meters above sea level, Khan Tengger Peak is 6995 meters above sea level and Bogda Peak is 5445 meters above sea level. . The water in the pool is melted by ice and snow, clear and transparent, like a big mirror. White snow peaks and green spruce are reflected in the lake, forming a beautiful picture, which is a famous tourist attraction in Xinjiang.
Tianshan north and south
Tianshan divides Xinjiang into two parts: southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. Southern Xinjiang is Tarim basin, Kunlun mountain and Turpan basin. Northern Xinjiang is Urumqi, Turpan, Altay, Tacheng, Changji, Yili and Bortala. The geographical feature of Xinjiang is "three mountains and two basins", with Altai Mountain in the northernmost part of Xinjiang, Tianshan Mountain in the middle and Kunlun Mountain in the southernmost part. Junggar Basin is located between Altai Mountain and Tianshan Mountain, and Tarim Basin is located between Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain System. North of Tianshan Mountain is called Northern Xinjiang.
Tianshan peaks
In the Tianshan Mountains, there are dozens of peaks over 5000 meters above sea level. In addition to Tomur, the highest peak, there are mainly peaks on the border between China and Kazakhstan, namely, Khan Tengger Peak, Bogda Peak, Cabili Mountain in Lasky, Bashan Mountain in Drastez, Touleizi Mountain, Shiterdong Peak and Zihabajian Mountain. These towering peaks are covered with ice and snow all year round. Seen from a distance, the snowy peaks shining with Yin Hui are so magnificent, solemn and mysterious.
Bogda mt
Bogda Peak, 5445 meters above sea level, is the highest peak of Bogda Mountain in the East Tianshan Mountains, with two male peaks, 5287 meters and 52 13 meters above sea level respectively. The three peaks stand side by side, shaped like a pen, and the local herdsmen collectively call them three sacred mountains. The peaks above 3800 meters above sea level are covered with snow all the year round, so they are called "Xue Hai". Bogda Peak, 70km away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, is not only a target for brave climbers to climb, but also a tourist attraction with magical charm. Driving from Urumqi, you can go to Fukang first, then go south through the huge alluvial fan of Sangong River and enter the mountain pass. The car traced its roots in the gourd-shaped valley, which was wide and narrow. First, the green mountain grassland, and then the dense forest. Through a deep and narrow stone gorge, climb a 400-meter-high natural dam, and a picturesque lake appears in front of you, which is Tianshan Tianchi. Tianchi Lake is an alpine lake formed by ancient glaciers and mudslides blocking rivers. The elevation of the lake is1900m, the length is 3,300m, the width is several hundred meters to1500m, and the maximum water depth is104m, which is long, narrow, clear and deep. The melting snow water on the surrounding snow peaks gathers here and becomes a constant source of water for Tianchi Lake. There are tall and straight spruce, birch and willow on the surrounding hillside, and exquisite pavilions and pavilions are built on the west bank. The calm and clear lake reflects the green hills and snow peaks, and the scenery is like a fairyland. No wonder Tianchi is called "Yaochi", where the Queen Mother of the West will gather immortals to hold the Flat Peach Festival. According to Mu Chuan, three thousand years ago, Zhou Muwang traveled west to Tianshan Mountain in an "eight-carriage", and the Queen Mother of the West met him in Tianchi. Mu Wang presented a large number of Central Plains specialties such as brocade and exquisite silk, and the Queen Mother of the West returned the rare treasures of Tianshan Mountain, and invited Mu Wang to visit the scenic spots of Tianshan Mountain. King Mu inscribed the book "Mountain of the Queen Mother of the West" as a souvenir. When leaving, the Queen Mother of the West urged her to drink again and again, and sang impromptu: "I wish you a long life and wish you come again." Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem praising this great event. The poem says: Grandma Yaochi leans against the window and sings sadly. These eight horses go to Wan Li every day. Why didn't Mu Wang return to Tianshan Mountain?
To the south of Tianchi stands the majestic Bogda Peak. To climb Bogda Peak, you need to ride a horse from the west bank of Tianchi to the end of Hunan and go to Shangdonggou. Dadong Valley is gentle and open, with spruce on the valley bottom and shady slope, and bushes on the sunny slope. Above 2800 meters above sea level, the terrain is relatively flat. In summer, here is a vibrant grassland scene. On the alpine meadow, grasses such as Gramineae, Polygonaceae and Carex are woven into green carpets with their slender stems and leaves, while Gentiana, Aster, Trollius chinensis and Anemone decorate the green carpets into colorful and beautiful scrolls with their bright colors. On the flat banks of the river, on the uplifted ancient moraine, and on the gentle slopes of sunny mountains, cattle and sheep flock together and pastoral songs are melodious. This is the alpine pasture where Kazakh herders graze cattle and sheep. Along the valley, well-preserved ancient moraines and glacial erosion landforms can be seen everywhere. At the source of Dadonggou, due to the erosion of glaciers, the back wall of an ancient snow basin has been eroded to a height of only 3,660 meters, and it has become the traffic artery connecting the alpine pastures on the north and south slopes of Bogda Peak-Bangu Bogda Pass, also known as the three mountains, namely Shanyakou. Standing at the Bogda Pass in Bangu, you can see Bogda Peak and the large glaciers on its northern slope. After investigating Bogda Peak, geologist Li Chengsan vividly summarized its majestic mountain and powerful glacial action with just a few words, such as "the silver peak is raging, the ice flow blocks the valley, and the mountains are the only ones". According to statistics, there are more than 300 glaciers in Bogda Mountains, and the area of Bogda Peak accounts for more than 1/4. Bogda Peak is surrounded by a steep slope of about 60 degrees, and thick snow accumulates on the hillside. Bogda Peak is prone to avalanche due to its heavy snowfall, deep snow and steep mountains. Avalanches are an important source of supply for glaciers and play a great role in the continuation of glacier life activities. A glacier on the northern slope of Bogda Peak, with an area of about 1 1 km2, is the largest glacier in Bogda Peak area. Its granular snow area is steep, but the glacier tongue is relatively flat, with criss-crossing cracks and dense cobwebs. This glacier melts strongly in summer, and the meltwater merges into many glacier channels, the largest of which is three or four meters wide and five or six meters deep, and the water is roaring. The ice is covered with large and small glacier boulders. When the ice around the boulder falls due to melting, the ice covered by the boulder forms icicles that look like mushrooms. People call this complex composed of huge stones and icicles ice mushrooms. After several ice streams of this large glacier on the northern slope of Bogda Peak converge to form a unified glacier tongue, they are injected into Sigong River on the northern slope and Bangu Bogda Gole River on the southern slope respectively, which becomes a part of the watershed between the two inland basins. A large number of glacial activities in Bogda Peak area in the past and now have formed rich and colorful ancient glacial relics and periglacial landforms in this area. Almost all the rivers near Bogda Peak have perfect U-shaped valleys, which are tens of meters high. There are spruce, alpine shrubs or ancient moraine ridges that have developed into alpine meadows, as well as rock backs, moraine lakes and glacial lakes of different sizes and shapes, ancient ice ridges as high as tens or even hundreds of meters, and ancient ice buckets left on valley slopes. As a typical representative of periglacial landforms, polygonal soil, stone rings, stone belts, frozen mud flows, hot melt landslides, etc. It can also be seen everywhere here. Being at Bogda Peak is like visiting a living museum of glacier landforms, which is an eye-opener and breathtaking.
Timur von
"The moon is high in the sky and the smoke is vast." More majestic than Bogda Peak is Tomur Peak, which has a unique snow-capped mountain scenery. The highest peak of Tianshan Mountain is located in People's Republic of China (PRC), 20 kilometers southwest of the highest peak of the Sino-Kazakhstan border. There are more than ten peaks over 6000 meters around, besides the Khan Tengger Peak, there are also Snow Lotus Peak shaped like flowers, Aktas Peak (Bai Yufeng) covered with white marble, and Chelebos Peak (Tiger Peak) shaped like Crouching Tiger. To commemorate 1978 China People's Second Scientific Conference, the people of China and the mountaineering expedition team of China Academy of Sciences. These towering peaks are covered with snow and ice like silver helmets and shining silver under the blue sky. The most spectacular scenery in Tomur Peak area is Tuihan Tengger Glacier. Among more than 800 glaciers in Tomur Peak, the Khan Tengger Glacier is the longest, reaching 60.8 kilometers, and it is one of the eight largest valley glaciers in the world. The ice surface of the glacier is covered with stones of different sizes, and people can walk on it. Above the glacier, there are countless unfathomable ice lakes, ice cracks hundreds of meters deep, and light blue ice melting caves, ice stalactites, crystal walls, ice towers, ice cones, ice mushrooms, ice tables and glaciers. The weather here is changeable, and sometimes it is clear in Wan Li. Suddenly, there was a thunder. Looking up, not far away, snow and dust rolled down, setting off snow waves tens to hundreds of meters high. The soaring snow fog rises and spreads like a mushroom cloud, and the scenery is very spectacular. However, avalanches that happen from time to time are the most dangerous enemies of glacier explorers and climbers. The strange scenery in this thrilling environment of Tomur Peak can only be appreciated and experienced by brave soldiers who are not afraid of difficulties and obstacles. It can be described as "infinite scenery with dangerous peaks". Mt. Tianshan
China No.1 Glacier is located on the Wang Feng of Karawucheng Mountain in the middle Tianshan Mountain in Nanshan District of Urumqi, on the north side of the watershed of Tiangeer Peak, 8 km away from Urumqi11. Glaciers were formed in the third ice age, with a history of 4 million years. The shape of the glacier is a double iceberg glacier. The upper limit of the glacier is 4474 meters above sea level. At the end of the glacier tongue, it is 3790 meters above sea level. The glacier is 200 meters long and covers an area of 1.74 square kilometers. From 65438 to 0957, China Academy of Sciences built the glacier observation point China 1, which is the most complete glacier tracking research point in the world. Because of its scientific research, transportation and environmental conditions, it is the only glacier that can be commercially developed in China. In addition to the spectacular glacier wonders, there are many famous hot springs in Tomur Peak area. Alasan Hot Springs, located on the east side of North musat Valley, is one of them. In summer, the river is gurgling here, the springs are jingling, and the dense Tianshan spruce and birch forest around it bring yellow Patrinia flowers in full bloom. It has become a famous convalescent area in Xinjiang. The spring water in Alashan is seasonal, basically dried up in winter and spring, and the spring water quantity is the largest in June-August. Hot spring water contains trace minerals such as sulfide and soda, which has certain curative effect on many diseases. Every summer, herders of Kazak, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Uygur, Russian and other ethnic groups, who are more than 0/00 kilometers away from/kloc, come here to bathe and recuperate despite the long distance and dangers.
Saussurea tianshanica
Snow Lotus, also known as "Snow Lotus", is called "Taglis" in the local Uygur language. It is a perennial herb of Saussurea in Compositae. It is a rare Chinese herbal medicine unique to Xinjiang; It grows on the cliffs and steep walls of Tianshan Mountain at an altitude of about 4000 meters, and in the cracks of ice-stained rocks. The climate there is extremely cold, and the snow doesn't melt all the year round, so ordinary plants can't survive at all, but Saussurea involucrata can survive in the cold of tens of degrees below zero and the oxygen-deficient environment with thin air. This unique living habit and unique growth environment make it natural and rare, and also create its unique pharmacological effects and magical medicinal value. People regard Saussurea involucrata as the "king of herbs" and "good medicine".