How powerful was the Royal Guards of the Ming Dynasty?

What we know best about Jin Yiwei is probably their domineering image in film and television dramas. Because there is no special ancient bo

What we know best about Jin Yiwei is probably their domineering image in film and television dramas. Because there is no special ancient book to record the history of the Royal Guards, Wang Shizhen wrote the Chronicle of the Royal Guards, which contains deductive elements. Zhang's "Ming Jin Yi Wei" also quoted Wang Shizhen's article. There are some related contents in Ming Hui Dian, such as Miscellaneous Notes of Wan Shu, Miscellaneous Collection of Yishantang, Sad Words of Imperial Prison, Jade Gentle Shock Collection, Deliberate Record, Records of Ming History, Records of National History, and Wild Compilation of Wanli.

The command post of Royal Guards, referred to as Royal Guards for short, was established in the Ming Dynasty, specializing in Xu Wei, national etiquette and ceremonies, clean government and emotional management, and directly reporting to the emperor. The captain who goes out to do business is nicknamed "Tiqi". In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the system was reformed on the basis of the original pro-army Duweifu and its subordinate Yiluan Division. It has jurisdiction over the Experience Department, the Nanbei Town Government Department, the Pro-Military Department and 14 elephant training departments. After Yongle, it was divided into Royal Guards and Nanjing Royal Guards. The earliest origin of Royal Guards is the Royal Guards Department in Jin Dynasty (formerly known as Dragon, Shenwei), which was established in the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1266) and was under the Ministry of Rites. Nine years later, he was promoted to "direct commander of Gong Wei". There is a commander, and the deputy commander commands other officials. 136 1 year, Zhu Yuanzhang was appointed Duke of Wu, and the Privy Council was changed to "Gong Weisi" (without the word "Yu"), with a rank of seven, leading a captain, and later changed to Command Division, with a rank of three. Later, it was changed to DuDu House, and finally changed to "YiLuan Department" (YiLuan Department of Royal Guards in Minghui Hall). In the second year of Hongwu, a pro-army Doudufu was established, and the Ilan Division was placed under the pro-army Doudufu. In fifteen years, the government and department were dismissed, and Wei Jinyi was appointed as one of the twelve pro-military guards (the sixth army of the emperor). General Han, who was only 1500 at the earliest, was the palace guard of ouchi. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhu Yuanzhang set up the Royal Guards Town Department according to the past dynasties, taking charge of the punishment of the Royal Guards and managing military craftsmen. Below it, there is an official school specializing in reconnaissance. The Royal Guard then began to be responsible for arrests and executions. Zhu Yuanzhang was suspicious and afraid of the minister's disloyalty, so he was full of vigilance and asked the minister to obey him absolutely and be loyal to him. I had to be respectful to him after I left the DPRK, so I sent spies to patrol around. This is the prototype of the Royal Guards and secret service in Ming Dynasty. Later, as a secret agent, Zhu Yuanzhang said "checking schools" and was responsible for testing Beijing officials. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the Hu case occurred, and Zhu Yuanzhang was even more distrustful of his liegeman. In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), the Royal Guards Organization was formally established, with yang xian as the first commander-in-chief, followed by Mao Xiang, Jiang Xiang, Ji Gang and Yu Xia.

Later, in the twenty years of Hongwu, Taizu burned instruments of torture to treat the illegal abuse of the Royal Guards, and ordered the internal and external prisons to belong to the Third Law Department (the case of aquamarine was tried by the Third Law Department). In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, due to Zhu Yuanzhang's belief that this cool strategy could not exist for a long time, and the strength of the Royal Guards (the Royal Guards are not in the internal and external prisons, and the size is salty). Therefore, the Hu case and the Aquamarine case (tried by the emperor's grandson and the official minister Zhan Hui) have little to do with Jinyiwei. After Judy succeeded in usurping the throne, in order to suppress the dissatisfaction of her subjects, the power of the Royal Guards was restored and strengthened. For example, Jie Jin, the president of Yongle Ceremony in the 13th year of Yongle, was frozen to death in the snow by Ji Gang. The most prominent commanders are the officials of Bin Yuan, who specially decorated Zhu Guo, and the governor of Zuo Jun, who promoted Dr. Guanglu. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong Chenghua, the criminal cases of Fu Si in the northern town of Jinyiwei could be handled directly without going through this official office, and even the orders issued by this office were submitted for approval by Fu Si in the northern town after being drafted. The military system in the early Ming Dynasty was relatively simple. The grass-roots units are "guards" and "stations", and each unit has about 5000 regular non-commissioned officers. Its subordinate stations are divided into 1,000 stations and 100 stations, and it has 48 stations under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Garrison. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to reform the Guards and set up twelve Sineitai, the most important of which was the "Royal Guards". In the security organization, the emperor is the direct manager. The Royal Guards are in charge of the Royal Guards' affairs: there is only one person, mostly around the governor (first grade), the governor knows each other (first grade), and the governor is in charge of the affairs (second grade), both of whom are in charge of the affairs (second grade). Conductor: Zheng Sanpin, nominally the head of the Royal Guards, was awarded the official position by the descendants of many ministers in the Ming Dynasty, but in fact, it was a virtual post that was not in charge of affairs, and many people could hold it at the same time. The commander knows each other: from the three products, there are two auxiliary commanders. Conductor: Zheng Siping. Ambassador of Nanbei Town: There are five items, one for each. Thousands of households: five products, fourteen people. Deputy thousand households: from five products. Hundreds of households: positive six products. General flag: the standard flag. Flag: from seven products. Lux and a captain: ordinary sergeant. Among them, the task of Beizhen Fusi was to "specialize in imperial edicts", and then in the first year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong, the seal of Beizhen Fusi was added. All the prisons were presented to the emperor specially, and they did not need to be communicated by the commander-in-chief. Those who were not in charge of imperial edicts among the security officials were not allowed to interfere in their affairs. The famous representative cases are the rebellion case of General Aquamarine in the early Ming Dynasty and the case of Zhou Yanru in the late Ming Dynasty, both of which contributed to the investigation of Wei Jinyi. The "Three Legal Departments" (that is, the Ministry of Punishment, Duchayuan and Dali Temple) have no right to interfere with the cases handled by Royal Guards. Usually, before the Royal Guards arrest the suspects, the criminal department must sign a "eviction" before it can act, which is equivalent to a modern arrest warrant. Joining the Royal Guards in the early stage will go through strict examination and assessment, require good citizens and no criminal record, and then make a final decision after training and selection. If a Royal Guards dies in the later period, his relatives, such as relatives or brothers, can be his substitutes. Those who have no children or brothers will choose suitable people to be substitutes in the market, so that there will be no vacancies in Royal Guards. Wan Bei compiled (Volume 2 1) fake driving posts: Ancestral system: Royal Guards took people and sent driving posts, only after the approval of the Ministry of Punishment did they dare to act. If they are prevented from being divided, there is nothing in the Lord. Such as orthodoxy, Zhi Dou, and two vertical things, when twips ride all over the world, they dare not violate this system. The Royal Guard has to go through the Criminal Division to sign the document. "A Record of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty" In December of the first year of Jiajing, Xin Chou: As an old case, factory guards must be approved by the Ministry of Punishment. In other words, the factory guards must be officially refuted. In the Wanli dynasty, due to the "dereliction of duty" of the gods, the officials in the world did not make up for it, which led to the issuance of expulsion posts. Because there are no officials in the criminal department, it is impossible to "sign". However, the punishments did not "sign", so the Royal Guards dared not arrest people. The Royal Guards Official School signs and prints a complete driving post. When the punishments sign, they should hold the original memorial for editing. At first, it was limited to Zuo Jin, Hongzhi and Zheng De who were in Beijing. Qi Qi began to bring people from other places, but they needed the countersignature of various government offices to prevent counterfeiting. "Weekly Consultation Record of Special Areas" (Volume 9) and "Yunnan Baiyi Attached": It is said that the driving posts are supervised and printed by secretaries in all government offices, and all the gates of the imperial city are registered to show off and enter the customs. It is strictly forbidden to resort to deceit. Anyone who drives a car will get a sticker, and one person will get a sticker if customized. It is not allowed to post more people at one time. According to the Ming system, it is the duty of the Royal Guards to rush to the post and take people, which has nothing to do with the chamberlain. However, in the apocalypse dynasty, eunuchs directly took people by driving posts and encountered resistance. The Royal Guards directly obey the emperor, and can arrest anyone, including royalty and relatives, for a closed trial. Also involved in the collection of military intelligence and the work of enemy generals. For example, during the Wanli Korean War, a large amount of Japanese intelligence was collected.

The business responsibility of Royal Guards is "guarding and patrolling". The identity certificate of Royal Guards is a tooth card. Ming Taizu records that in the 11th year of Hongwu, he made dental cards for civil and military ministers. It is made of ivory, engraved with the official name, and all participants in the DPRK come in and out. The tooth tag of the Royal Guards is a brand worn by the Royal Guards at the waist to prove their identity. Or wrap it in a kit and hang it on your left waist. There are roughly two kinds of dental cards. One is the "Shen Chao Ya Pai" of the Royal Guards, which is rectangular with ruyi moire engraved on the upper arc. Carve the words "Royal Guards" on the front, then vertically engrave the official title, without engraving the name, engrave the brand name on the left, and engrave four lines of instructions on the back. The other is the Royal Guards Flag, which is used by grassroots people to enter and leave the palace. There are moiré and flowers on it, and the words "East Secretary's Office" are carved horizontally, with "Fangguan" in the middle, "Golden ooo" on the left and two lines of instructions on the back.

In the Royal Guards' class, there is a second-level commander-in-chief in the official position, or there is a second-level commander-in-chief (also second-level), so you can wear red python clothes, flying fish clothes and embroidered spring knives. If the third level is the commander in chief, you can only wear python clothes, while thousands of households can only wear green splendid clothes. Not every Royal Guards can wear flying clothes, and flying clothes are not exclusive to Royal Guards, but belong to the talent of second-class officials. Moreover, the official uniforms of princes and ministers are not worn every day, and there are strict regulations. I came uninvited, a history student, but I was not very interested in the Ming Dynasty and was not very familiar with the Royal Guards, so I asked Du Niang, inquired about some information and came to answer.

The landlord asked how powerful it was and planned to explain it from the function and grade.

According to China's consistent view in ancient times (in fact, it is the same now), whoever is a big official is a powerful person. The following are the official products of Royal Guards found on Baidu:

Command makes a man, which is the third product.

Ordering two people who know each other, doctrinally speaking.

The smallest flag also has seven products.

Wei Jinyi clothing scene map

function

To put it simply, the functions of the Royal Guards mainly include patrolling, arresting and litigating.

Patrol inspection

The Royal Guards can penetrate everything. Give a story that everyone knows. A minister wrote a poem at home, and the second emperor knew it. Almost copied 1984.

grasp

Royal Guards was founded to investigate cases. With the permission of the emperor, these people can arrest, torture and execute themselves. For example. "Twenty years of Hongwu (1387), Zhu Yuanzhang paved the way for Prince Zhu Biao to inherit the unification. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the burning of the instruments of torture of the Royal Guards, and the detained prisoners were transferred to the Ministry of Justice for trial; At the same time, it was ordered that all internal and external prisons should be tried by the Third Legal Department and the Royal Guard should be abolished. " (From Baidu Encyclopedia Wei Jinyi)

Because they can judge the case by themselves, these Royal Guards can do anything, even Zhu Yuanzhang can't stand it, and ordered the abolition of Royal Guards. As a result, I didn't expect my disappointing son Judy to resume the Royal Guard.

Whipping with a big stick in court (the punishment of feudal society in China)

The Royal Guards can push ministers who offend the emperor out of the meridian gate and beat them with sticks. This is the most terrible, so there are more legends of the Royal Guards.

Welcome to discuss.

It is ignorant of real history to say that the Royal Guards are as skilled as movies, flying over the eaves and having a lot of special equipment. In fact, the Royal Guards of the Ming Dynasty mainly trained first-class spies, not ouchi martial arts masters. It was the most perfect and cruel spy organization in China feudal society. Strangely, however, these spies are not hooligans, but innocent "good people" Why on earth?

First of all, let's start with the nature of the Royal Guards.

Royal Guards specially protect the safety of the emperor, which is equivalent to the emperor's "private army", but this army is engaged in shady activities.

The Royal Guards were formerly known as "Gong Weisi" established by Zhu Yuanzhang, and later renamed as "the pro-military viceroy".

Because it was built by Zhu Yuanzhang, it finally became the "curse" of the Ming Dynasty, which Zhu did not expect.

But at that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had just acceded to the throne and needed to eradicate dissidents and strengthen his own power, so he delegated a lot of power to the Royal Guards.

The Royal Guards can arrest anyone at will without going through judicial procedures, try in private and take charge of the prison. So we can see that it is actually a torture institution that collects information and extorts confessions.

The emperor chose cool politics because he needed cool politics, and the emperor created unjust prisons because he needed unjust prisons.

The emperor needed a reason to root out dissidents, and the Royal Guards found a reason for him. The Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty were different from the royal prisons in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was a militarized country, and everything was in a state of preparation. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty advocated severe punishment and severe law, which was very harsh in criminal law.

As the saying goes, "laws in special periods are different from those in peacetime. Some generals have high criminal power. In addition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed in legalism, and the legalist method was cruel, so those senior officials were also afraid of being accidentally imprisoned.

However, the Royal Guards are different from the royal prisons in the Han Dynasty. First of all, Royal Guards has its own army and prison, which is directly under the supervision of the emperor. Secondly, the target of the Royal Guards is the founding fathers and other high-level people.

Ming Taizu was afraid that after his death, his grandson couldn't cope with these founding heroes, so he held several Dayu meetings and wiped out the elders who helped him to lay the country.

However, this situation is groundless. If it is handed over to the judicial process, it may not be finalized, but it is different to hand it over to the Royal Guards. The Royal Guards can "escape" and "secretly arrest" themselves. This is the essence of the Royal Guards Secret Service.

"Records of Criminal Law in Ming Dynasty" said: "The case of Hu and Aquamarine is connected and there are 40,000 people." You can see how cruel it is.

Royal Guards are the product of the emperor's sinister intentions. Of course, the emperor also knows that this can't go on for a long time, and the unjust prison will perish sooner or later. So after the aquamarine case, he wrote a letter to the "Xianjing Law Department" and burned all the clothes of the Royal Guards, but it was too late, and his descendants knew it long ago.

Judy succeeded in seizing power because of Zhu Yuanzhang's cruelty, because all the ministers around Jianwen Emperor were killed, and Jianwen Emperor had no effective people available, so Judy usurped the throne.

After Judy ascended the throne, she had to root out dissidents, so the Royal Guards were once again brilliant in Judy's hands.

After the establishment of Royal Guards, he often inquired about people's feelings. Even if there is anything against the emperor, they may be arrested and punished by spies. Once they were arrested, it was a narrow escape, so no one dared to talk about Judy.

There are 18 sets of punishments commonly used by the Royal Guards, such as sticks, brain hoops, horse bars, nails and fingers, which are very cruel, so it is unnecessary to describe the 18 kinds of torture by the Royal Guards.

How was the Royal Guards selected? What kind of strict law is it?

When it comes to the selection of the Royal Guards, many people think that it is enough to select some vagrants and hooligans, which can hold the town back. It's actually wrong. The selection of Royal Guards is precisely to eliminate hooligans and hooligans. The person they choose must pass the "political examination", the criminal record must be absolutely innocent, and the ancestors must be three generations of good people.

Someone asked, Jin Yiwei didn't do what a good man should do. That depends on how you train them. In fact, as long as a person is absolutely loyal, it is enough for the emperor. All you have to do is say to him, "This is an order, you have to obey it", and he will do it even if he doesn't want to.

Good people are often more easily manipulated than bad people, because good people are more easily bound by various rules and bad people are more uncontrollable.

Wei Jinyi is the emperor's personal guard and honor guard, composed of a general, a captain and Lux. The captain is in charge of the halogen book and umbrella cover, and Lux holds the golden drum and flag.

When the emperor travels, it is the face of the emperor who walks on both sides with an umbrella. So be tall and handsome, walk with dignity, and don't be timid.

Of course, the Royal Guards need martial arts to protect the emperor, but it is by no means peerless. These people can fight after normal military training. They only need to select effective martial arts talents from a captain and Lux.

The Royal Guards also have different ranks. According to their ranks, they will manage some people and have different powers.

The Royal Guards have a commander, two experts, two experts, two experts, four experts, two experts, four experts, fourteen families, fourteen people, five experts, and subordinates include generals, Lux, a captain, courts and prisons.

Of course, the best thing for the Royal Guards is to engage in espionage. As a spy organization, spies and intelligence must be in place, which shows the importance of "loyalty" here.

Because espionage needs absolute secrecy, the selection of Royal Guards needs no criminal record and a group of "good people" to serve the huge tools of the empire.

The Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty were really powerful, even terrible. People in the Ming Dynasty were frightened when they heard this name.

But the terrible thing about Royal Guards is not how strong their own kung fu and ability are, but how much power they are given.

Royal Guards was an institution under the spy politics of Ming Dynasty. Originally, it was only one of the pro-guards of the Ming emperor, and it seemed nothing special.

However, the Royal Guard was directly under the command of the emperor. At first, they were only responsible for the safety of the emperor and the honor guard. They are dressed in neat flight suits, each with an embroidered switchblade. They look really dignified.

As the Royal Guards were always by the emperor's side, they gradually became the emperor's most effective helper. They slowly began to help the emperor find out information and punish illegal ministers.

The most terrible thing about Royal Guards is that they are not controlled by any department and only obey the emperor.

Although the Royal Guards are simple, they also have a clear management structure. The Supreme Commander of the Royal Guards is the commander-in-chief, and he is an official position with three principles. Under the command of Tongzhi, Shi Zhe, Zhen Fu, Qianhu and other leaders.

It's not so easy to be a Royal Guards. You have to go through very strict examinations and various assessments. First of all, you must ensure that you are a good citizen with no criminal record, and then you must go through various levels of selection and professional training, and finally the people who stay can become a Royal Guards.

Later, the main job of the Royal Guards became to monitor the ministers' every move and report any trouble to the emperor.

The reason why ministers are so afraid of the Royal Guards is that the Royal Guards are not controlled by any organization except the emperor. They can directly arrest and try criminals, and they have the right of preemption.

No matter you are a powerful person or a common people, if you dare to resist the Royal Guards, you will be killed. Even officials of punishments and marble dare not provoke the Royal Guards.

Another "awesome" feature of Royal Guards is that it has its own special prison, also called "Imperial Prison". Basically, people who go to imperial prison will never come back. Because the punishment here is so horrible that basically no one can stand it.

Whether you are a senior official of the villain or a loyal minister. Because the purpose of the Royal Guards is to kill 1,000 people by mistake, not to spare one person.

On the surface, it seems that the efficiency of Royal Guards is really high, but it has also produced many unjust, false and wrong cases.

After all, the Royal Guards are only a ruling tool of the emperor. They have the supreme power of life and death, and no one in the world is not afraid of them. However, this spy political organization also had a great influence and harm on the Ming Dynasty.

Because of the existence of the Royal Guards, the laws and authority of the Ming Dynasty became chicken ribs. So in the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Royal Guards to be cancelled and their terrible instruments of torture were burned in public.

But once this thing starts, it will surely revive in the future. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the emperors behind the Ming Dynasty still liked to treat the Royal Guards as eyes and ears, which was also the reason why the Ming court was afraid of the Royal Guards.

Wei Jinyi was the only military and political intelligence agency in the Ming Dynasty. Its predecessor was Gong Weisi, founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Taizu, and later it was renamed "Pro-military Dewey House". The Royal Guards directly obey the emperor, and can arrest anyone, including royalty, for closed trial.

Most of the Royal Guards choose men who are dignified and brave and have no criminal record.

As a military spy agency directly under the Emperor, Jinyiwei is mainly responsible for secretly protecting the safety of the Emperor, investigating, arresting and interrogating civil and military officials and relatives of the country, and also participating in the work of collecting military intelligence and turning against enemy generals (such as collecting a large amount of Japanese military intelligence in the Wanli Korean War). How powerful is this Royal Guards? For example, the emperor wanted to know what an official did on a certain day, what food he ate, who he ate with and what he said during the meal, all of which were recorded by the fangs of the Royal Guards. It can be said that throughout the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years, the military institution of Royal Guards has always existed. At that time, it can be said that the Royal Guards did everything they could to help the emperor. No matter what official you are, as long as you don't listen, you will all be arrested and tried for murder, which also shows the horror of the Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty.

The Royal Guard, formerly known as Gong Weisi, is responsible for guarding, patrolling and arresting them. It is divided into north and south town government departments, and the north town government department specializes in prison administration. The Royal Guards are generally military commanders, and Zhu Yuanzhang called them jackals. The main purpose is to cut thorns for children and grandchildren and ensure peace of mind after death. Killing people has a purpose. If you break the law, kill them if you don't break the law, and kill them if they are reasonable or unreasonable. Royal Guards was established to report dirty things in a planned way, falsely accuse the company systematically, and use extra-legal punishment more conveniently. When the criminal arrived in Beizhen, all kinds of instruments of torture, confessions and charges were written, and no complaints were allowed. Only the tortured person signed it, signed it. No matter who enters here, there will be no miracle of coming out alive.

Jin Yiwei and Dongchang were both secret service agencies of the Ming Dynasty. The only thing you don't need to be afraid of when you see a flying suit is the emperor. Embroidered Spring Knife can kill anyone except the emperor and directly obey the emperor. Responsible for monitoring domestic people and officials, protecting the safety of the emperor and spying on the enemy. Similar to the work of the army and the Secret Service, the head of the Royal Guards is naturally equivalent to the person who wears the boss. The influence of the Royal Guards can be seen from the military system.

But everything has two sides, and the obedience of the Royal Guards East Factory to the emperor is the weapon of rule. However, it would be terrible if the head of the Royal Guards had second thoughts. This is the reason why the Ming dynasty was stronger than the factory guard and lost to the factory guard.

The power of the Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty was still very great, and the Royal Guards also had the right to judge cases and execute them. However, the power of ministers in the Ming Dynasty was superior to that of monarchs. As long as the literati generally don't strongly demand super-friendship with women who are related to the emperor and the country, the Royal Guards generally don't ask. In addition, hongzhi emperor also suppressed the Royal Guards and the East Factory.

The Royal Guards directly obey the emperor and can arrest anyone. The Royal Guards have their own prisons, which are either loyal to important people or wicked people. Once you are targeted by the Royal Guards, you can only give in easily. If you resist, you will be killed on the spot. The Royal Guards have eyes all over the country. Even the emperor knows what ministers eat at night. There are 18 sets of common punishments in the imperial edict of the Royal Guards.

Royal Guards was born in the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, and the period of Judy was the most glorious period of Royal Guards. In the later period of Judy, due to the excessive power of the Royal Guards, Judy set up the East Factory with a group of eunuchs in order to restrict the Royal Guards. Thanks to the efforts of these eunuchs, the Royal Guards were slowly suppressed, so that in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it was a thing of the past for the Royal Guards to kneel when they saw eunuchs in the East Factory.

The Ming Dynasty occupies an extraordinary position in the history of China. First, it was the last ancient feudal dynasty established by the Han nationality. Secondly, it is the most backbone dynasty in the history of China. Compared with the so-called most powerful Han and Tang dynasties, the Ming Dynasty is not inferior. Take the case that Emperor Chongzhen was beaten to the door by Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty. He obviously had the opportunity to move the capital or escape, but he felt ashamed of his ancestors and finally chose to hang himself in Jingshan Park. This is a far cry from the fact that the later Qing Emperor Xianfeng ignored the warehouse madness twice, causing Beijing people to flee from Beijing, and the later Qing Emperor Puyi dragged out an ignoble existence and recognized the thief as the father of the Japanese invaders. "The emperor defends the country, and the monarch dies." This may be the highest evaluation of the Ming Dynasty.

How powerful was the Royal Guards of the Ming Dynasty? China has experienced a history of 5,000 years, and many dynasties have changed. 135 1 year, the peasant uprising broke out, 1368, and Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty. In order to strengthen the monarchical power, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the prime minister system and set up many institutions, one of which was called Jinyiwei. Everyone should have heard of the Japanese spies in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but compared with the Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty, those Japanese spies are really dwarfed.

The Royal Guards of the Ming Dynasty specialized in collecting information. As the military organization of the Imperial Guard, the main function of the Royal Guards is to "command the guards, inspect and arrest them". Its leader is called the Commander of the Royal Guards, who is generally served by the emperor's close military commander and is directly responsible to the emperor. You can arrest anyone, including the royal family, and hold a secret trial. The information collected by Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty was extremely poor. Song Lian, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty, once invited friends to dinner at home. When he went to court the next day, Zhu Yuanzhang asked him who he invited to dinner with his friends yesterday and what he ate. Song Lian answered one by one. Then Zhu Yuanzhang took out the Song Lian family dinner picture drawn by the Royal Guards last night, and drew it clearly, including who was sitting there, who was the food and what was the food in that position. When Song Lian saw it, he broke out in a cold sweat, showing how powerful the Royal Guards were in the Ming Dynasty.

I don't know. I don't know. I was shocked at first sight. I didn't expect the Royal Guards of the Ming Dynasty to be so powerful. However, at that time, it can be said that the Royal Guards tried their best to help the emperor. No matter what official you are, as long as you don't listen, you will all be arrested and tried for murder, which also shows the horror of the Royal Guards in the Ming Dynasty.

"The Royal Guards are handling the case, so get out of the way!"

Wearing a flying fish suit and embroidered with a switchblade at the waist.

Wei Jinyi was a famous secret service in Ming Dynasty. Its predecessor was "Gong Weisi" set up by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and later it was renamed as "Pro-military Dudufu", which was in charge of the ceremonial duties and guards of Yiluan and the emperor.

In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the pro-army Dewey House and Yiluan Division were abolished and changed to Royal Guards.

As the military organization of the emperor's bodyguard, Zhu Yuanzhang specially put him in charge of the prison in order to strengthen the centralized rule, and gave him the power to inspect and arrest. He also set up the town supervision department to engage in reconnaissance, arrest and interrogation.

In other words, the emperor is the only one who gives orders to the Royal Guards.

Second, the functions of the Royal Guards.

Royal Guards was originally a military organization.

The leader of the Royal Guards is called the Commander-in-Chief, who is a general close to the emperor and rarely a eunuch.

Its function is to "take charge of the guard, inspect and arrest", that is, some people are responsible for taking charge of the guard, showing etiquette and accompanying the emperor to patrol, which is basically no different from the traditional guard.

Although these people are called "generals", they are actually only responsible for standing guard in the temple, and their rights are not very great. They are just justified, responsible for conveying the emperor's orders and doing security work.

These people are not idle people. They are tall and burly, full of aura and loud voices. From the outside, they are quite dignified and have a certain deterrent effect on people.

The Royal Guards are responsible for "patrolling", which is the special feature that distinguishes the Royal Guards from other guards in different dynasties.

In other words, it is somewhat similar to the FBI in the United States now. In China, we should take care of everything, big and small.

The original intention of Zhu Yuanzhang's establishment of the Royal Guards was to perform ceremonial ceremonies. Later, because of his wanton slaughter of heroes, he was afraid that his world would be unstable. He believes that the judicial institutions such as the Ministry of Punishment, Dali Temple and Duchayuan are not easy to use. In order to cultivate his own killer, he upgraded the security function of the Royal Guards, making it the emperor's private police.

As a military spy agency directly under the Emperor, Jinyiwei is mainly responsible for secretly protecting the safety of the Emperor, investigating, arresting and interrogating civil and military officials and relatives of the country, and also participating in the work of collecting military intelligence and turning against enemy generals (such as collecting a large amount of Japanese military intelligence in the Wanli Korean War). How powerful is this Royal Guards? For example, the emperor wanted to know what an official did on a certain day, what food he ate, who he ate with and what he said during the meal, all of which were recorded by the fangs of the Royal Guards. It can be said that throughout the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years, the military institution of Royal Guards has always existed.

The Royal Guards have a strict hierarchy, which is mainly divided into general, captain and lux. These generals were originally called "Tianwu" and were renamed "General Dahan" in Yongle period, and those who were dignified and brave were chosen as the guardians of the temple. Captain A and Lux choose men who are healthy and have no criminal record. The captain is in charge of the halogen book and umbrella cover, and Lux holds the golden drum and flag. On weekdays, when there is no activity in the meeting, the guards are on duty at the four gates of the imperial city, but the general security guards are guarded around the meridian gate, with a total of *** 100 people. The meridian gate is the main entrance of Miyagi, which shows the high status of the Royal Guards.

At first, the Royal Guards were normal, but with "protecting the safety of the emperor and the stability of the imperial power", the Royal Guards had to be nervous at any time, spying on any behavior and remarks that might threaten the imperial power and the court, and arresting and interrogating anyone who was suspected when necessary. This task was chartered by the emperor and gradually evolved into the function of military spy. Because the power of the Royal Guards is unlimited, they began to create unjust, false and wrong cases by any means to win honor. In addition, the Royal Guards have the privilege, which virtually enables them to run amok, take bribes and pervert the law, and be protected by the emperor's "barrier", resulting in social chaos. Therefore, the death of the Ming dynasty in factory guards was one of the reasons that indirectly caused the demise of the Ming dynasty.

Legend has it that once Song Lian, the founding minister of the Ming Dynasty, was honest by nature. Although he is old, he can do things well and satisfy the emperor.

One day, I came home, probably because I always got up early to go to court, and because I was old and a little tired, I wrote a poem: "When the drums beat, I didn't have time to get dressed." When can I get idyllic music and sleep until people are cooked? "

The next day, Zhu Yuanzhang saw Song Lian and said: Good poem yesterday! But I don't think you are late. Let's change it to "worry". Frightened Song Lian hurriedly bowed down and apologized.

The prime minister of the dynasty only sighed occasionally in his own home, but he didn't expect it to reach the emperor's ears the next day, showing the power of the Royal Guards.

Summary: From the establishment of the Ming Dynasty to its demise, Royal Guards have been doing all kinds of activities in the shadow, almost uninterrupted. The arbitrary arrest of officials and ministers in the DPRK greatly affected the relationship between the emperor and the bureaucrats, and divided the officials, the people and the army, which was incompatible with Germany.