(a), fish mountain Bai Fan:
Born in the fourth year of Taihe, Wei Mingdi (230), the author is Cao Zhi, Zi Zijian, the fourth son of Wei Wudi. At the age of ten, he is good at literature and art, and he changed his private system to seven tones. He is good at poetry and is one of the founders of Jian 'an literature. Proficient in melody and works, like reading Buddhist scriptures. According to the Three Treasures of Past Dynasties, which has been published for five years, he once participated in the translation of Prince Ruiying's Classic, led by the Yue poet Zhi Qian. Yushan, also known as Wushan, is located in Xibali, Dong 'e County, Shandong Province. In the third year of Taihe, Cao Zhi was named King of East Afu Khan. According to legend, when he visited the fishing mountain in China, he heard Sanskrit singing in the cave and planned to write tones. The deletion of Prince Rui Ying Benqi began with Ode to the Prince, and was later called Yushan Bai Fan, because the tune originated in Yushan. "Fahua Xuan Zan" Volume 4 said: "Wang climbed the fishing mountain and heard the chanting in the cave, which was clear and far-reaching, so he planned to make a sound as Brahma White." "Biography of Sanzang" Volume 13 says: "Chen Caozhi, who deeply loves melody, belongs to the sound of classics, which is not only the general cover of sound, but also the feeling of fishing mountains and gods. Therefore, the deletion and processing of sounds should be based on this. It is believed that there are more than 3,000 sounds in Scholar's Academy, and there are two in the contract. "Forty-two of them are forty-two songs. This kind of "Fish Mountain Bai Fan" appeared in a form different from Indian Buddhist music, and it produced a trend of China. It is the original sound of China and Bai Fan standard, and it belongs to China's chanting way in the Indian Declaration. This system to solve the repeated chanting of Han and Fan is called Yushan.
(2), praise the bodhisattva inexpensive sentence:
The abbreviation "Lianju Fanbai" refers to the writing of money. Zhi Qian, whose real name is the descendant of Yue people who entered China after Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty. Influenced by Chinese culture since childhood, he became proficient in Sanskrit and then studied Sanskrit. The production time is similar to that of Yushan, and it was made by Wu of the Three Kingdoms. Zhiqian went to Luoyang first, and in the last years of Xian Di, he avoided the chaos in the south of the Yangtze River and granted Sun Quan. This person is knowledgeable and proficient in astronomy, divination, yin and yang, five elements, temperament, literature and so on. Known as the "think tank", he mainly translated classics for 30 years from the first year of Huang Wu (222) to the second year of Jianxing (253). During this period, according to the contents of the Infinite Life Sutra and the Benqi Sutra, three contracts of "Lian Song Bodhisattva" were formulated, which were widely circulated in the south of the Yangtze River. His creation has a great influence on the development of white art.
(3). Muddy Bai Fan:
It is the third time after the appearance of the first two Brahma, and it was taught by Wudu Jiankang Kangsanghui. It is named after the content comes from the Reverse Ring Classic. Kang Sanghui lived in Tianzhu, went to China to do business with his father, and later became a monk. Wu Chiwu went to Jianxing (Jiankang) in the tenth year (247), mainly engaged in the translation of classics. The Biography of a Monk says that "Bai Fan is full of mud and sand" is a model for a generation. 」
(4) brahman big track:
Li Luo, a monk from the Western Regions in the late Western Jin Dynasty, has lived in Jiankang Jianchu Temple since he came to China. This person is aloof and does not learn Jin language. "I did three deeds of Hu Bai and recited thousands of words in Sanskrit Lingyun. My voice is Gao Chang, and my face is the same. Then I waved my hand and accepted my tears, very proud. He also taught his disciples to find a calendar and recited it aloud today. Li Li was a Brahma monk in Jiangnan. The name "Loud Bai Fan" does not mean the content and theme, nor the genre and form, but the vocal characteristics of Bai Fan.
⑤ Six-character Sanskrit:
Made of ebony, a branch of the country of the East Jin Dynasty and the Moon. I went straight to Huqiu Mountain (Suzhou) at the beginning of ancient times, and built a temple at the beginning of Jianye at the beginning of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and changed the method of winning, and then created Bai Fan with six characters, which was popular at that time. There is a book called "Good Reading" in the Biography of Monks in March. I once dreamed that the gods gave it a sound method. I feel that the Sanskrit sound is clear and boring because of the new sound, but I turned around after flying for four times. Although it was first changed in East Asia, it was built after Kang Hui and it is always in circulation. It was not as wonderful as it was at the beginning, but it was handed down later. I didn't steal it, so I made a six-character Sanskrit. Six-character Brahma was adopted and recorded by later generations' Qing Gui and Chanmen Riyong.
In the early days of Bai Fan, China, except Cao Zhi, all the writers and lecturers in Bai Fan came from the Western Regions. They are proficient in and use Sanskrit, because most countries in the ancient western regions use Sanskrit, and only Bai Fan's tunes need to be changed into Chinese when they are taught or produced, but all the melodies are in Sanskrit, and China's melodies and tunes are not used. The so-called Brahma-China differences in melody and melody are just some differences in production methods.
In the past, India was collectively referred to as the Twelve Classics of Singing, regardless of its length, it was called "Tianzhu Custom", and all singing methods were called Bai. In this land, chanting is called reading, and singing hymns is called Sanskrit. In the past, praising Heaven was all about rhyme, and the princes were against the customs, so it was better to use music. "After Bai Fan came to China, he changed the long sentences of singing to reading aloud. White refers to singing praise, so it is also called praise. As Hui Jiao said, "The songs of eastern countries also rhyme to become hymns. Western praise is also harmonious. Although the complex song is praised as special, it is the secret to reconcile the statutes and charm the palace merchants. Therefore, if you play a song on a stone, you will feel funny. If you praise the orchestral, you will feel white. "and" Fa Yuan "Volume 36" White Praise ",Shi Tao said:" There is white in the west and praise in the east. Praise is from words to sounds, and praise is short and short, which is different from real name. Therefore, as the saying goes: Agree with Ford in an implicit voice, also known as Zeus.