The history of psychological counseling. Academic background of psychological counseling. (1), the development of psychometrics The first scholar who directly promoted the test movement was the British biologist Gao Erdun. ② Research on children's behavior correction. Since 1896, wertheimer has established an experimental psychology laboratory in Baynmore College and actively participated in the work of the Pennsylvania Training School for Mentally Retarded Children. In the same year, wertheimer founded the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania, which is the first child behavior correction clinic in the world. This event became a symbol of clinical psychology.