As a symbol of modern traffic, expressway was born not because of social and economic needs, but because of the requirements of war. In 1930s, Germany launched World War II. In order to implement the blitzkrieg strategy, it built a 3,900-kilometer multi-lane expressway. As soon as expressway appeared, it played a great role. At that time, the commander-in-chief of the French army thought that it would take three days for the Germans to reach the attack site at the earliest, but relying on the rapid traffic in expressway, the Germans reached the front line in only one day and bypassed maginot line, and the French army collapsed instantly. After World War II, the developed countries led by the United States set off the climax of expressway's construction, and the automobile culture in western developed countries represented by the United States rose.
In 1980s, when the developed countries in the world were considering the construction of trans-regional and transnational expressway network, most people in Chinese mainland still could not understand the concept of "fully enclosed and interconnected expressway" and were used to the traditional concept of "everyone has a car on the road and everyone has a boat on the water". Relevant leaders and experts, through public opinions, promoted the construction of expressway in economically developed areas first. In fact, expressway is an inevitable product of social and economic development:
Expressway, Hu Jia
Expressway, Hu Jia
1. expressway adapts to the development of industrialization and urbanization. Cities are industrial and population gathering places, and the growth of automobiles is much faster than that in rural areas, becoming the automobile gathering center. The construction of expressway begins with urban ring roads, radial roads and busy traffic sections, and gradually becomes an urban traffic with expressway as the backbone.
2. The development of automobile technology puts forward objective requirements for the construction of expressway. Cars have become an important means of transportation in human society. Infrastructure such as expressway can meet the development trends of light and heavy vehicles, and meet the requirements of high-speed passenger cars and heavy-duty freight cars.
3. The rapid development of automobile industry and the promotion of urbanization have brought development opportunities to expressway Company. Expressway plays an important role in transportation in areas with tight railway transportation capacity and inconvenient transportation.
National situation
By 2005, more than 80 countries and regions in the world have owned expressway with a mileage of over 230,000 kilometers.
● USA
1937, the United States began to build a 257-kilometer-long Pennsylvania Tax expressway. By 20 10, the United States has about 65,438+10,000 kilometers of expressway, and has completed the expressway network with interstate highways as the core. Its total mileage accounts for about half of expressway in the world, connecting all towns with a population of over 50,000. American highway construction has a set of evaluation, planning, investment and financing, maintenance management mechanism, and each project certification takes at least two years; The investment ratio of construction funds is state government 19.6%, local counties and cities are 77.4%, and the federal government is 3%. The usual maintenance costs mainly come from the state government.