However, she is "observant and good at judging", and she has great power and can use people, so she makes talents come forth in large numbers. We also rewarded agriculture and mulberry, reformed official management, and attached importance to selecting talents. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.
In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill in bed, and only Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong served as attendants. Prime Ministers Zhang Jian, Cui Xuan and Shangshu Jinghui, Huan, Yuan, etc. He made friends with the imperial army, commanded Li Duozuo, and pretended to be two rebels.
So he launched a mutiny, led more than 500 imperial soldiers, rushed into the palace, killed two, and immediately surrounded Wu Zetian's bedroom, demanding that Wu Zetian abdicate. Wu Zetian was forced to give up the throne and Prince Li Xian, and then moved to Shangyang Palace (east of Luoyang Forbidden Garden). Li Shangxian and Wu Zetian were honored as the "Emperor of Heaven" and the Wu and Zhou Dynasties ended.
When the Tang Dynasty was restored in February, officials, flags, costumes and figures were all restored to the old system, and God was also called the East Capital.
Extended data:
Wu Zetian inherited the policy of rectifying official management and severely punishing corruption during the Zhenguan period, "consulting with the prime minister on secretariat and county orders", and sent "six envoys to inspect counties" to assess whether county officials were clean and capable.
Officials who take bribes and bend the law, regardless of their positions, will pay the price. On the contrary, for talented people, they are unconventional. Wu Zetian attaches great importance to honest and clean officials, appreciates talented and knowledgeable people and can reuse them one by one.
Because Wu Zetian can attach importance to the rectification of official management, reward and punishment are strict, reward and punishment are rewarded, and she is good at observing and judging, so she can promote talents from a wide range of talents for her own use.
As commented in Zi Tongzhi Jian: "Although Empress Dowager Cixi abused her power to win over the hearts of the people all over the world, those incompetent people will eventually be punished or punished. Ruling the world with the handle of punishment and reward, politics comes from oneself, and it is clear-sighted, so the heroes also fought for it at that time. "
Open your heart and pay attention to what is acceptable.
Wu Zetian deeply understood the importance of coachable. Among the twelve suggestions, "speaking broadly" and "telling the truth" also played an important role. In March 686, he also set up a bronze plaque in the court to encourage ministers to write books and talk about things.
Although Wu Zetian has strict decrees and severe penalties, "when I forbear, although I love him very much, I hide a lot." However, she has great respect for the subjects who dare to speak out and try to adopt their suggestions. Even if the words are offensive, she can tolerate and avoid being investigated.
During her reign, few people were convicted of direct protests, so speaking out and remonstrating became a common practice in North Korea, which played a great role in reforming the shortcomings and promoting political clarity.
Wu Zetian's achievements
1, political clarity
This is mainly manifested in Wu Zetian's advocacy of science. Can use people in different ways. During her reign, she further developed the scientific system, founded palace examination and Wuju, and ordered people above Grade 9 to bootstrap for a hundred years. Wu Zetian passed the imperial examination.
Bootstrap and others recommended it. A number of outstanding talents have been selected. Become the mainstay of the Wu Zhou regime. Such as De, Yao Chong and Song, and later became sages in the Kaiyuan period.
Lu, the prime minister of the middle Tang Dynasty, praised Wu Zetian for being good at employing people, with clear rewards and punishments. Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, also believed that Wu Zetian's administration was his own. See clearly and judge well. Therefore, it is debatable to think that Wu Zetian used cruel officials, consorts and Toy Boy, and her politics was in the dark.
2. The economy has developed.
Wu Zetian attached great importance to agricultural production and believed that the foundation of the founding of the country must be in agriculture. "If there are more people in the family, the country will be safe." Ordering people to write agricultural books
She continued to carry out the land equalization system and carried out military reclamation and farming in remote areas, with remarkable results. Attach importance to and advocate water conservancy construction. In the twenty-one years of political monopoly, there were 19 local water conservancy projects. The quality of farmland in China is also regarded as the standard of rewarding and punishing landlords and officials. These measures of Wu Zetian. Promoted the development of agricultural production.
First, the national warehouse is full of grain.
Second, the local grain storage is also very rich.
Third, the number of accounts has increased significantly.
The handicraft industry in the era of Wu Zetian was also developing. Mainly in the mining industry. Foundry and the development of textiles, agriculture and handicrafts. It also promotes the prosperity of business. Mainly manifested in the increase of cities or the development of urban trade. It also developed accordingly (see my book: Income: Sanqin Publishing House 1988).
3. Strong national strength
Since Qin and Han Dynasties, China has been a unified multi-ethnic country. Unity is the mainstream of history. The common aspiration of all ethnic groups. Therefore, to measure and evaluate any emperor's quality, merits and demerits depends on how he handles the relations between various ethnic groups and whether he can safeguard the country's territory and sovereignty.
During Wu Zetian's reign, she inherited the policy of national appeasement of Emperor Taizong and the strategy of "appeasement if you fall, and begging if you rebel". Harassment and rebellion against Tubo, Qidan, Tubo and other nobles. Take loyal opponents for example. Punitive attitude. This is a great success.
Mainly in the first year of longevity (692). Wu Zetian approved the request of Tang Xiu, governor of Xizhou, to take back the four towns of Anxi, and commended the heroes. Among many generals, he promoted Wang Xiaojie as the commander-in-chief of the whole army and the general manager of Wuwei Army, and led the army to defeat Tubo. Recover the four towns of Anxi in one fell swoop "(Qiuci. Yu Kan. Diligence Broken leaves). Make Anxi the capital of Qiuci. Send troops to guard. Strengthened the rule of the western regions.
In the second year of Chang 'an (702), in December, Wu Zetian set up the Northern Court Daduhufu in Tingzhou (the old city, now Jimsar County, Xinjiang), which was in charge of the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains respectively with Anxi Daduhu, thus safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity and promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. And enhanced friendship with the people of Central Asia.
4. Culture has developed.
When Wu Zetian was in power, editors beautified literature and history and attached importance to the construction of ancient buildings. The famous ones are Chang 'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Songshan Shaolin Temple, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Ganling, which are compatible with the three religions. In order to develop it, Wu Zetian herself abides by Confucianism, loves Taoism and believes in Buddhism. She sent someone to turn the essence of the three religions into a book. Develop imperial examinations, improve the cultural quality of bureaucrats, open court examinations, and increase the frequency and difficulty of routine examinations.
Wu Zetian once said:
1. Wu Zetian used all kinds of talents in order to consolidate her rule. At first, she advocated informers, hired cruel officials such as Suo Yuanli and Zhou Xinglai, and killed many innocent people, causing public outrage.
Wu Zetian, in turn, killed these brutal officials, offering timely help. In fact, cruel officials obey her orders. On the surface, this is a political trick. This is not commendable, but it must be admitted that most of the people who were killed at that time were the royal family of Li Tang and the founding fathers of the old dynasty, which objectively weakened the decadent gentry.
In order to maintain her power and status, Wu Zetian was cruel. Without hesitation, she killed Sun Chang Wuji, a loyal minister, poisoned her eldest son Li Hong with poisoned wine, and humiliated the famous calligrapher Chu Suiliang, the second son Li Xian, the third son Li Xian and the fourth son Li Dan.
She dared to defy her North Korean officials, such as Lai Ji, Han Yuan and Liu Ying. Give everything for the queen. Sisters like Xiao Shufei. First, he was falsely accused of many crimes, and then he suffered inhuman torture. Finally put it to death. Even their daughter survived. So there is a certain basis for saying that Wu Zetian is a tyrant. ?
2. The biggest derogatory comment on her in history is that she once owned several Toy Boy. This has become a scandal that she will never forget, and it has also become a topic of discussion among literati. So that the outstanding achievements she created were also submerged. Wu Zetian's favorite people are mainly Xue Huaiyi, Shen Nan, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong.
Generally speaking, Wu Zetian is not only an outstanding female politician. But also an outstanding female strategist. Zheng Qi opened Yuan Zhihong's Guan Zhen.
She developed the rule of Zhenguan in all directions and laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan.
Wu Zetian also has a dark side in politics and financial difficulties in economy. But compared with her historical achievements, these are secondary after all. It should also be pointed out that the economy was developed and the national strength was very strong at that time. It's not Wu Zetian's personal credit.
Due to the election of equal land system and the rise of imperial examination system. The hereditary aristocratic power declined rapidly. Small and medium-sized landlords rose sharply. A large number of bachelor of arts have devoted themselves to politics. This historical trend pushed Wu Zetian to the throne of the queen. Wu Zetian complied with the historical era and promoted the development of China history.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian