Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems were produced in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was closely related to the social and cultural background at that time. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the landlord manor economy further developed. After the Yongjia Rebellion, under the protection of the Eastern Jin regime, the gentry landlords who fled to the south set up fields and plundered land, and class contradictions became increasingly fierce.
In the ideological field, the metaphysical atmosphere of advocating nature and speaking freely is extremely prosperous, but with the widespread spread of Buddhism, Confucian classics temporarily decline. At that time, the literati often lived a decadent life, seeking spiritual sustenance from Taoism in Laozi and Zhuangzi, and some indulged in mountains and rivers in seclusion to escape from reality, so metaphysical poems and landscape poems prevailed in the literary world for a while.
On the contrary, some literati who are dissatisfied with reality feel that their careers are dark, so they quit their jobs and retire, devote themselves to food, explore the true meaning of life, seek a place for individuals to settle down, and gradually distance themselves from the ruling group, thus getting closer to the working people. Tao Yuanming is an outstanding representative among these literati. ?
Liu Zongyuan:
Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family, with little talent and high aspirations. In his early years, he was a scholar in the exam, and his writings were mainly flowery rhetoric. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and in the fourteenth year, he entered the learned poetry class and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He was a lieutenant in Lantian, then became an official in the DPRK, actively participated in the political reform of Wang Group, and was transferred to Danielle as foreign minister. Yong Zhenyuan (805) in September, the innovation failed, and Shaozhou was demoted as a secretariat.
1 1 month, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima (now Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). During this period, he wrote the famous Eight Notes of Yongzhou (Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Hills Banquet, Notes on Western Hills in Cobalt Pool, Notes on Western Hills in Cobalt Pool, Notes on Xiaoshitang, Notes on Yuan Jiake, Notes on Shiqu and Notes on Stone Canyon).
Yuan He returned to the capital in the spring of the 10th year of Yuan He (8 15), and was soon demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou with outstanding achievements. Xian Zongyuan died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the 14th year (819165438+1October 28th). He is very friendly. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are his good friends.
Extended data
In ancient China, there were many stories about refusing to eat because of maintaining personality and integrity. Tao Yuanming's "five buckets of rice don't fold" is one of the most representative examples.
Tao Yuanming was a great poet and celebrity in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his great-grandfather was a famous Eastern Jin. When Tao Yuanming was young, he had the ambition of "benefiting people all his life", but in the turbulent era when the country was on the verge of collapse, his ambition could not be realized at all.
In addition, his personality is honest and frank, honest and honest, and he doesn't want to grovel and cling to the powerful, so he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society and has a feeling of being out of place.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tao Yuanming