Founded in 1554, Sao Paulo is the largest city in South America and the capital of Sao Paulo. It is located in the southeast of the state. It is 760 meters above sea level, with an area of 1493 square kilometers and an urban population of17.4 million. The Holy City is the industrial, commercial and financial center of Brazil. Output value and industrial output value account for 50% and 70% of the state's total output value and industrial output value respectively. The main industries are machinery, automobiles, electrical parts and light industry. In addition, there are medicine, plastics, tobacco and publishing and printing. There are 225,000 enterprises of all kinds in the city, and 30 of the 50 largest enterprises in China are here. There are 5037 banks and branches, and the bank employees account for 65438 of the employed population. 1 1 There are 10 many modern shopping centers and more than 800 markets here. Shi Sheng's industrial employment accounts for 20% of the country. Shi Sheng is also the largest foreign trade base in South America.
1984, China set up a consulate general in Sao Paulo. 1988, Shi Sheng and Shanghai became sister cities. About170,000 overseas Chinese live in Sao Paulo, and many China companies set up offices here.
2. Iguazu (Foz do Igua? u)
Iguazu is located at the junction of parana river and Iguazu River at the junction of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. "Iguazu" means "Dashui" in Guarani language of India. The city covers an area of 630 square kilometers (20% in Iguazu National Park and 30% in Itaipu Lake). The urban area is 85 square kilometers, with an altitude of 183 meters and a population of 250,000. Annual average temperature. It is coldest in July, with an average temperature of 14.6.
C annual rainfall 17 12mm, and annual average humidity of 80%.
Iguazu is the second largest tourist center in Brazil, receiving about 7 million tourists every year. Local residents are mainly engaged in commerce and tourism. At present, Yitaipu Hydropower Station, the largest hydropower station in the world, is 0/2km away from the urban area/kloc-0, and the famous Iguazu Waterfall is 28km away from the urban area. The city is only 6.5 kilometers away from Orientale, Paraguay (about 6 million people in Brazil go shopping in Orientale every year) and 65,400 kilometers away from Puerto Iguazu, Argentina.
There are about 3,000 overseas Chinese in Iguazu, most of whom are doing business in the East on the Paraguayan side and living in Iraq.
Iguazu falls
Iguazu Falls is located on the Iguazu River on the border between Brazil and Argentina. It was formed 65.438+0.2 billion years ago and was discovered by the Spanish in 654.38+0.542. It consists of 275 waterfalls, the largest of which has a drop of 90 meters and a velocity of 654.38+0.500 cubic meters per second, and is called "the devil's throat". Three quarters of the waterfalls are in Argentina.
Yitaipu Hydropower Station Dam
Itaipu Hydropower Station is located in parana river (the fifth largest river in the world, with an annual runoff of 725 billion cubic meters), north of Iguazu 12km. It is the largest hydropower station in the world at present, which is jointly built by Brazil and Paraguay, and the generator set and power generation are divided equally between the two countries. At present, there are 18 generator sets (each).
Itaipu means "singing stone" in Hindi. The construction of Yitaipu Hydropower Station was started on June/KOOC-0/974, June/KOOC-0/7 and completed on May 6/KOOC-0/99/KOOC-0/7. The main dam of hydropower station is concrete hollow gravity type. Length 1, 500 meters. The right side is connected with the 770-meter-long arc concrete big head dam. On the left, it connects with the spillway. The floodgate is 483m long, with a maximum flood discharge of 62,200m/s. Rock-fill dams and earth dams are also connected on both banks, with a total dam length of 7,853m, a water level drop of118.4m and a reservoir area of 65,438.
Yitaipu Hydropower Project was consulted by San Francisco International Engineering Company and Milan Power Consulting Company, Italy. During the period of 197 1974, key designs such as master plan, diversion project and selection of hydro-generator set were completed. All the generator sets are made in Brazil by a joint venture between Germany and Brazil. The Brazilian and Paraguayan governments set up Itaipu joint venture to develop Itaipu hydropower station. Responsible for construction, operation and management. The relevant agreements signed by the two governments clearly stipulate the major issues of hydropower stations. Brazil and Paraguay have different power frequencies, and the units belonging to Brazil and Paraguay use 60 Hz and 50 Hz respectively. The high voltage AC transmission line is 750 kV. Paraguay can only consume 2% of the power generated by hydropower stations at present, so the remaining 48% must be sold to Brazil within 50 years, and can be freely resold after 50 years.
Itaipu affiliated company registered US$ 6,543.8+billion, and the power companies of the two countries each provided half of the property rights of the hydropower station. Brazil is responsible for raising 99% of the construction funds. The total investment of hydropower station construction is $23.4 billion, including engineering investment1124 million and interest expenditure1.21.60 million. The electricity price of hydropower station is determined by paying off the principal and interest in 50 years (1974-2023) (still in USD). In the meantime, you can borrow new debts to pay off old debts. The payment of loan principal and interest accounts for 70% of the operation and management fee of hydropower station.
Since 199 1, the annual power generation income of Yitaipu Hydropower Station is about 2.3 billion US dollars.
3. Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro is the capital of Rio de Janeiro, located in the south of the state, inside Guanabara Bay, with an altitude of 2.3 meters, an area of 1.250 square kilometers and a population of about 5.5 million. It is the second largest city in Brazil, with an average annual minimum temperature of 17℃ and a maximum temperature of 36℃. Rio was built in 1565658.
Rio de Janeiro means "the river in January" in Portuguese. 150 1 1 Portuguese navigator 10. When we arrived here in October, we mistakenly thought that Guanabara Bay was the estuary of the great river, hence the name. Rio is a famous tourist destination in Brazil and even the world with beautiful scenery. The main attractions are Jesus Mountain, Bread Mountain and Nitroy Bridge. Its quantity and extension are the highest in the world. There are 72 beaches in the city, two of which are the most famous beaches: Copa cabannes Beach and Ibanema Beach. Rio is known as the "Carnival Capital", and Brazil holds the most distinctive carnival here every year.
1986 Rio de Janeiro and Beijing are sister cities. 1992 China establishes consulate general in Rio. About 5,000 overseas Chinese live in Rio, and many China companies have offices here.
Corcaud Bashan Mountain Area (Corcoba Duo)
Bashan Mountain in Corcaud (also known as Mount Jesus) is 765,438+00 meters high and is located in Tiruca National Park in Rio. There is a statue of Jesus on the top of the mountain, with two arms open and shaped like a cross, so it is also called Jesus Mountain. This huge statue of Jesus can be seen in every corner of the city and is one of the symbols of Rio. The statue was built in 193 1 year, with a height of 30 meters (equivalent to the distance between the fingertips of the left and right hands of 28 meters; The two arms cover an area of about 38 square meters and weigh 1 14 tons; The base area of the statue is 100 square meter.
Bread mountain (p? Oh, Ade? ucar)
This mountain is named for its shape like French bread. Located at the entrance of Guanabara Bay, it is one of the symbols of Rio. It is 394 meters high. Climbing to the top can give you a panoramic view of Rio. There are two slightly lower peaks adjacent to Bread Mountain-Goumian Mountain and Urka Mountain, and the heights of both peaks are 215m. 65,438+0565, Rio City was built between these two mountains, and it is still at the foot of the mountain.
4. Brasilia (Brasilia)
Historically, Brazil has established its capital in two coastal cities, El Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. In order to develop the mainland, President Kubitschek decided to move the capital to the mainland in 1956. 1957, infrastructure construction started. After three years and seven months, a modern city Brasilia was built in the interior of Brazil.
Brasilia is the seat of the federal government and the federal district.
Federal) covers an area of 5822 square kilometers, belonging to 19 urban area and satellite city, with a total population of about 2 million. Joaquim is the current head of the Federal District.
Roriz). 1.998 GDP is $2 1 billion, accounting for 2.73% of the whole country. The economy is dominated by the service industry, accounting for about 90% of the output value of the Federal District; Industry accounts for 10%, mainly for construction and cement manufacturing.
Brasilia is located in the central plateau of Brazil, with an altitude of 1 158 meters and a pleasant climate. The whole year is divided into rainy season and dry season, with an average annual maximum temperature of 29.3℃, minimum temperature of 17. 1℃ and annual rainfall of1603mm.
Brasilia is famous for its unique architecture, and its overall construction plan is designed by architect Lucio Costa (L? Congress of industrial organizations.
rib
) done. On a brightly lit night, from the sky, Brasilia looks like a giant plane flying eastward. The whole city unfolds along two vertical axes: a highway axis extending from north to south to the wing and a monument axis extending from east to west to the fuselage. The nose is a tripartite, the fuselage is the seat of government agencies, and the wing is a modern three-dimensional expressway. On the left of square of the three powers is the Presidential Palace, and on the right is the Federal Supreme Court. Opposite the square are the Senate and the House of Representatives. The conference halls of the two houses are like two big bowls, with the bowl of the House of Representatives facing upwards. The bowl of the Senate is facing down, which symbolizes "concentration of public opinion". The two 28-story buildings of the National Assembly are connected in an H-shape, which is the initials of the Portuguese word "Man". The Parliament Building, the Federal Supreme Court, the Presidential Palace and the Crystal Palace of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in square of the three powers are the landmark buildings of Brasilia. On February 7th, UNESCO declared Brasilia as +0987+65438.
The tallest building in Brasilia is the TV Tower, which is 224 meters high and 100 meter lower than the Eiffel Tower in Paris. It is the fourth tallest tower in the world, weighing 378 tons. The observation deck of the tower is located at 75 meters and can accommodate 150 people. Visitors can take the elevator to the stage for free. There is a handicraft market around the tower every weekend.
Paranhoa Lake in the city is an artificial lake, cut off by four rivers and shaped like a "human", with an area of nearly 40 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 4,965.438 million cubic meters, which has the function of regulating climate. The population of the lake area is about 500,000. The lakeshore is 80 kilometers long and there are 45 entertainment and sports clubs along the coast.
There are 464 primary schools, 84 middle schools, 10 universities, 15 theaters, 20 cinemas, 13 museums and 19 art galleries in Brasilia.
5. Manaus.
Manaus, the capital of Amazon, is located at the intersection of Heihe River and Solimans River (a tributary of Amazon River), with an area of 14337 square kilometers and a population of10.5 million. The city is located in the Amazon Plain, with a latitude of 3 degrees south. It is wet and rainy all the year round. The annual average temperature is 26℃, the highest is 35.6℃, the lowest is 18.5℃, and the annual average rainfall is 2500mm. The industries in this city are mainly metallurgy, electronics and machinery. The city has the largest floating wharf in the world, with a total length of 13 13m. Agricultural products mainly include citrus, papaya and other fruits. There are 4 institutions of higher learning, 370 middle schools, 72 primary schools and 24 hospitals.
Manaus is a famous tourist city. Its main attractions include the Customs Building (bricks and tiles are imported from Britain), Manaus Grand Theatre and Indian Museum. 80 kilometers away from the city is a wild tropical rain forest.
the Amazon
The Amazon River originates from the Cordillera Mountains in central Peru, with a total length of 67,565,438+0 km and a territory of 365,438+065 km in Brazil. The river is wide and there are many tributaries, and the basin area and flow rate rank first in the world, accounting for 20% of the total fresh water in the world. The Amazon Plain, which is impacted by the Amazon River, covers an area of 7.05 million square kilometers, and most of it is located in Brazil. Amazon basin is suitable for plant growth and has vast virgin forests. There are more than 20,000 kinds of plants, which are rich in high-quality wood and are known as "the lungs of the earth". The upper reaches of the Amazon River consist of Heihe River and Solimans River. Suohe River is yellow, and Heihe River is dark brown. Because of the different specific gravity and flow velocity, the two rivers alternate with black and yellow at the intersection for dozens of kilometers, which do not interfere with each other and become a big landscape.