1. Basic information of the July 7th Incident:
In order to occupy China, the Japanese army launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. From June 65438 to June 0937, Japanese troops stationed in Fengtai held military exercises continuously. 1On the night of July 7th, 937, the Japanese army in Lugouqiao held a so-called military exercise near the military position in China without informing the local authorities, claiming that a Japanese soldier was missing during the exercise and asked to enter wanping county (now Lugouqiao Town) in the southwest of Beiping for a search. Defender China rejected this request. The Japanese army opened fire on the Lugouqiao area and attacked the defenders of China in the city. The 2 19 Regiment of the 37th Division of China Defender 29 army counterattacked. This opened the prelude to China's comprehensive War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Chinese and Japanese defenders fought fiercely in Lugouqiao, and Japan sent a large number of reinforcements to attack Tianjin and Beijing on a large scale. Tong, the deputy commander of 29 army, and Zhao, the division commander of 132, died successively. In July, Tianjin fell.
On the morning of July 8, the Japanese army surrounded Wanping County and launched an attack on the defenders of China in Lugouqiao. The officers and men of the National Revolutionary Army in 29 army, China, fought back. The platoon leader sank to the front line to direct the operation and finally died. Only four people of the company stationed in the north of Lugouqiao survived, and the others died heroically.
Second, the information and political background of the July 7th Incident:
As early as the Meiji Restoration, while establishing the modern Mikado system, Japan quickly embarked on the path of militarism and formulated a mainland policy with China and North Korea as the main targets. At the beginning of the 20th century, Japan replaced Russia after the Russo-Japanese War, expanded its colonial power in the northeast of China, stationed the Kwantung Army, established the colonial organization Nanman Railway Company, and used the northeast as the base for colonial expansion in China.
During the First World War, Japan expanded its attack on China, sent troops to Shandong, and coerced Yuan Shikai to accept Article 21 of China. After World War I, Japan got rid of the political and economic crisis by plundering China, North Korea and other Asian countries, and made a careful plan for the China issue at the Oriental Conference in 1927. 1931September 18, the Japanese launched the September 18th Incident and attacked the northeast of China, occupying the whole northeast in just over three months. The following year, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai (the 28 th Incident), captured a large area of land in North China, threatened Ping Jin, established Manchukuo in Northeast China, and engaged in autonomy movement in North China, hoping to occupy these areas for a long time. 1936 After the national policy benchmark of Japan's overall strategic plan came out, Japan held a general officer's exercise, explaining to the general officers who participated in the exercise the war deployment of launching a full-scale war against China.
Third, the geographical background of the July 7th Incident data:
Lugou Bridge is located on Yongding River, about15km southwest of Beiping City. It is not only the hub of the south, but also the throat of Beijing. It has been an important transportation hub and cargo distribution center since ancient times. According to historical records, since the Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of the Central Plains has to stop at Lugou Bridge, which is the only way for Beijing to enter and leave the hinterland of the Central Plains. Once the Japanese invaders occupy Lugou Bridge, Beijing will be a dead city and North China will be at your fingertips. Wanping Ancient City, built at 1640, is a military fortress to defend Beijing. As a result, the Japanese army attacked the garrison, and the Japanese army resisted at Lugouqiao, which opened the prelude to the Sino-Japanese War.