? Let me start by saying why I wrote this article. The reason is that I am making a product in the education industry. This cross-border career requires hard work and the courage to challenge. Then in some speeches, I began to refine myself. In the past experience, I found that "courage" accompanied me like a birthmark, so I especially wanted to find out its definition and "development" process. Therefore, the exploration of "courage" began.
As a "get" deep user, I am used to searching in the paid column. Columnists have talked about "courage", but I still can't sum it up in one sentence. I tried to let the teacher's notes and cases run through my experience and cognition, but it didn't work. It seems that the quality of "courage" does not need to be defined, it is born in the blood, just awakening rather than cultivating; You can only understand, not explain.
? That is, I think it is necessary to study the subject of "courage". I foresaw it, and I did encounter many obstacles, but I also gained a lot on the way to exploration. Because this is really a journey of courage exploration for "courage" This is also a change for you who opened this article, and courage came into being. )
Let's take a look at the definitions of "Yong" and "Qi" in Xinhua Dictionary.
We only take out relevant notes:
"Brave": 1, have the courage to do it; Brave | brave | brave | brave. Extension is not afraid of evasion, not shirking: dare to admit mistakes.
"Qi": 5. People's mental state: courage | vitality | "momentum": some kind of strength and posture shown by (people and things).
Look at the notes in the Chinese dictionary again;
The verve. Courage | lack of courage.
Well, the initial cognition is formed: when we are preparing or practicing, our mental state is emitted; A feeling of some kind of strength and posture shown by people and things.
This kind of cognition is well understood by everyone, but the definition is vague. Next, let's see if we have the courage to feel the picture.
In Courage, a picture book written by American children's writers, dozens of pages of illustrations and short words tell us what courage is. Opening this book is like going back to childhood, when I showed courage, but I didn't know it was called courage. ?
Courage is the first time to ride a bike without training wheels.
Courage is the first time you ride a bike without a safety wheel.
Courage can be big or small, it is contained in our words and deeds, and it is not as far away as we think. ...
There are many kinds of courage.
The great kind. Some are awesome.
And the daily kind. Some of them are ordinary.
Courage is that you are responsible for checking the movement in the room at night.
Courage is getting rid of bad habits. Courage is getting rid of bad habits.
Courage is loving it, but not taking it off. Courage is appreciation, not plucking.
Courage is grass that breaks through the ground under ice and snow. Courage is a blade of grass breaking through the cold snow.
In short, no matter what kind-courage is courage. Nevertheless, courage is courage-no matter what kind of courage. "
"There are pictures and words of conquering mountains, exploring space, exploring the deep sea, starting from scratch and determined to become firefighters or policemen. This is the courage that meets our psychological expectations, unlike the ordinary courage before. These courage are not easy to achieve. Bernard wants to tell us that we should take it step by step. With the accumulation of courage before, it is not so far away to have these courage. "
Although he didn't give a specific definition, maybe you and I have got the message, whether it's children or parents. Sow a seed for ignorant children and inspire them; Try to make parents accept their past and explore their inner courage. If you are an adult, you may already know what courage is. Courage grows, from small to large, and it is a kind of accumulation from point to surface. Courage is an epiphany, something you believe will exist. It is linear and moldable, and it is a process from simple to complex and from simple to profound. It also takes courage for the brain to improve its cognition.
Can we define and summarize them now? Is there a connection between the understanding of Chinese and western thinking? Is your understanding of courage thorough enough? Can it be falsified?
I still have a lot: I don't understand where the grass's courage comes from, how it comes from, and how it is expressed. I don't understand how people who explore space and dive into the deep sea do it, what their mental journey is, and whether there are any executable methods for us to learn and refer to. Similarly, many people around me don't understand why I cross the desert, hike Tibet, bungee jump and skydive.
I also want to talk about the understanding of courage, but this requires us to continue to explore, and now we have taken a small step. It was difficult for me to search words and organize documents at first, because there was no way and I didn't know how to do it. Reflect on yourself: it is because of strangeness. If we humans don't think about the unknown and the concept of chaos, it will be difficult for us to reach or not realize its existence.
So I am very grateful to Teacher Luo Zhenyu for "getting", a product that pays for knowledge; I also thank Mr. Li Xiaolai for teaching us the concept that the best input is your own output, not becoming a group. And many columnists, such as Wu Jun, Wu Bofan and Classical, who taught us how to know ourselves in a higher and more diverse dimension and interpret life and society; Of course, there are teachers such as Chen and others, who taught me "how to heal myself", "find myself" and goals and directions. What I can search and write now, to a great extent, is to learn "The Joy of Search" interpreted by Wang Weigang, which contains many key search skills and knowledge. Exploration itself requires courage, because it makes us face ignorance.
This is beside the point. Let's keep exploring. Try to find the source of courage.
Explore the origin of courage in western culture;
The Latin root of "courage" is cor.
It means "heart", which evolved from it. The original definition is: tell a story sincerely and tell everyone the story of' who are you'. "Show yourself wholeheartedly", including your own imperfections, which is courage.
Other Latin: animus fortitudo ferocitas? Confidential? Odassia? It also means "courage".
After screening, find these groups of words.
Confidentia: the meaning of confidence and courage;
Audacia: meaning fearless and courageous (later translated into audacity)； in English);
When it is used as an adjective or verb. fortitudo？ Brave; Courage.
Ferocitas: show great courage (deeper); Can express the idea of being brave and good at fighting.
Animus: It is most commonly used, because it is the most expressive and has lively, brave and spiritual meanings. When being a noun, it can also be translated as: soul, mind, life and breath; Later, it was extended to English to show the origin of male personality or the positive characteristics of female personality, such as bravery and rudeness, so it has the meaning of "hostility"
Socrates' short stories on courage.
"Socrates once discussed patriotism with everyone. A politician talked about courage, and then Kan Kan talked about the spirit of dedication to the country. Socrates asked him, "So, what is courage?" The politician thought about it, but he couldn't answer it.
In fact, we often have a similar experience, a word that we talk about every day, but we can't understand its meaning. Later, politicians thought about it and said that courage should be to stick to your post in an emergency. Socrates asked, what if the correct decision at that time should be to retreat? The politician replied that this situation is another matter.
Socrates also said, if so, is it courage to stick to it? The politician said that, in fact, he didn't know what courage was. Then he began to ask Socrates what courage was.
Socrates said that he couldn't tell, but he thought that courage was to do something reasonable, whether it was dangerous or not. The audience all agreed with this. Socrates went on to say that courage is to keep a clear head and calm in a dangerous moment. In this sense, its opposite is excessive impulse, so that it loses its reason. "
The sages of ancient Rome gave us good scenes and explanations. Let's look at the understanding that extends to English later.
There are several translations of modern English: courage and courage, and N erve.
N erve: In addition to the meaning of courage, there is also the meaning of nerve;
Courage: It emphasizes the fearless action in the face of difficulties, dangers, etc. Translation is courage; Courage; Fearless spirit
When it points to people, it shows a willingness not to be afraid to do difficult, dangerous or painful things.
When it points to action, it shows that it needs courage.
Courage was originally an opera term, which came from Italian? Bravura refers to a very difficult piece of music, which requires great courage and skill of the singer.
Courage: it is the ability to face danger, pain or adversity without making a fool of yourself, focusing on the quality/temperament when making decisions in the face of difficulties and dangers. Can be transformed into courage; Brave; Courage.
In the interpretation of western culture, we find that "courage" is rooted in our hearts at first, just like the concepts of "life" and "soul". Then, "he" began to appear in various scenes, with his family: "he" can point to people or things in detail; It can also point to action or performance, and there is an unclear "mental state". Courage in western culture emphasizes individual state and action.
Then return to the interpretation of "Yong" in China culture:
The earliest stress is the word "Yong" in "Biography", and its glyph is:?
And the explanation in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Courage: Qi also. Gas, cloud gas also. It is extended to the qi of tonifying the body. Force, muscle also. Brave, angry. Where does the spirit come from? The strength is also very strong. Where is the heart. Angry or even embarrassed. Therefore, Gu Wenyong is from the heart. " As we know, in ancient times, a word was the meaning of a word, and it was easy to understand when it was disassembled. Probably can be understood as: "Yong" as a kind of "qi" or "strength" is a description of the heart. The status is: it can be retained and can be raised in time; Strong sense of quantity and explosion; Usually, people and things show their behavior and show an influence. For example, summon up courage ... show brave behavior ... emerge in endlessly ... encourage others ... Common words are: courage, courage, warrior, courage.
There is also a discussion about "courage" in Xunzi's Theory of Evil Nature: "There are brave people, brave people, brave people."
"There is something in the world, dare to be straight; The late king had a way and dared to do whatever he wanted; Troubled times don't follow the king, troubled times follow the people; There is no poverty in the place of benevolence, and there is no wealth in the death of benevolence; If the world knows it, it wants to share joys and sorrows with the world; If the world doesn't know it, it is independent from heaven and earth and fearless: it is a brave man. "
"courtesy and frugality, big faith and light wealth; The sage dares to push it, and the unscrupulous dares to help it: it is brave. "
"Be light-skinned and heavy-handed, forgive your troubles, and don't care about the right or wrong feelings, in order to win people's hearts: this is courage."
There is an interpretation in Lao Pu's Literacy:
"The world has the right path and dares to stand up and defend; The ancient sage has the right path handed down and dares to practice; In troubled times, you are not at peace with the king, and in troubled times, you are not at peace with the people; Where benevolence exists, we don't care about poverty and poverty, and where benevolence is lost, we don't want to be rich and expensive; Become famous, everyone knows him, and share joys and sorrows with everyone; Unknown, the world doesn't know him, so it stands between heaven and earth without fear: this is first-class courage. "
"Polite, respectful, self-effacing, putting priority on money, daring to recommend a talented person and put him in a high position, daring to pull him down and dismiss him from his post for an immoral person: this is moderate courage."
"If you don't cherish life and cherish money, you can get into trouble without taking responsibility; Regardless of right or wrong, single-minded is to get ahead of others: this is inferior courage. "
"To put it simply, having principles and conduct is great wisdom and courage, and being honest with each other and daring to take responsibility is brave. Courage without right or wrong is courage. "
In my opinion, great wisdom and courage come from the heart and lie in a peaceful mind; The courage of integrity serves the king and society, and lies in the relationship; The courage of a reckless person is only a manifestation of personal emotions.
Summary: The ancient people's understanding of "Yong" also needs specific scenes, so it can be presented in different ways. From emotions that are not guided by reason, to the interaction of social relations, to inner calmness and calmness; "He" is progressive layer by layer, from the outside to the inside, and in the end, he only wants himself. Some words are too old to be defined and explained since ancient times. Then let's stand at the forefront of information and reshape "him" together.
Maybe we can have a deeper understanding by linking Latin and Bian Xiao Wen's annotation of "He". Courage is an epiphany, something you believe will exist. He is like a kind of life, which can grow and accumulate from scratch, from small to large, from point to surface, and then from surface to body. "He" can show his unique spiritual characteristics from his eyes, language and actions. "He" needs a specific scene because he needs to see the reference in the relationship. "He" can not only reshape himself, but also influence others; Associated groups; Guide society.
Finally. When we don't need a concept in our time, the understanding of "he" will weaken or die out.
But I want to say that courage is very important, especially in this era. We haven't let him appear in our lives for many, many years. Although we keep mentioning "he" in the long river of history, we still don't pay enough attention to it. "He" has been suppressed in our souls for too long; For a long time, "he" was hidden in interpersonal relationships; We should have found more cases about courage in the internet age, but even if we go back to the magnificent history, we still turn a blind eye to him. Why?
Next, let's continue to discuss: courage, how is he doing now? And his importance in this era.
If Ta asks me again, what is courage? I would say, courage is your gift to me.
Courage is what we give each other. Courage is what we give each other.
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Postscript:
Whether it is the earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Latin, a word or a root represents multiple meanings. But now and in the future, more and more subjects, positions, emotions, interests and psychological states will be classified, and the recognition rate will be higher and higher. Therefore, this article was born in this situation. I hope to carve a stone with the heart of the cathedral written by craftsmen. Now, let's start attracting jade.
Courage is sometimes bad, never say goodbye. Courage is saying goodbye when necessary.
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Thank you for your explanations: Wan Weigang's Elite Daily Classroom, Wu Bofan's Bofan Daily, Wu Jun's Letter from Silicon Valley and Laopu's Literacy.
Literature index:
TED talk: fragile power, text version
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Growth story in courage hand-painted
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Letter from Silicon Valley, Wu Jun: Letter 320th: Socrates' Views on Courage.
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Laopu can read: "Dare" to compete with wild boar.
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I am Huang Deping;
He is an explorer of knowledge, a lifelong learner and a promoter of Chunteng Parent College.
I will be a psychological counselor who practices Adler's psychology; One day, I will go to the countryside and grow up with the children as a student.