A business plan is a plan about the management and operation of a company. Among the suggestions made by netizens, Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd. found some valuable substitutes (such as "road book" and "business blueprint"). Zhongwei Consulting believes that the "business plan" is very important and should not be changed casually. After careful consideration, Zhongwei Consulting finally gave up this idea and summarized the following business plan keywords that Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting believes every manager should know for your reference:
1. Business Plan: A business plan is an orderly summary of important events, task objectives, planning ideas and basic operating data in the company's business operation, including: development strategy and detailed phased objectives, task division, progress evaluation, cost budget, business income plan, etc. The business plan is not a paper document, but a plan to guide the operation of the enterprise. According to the actual business situation, the business plan needs to be evaluated and adjusted every month, otherwise it will lose its due role. Therefore, the business plan should pay attention to the actual situation and adapt to the current business development.
2. Business plan: A business plan guides the operation of an enterprise through a periodic process. When necessary, the scheme should be designed, evaluated, adjusted and continuously optimized. Business planning is actually enterprise management.
3. Business strategy: Business strategy is a comprehensive exposition of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and risks, target markets, products and services, and market demand of products. The focus of the content is to analyze the business core of the enterprise, so the enterprise strategy should focus on analyzing more valuable related information such as the unoccupied market or the products and services that the enterprise cannot provide, rather than boasting about the existing market and products and services. These key contents can be expressed and recorded by lists, slide presentations, key paragraphs or other means, thus highlighting the importance of enterprise strategy and business core.
4. Business forecast: Business forecast is a set of simplified and controllable assumptions about future cash flow, including sales volume, sales cost, expenses, assets, liabilities and funds. Business forecast is not a simple forecast of the future business situation, but a monthly forecast of the next year's business situation and related data, as well as an annual forecast of the next two years. The focus of business forecast is to predict the driving factors of main business indicators and express them in monetary form. These drivers include production capacity, sales and marketing activities, salary management, direct costs and so on. Its goal is to explain the correlation between the main forecast data. Such as the ratio of direct costs to sales. Usually, the relationship between these values is more important than the actual values themselves. Then, for example, if the actual sales volume is higher than the forecast, you will know that the direct cost will be higher than the forecast value according to the previous proportion forecast. An effective business forecasting process should evaluate and adjust the monthly forecasts.
5. Strategic plan: the framework of business plan.
6. Business plan: A business plan excluding business strategy.
7. Marketing plan: a business plan excluding the company's financial strategy.
8. Annual plan: business plan excluding the second and third annual plans.
9. Bank-ready business plan:
A the bank's business plan is derived from the original business plan, but its design and format are easier to understand. It mainly summarizes the company's past and present financial situation, and banks can learn about the payment records and assets of loan enterprises through this plan.
B. Some people may be used to writing business plans with business plan template documents sold by some merchants. These so-called semi-finished products or ready-made template documents are just like fake and shoddy products. Buyers should understand that using ready-made business plans is a waste of money.
10. Business plan ready for investors or financing:
A. An investment or financing business plan is a derivative of a business plan, focusing on specific businesses that investors may be interested in. The most common and basic contents in the plan usually include: introduction of management team, market demand of products, potential market, growth potential, competitiveness (unique advantages of enterprises, such as technology and technology), future development scale and potential return on investment. However, it should be noted that if the plan does not realistically state the business prospects, investors will never be interested in the plan, no matter how charming or creative it is.
(II) Ten feasible companies mainly include Kaiyuan International, Zhongzhe Consulting, Bingzhuo Consulting, Tianzhu Consulting, Hualing Sifang, Zhongwei Consulting, Omori Consulting, Handing Finance, Shangzhong Consulting and Dongsheng United for reference:
Feasibility study is a scientific analysis and demonstration of whether the project is technically and economically feasible after the project proposal is approved. Feasibility study refers to the comprehensive evaluation of technical feasibility and economic rationality of various investment projects through market analysis, technical analysis, financial analysis and national economic analysis on the basis of investigation. The basic task of feasibility study is to comprehensively analyze and study the main problems of newly-built or rebuilt projects from the technical and economic perspectives, predict the economic effects after the project is put into production, and make scheme demonstration and selection within the established scope, so as to make the most rational use of resources and achieve the predetermined social and economic benefits. The feasibility study must proceed from the whole system, analyze and demonstrate from the aspects of technology, economy, finance, commerce, environmental protection and law, so as to determine whether the construction project is feasible and provide scientific basis for the correct investment decision. Project feasibility study is a multi-factor and multi-objective system of continuous analysis, research, evaluation and decision-making process. It needs the cooperation of professionals with all kinds of knowledge to complete. Feasibility study is not only applicable to construction projects, but also to all stages and aspects of scientific, technological and industrial development. For example, feasibility study can be applied to industrial development planning, new technology development, product upgrading and the early stage of enterprise technological transformation. Feasibility study has gradually formed a set of relatively complete theories, procedures and methods since it was adopted in Tennessee Valley Development in the 1930s. From 65438 to 0978, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization compiled the Handbook of Industrial Feasibility Study. 1980, the organization edited the handbook of industrial project evaluation together with the Arab industrial development center. Since 1982, China has listed feasibility study as an important procedure of capital construction. Feasibility study can be divided into three aspects: technology, market demand and financial and economic situation. Main contents of the feasibility study of Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd.:
1. Conduct comprehensive and in-depth market analysis and forecast. Investigate and predict the supply and demand situation and sales price of the products of the proposed project in the domestic and foreign markets; Study the target market of products and analyze the market share; Study and determine the market, mainly the advantages and disadvantages of product competitors and their own competitiveness, as well as the marketing strategy of products, and study and determine the main market risks and risk levels.
2. For resource development projects, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research to determine the available amount, natural quality, occurrence conditions and development and utilization value of resources.
3. In-depth project construction scheme design, including: project construction scale and product scheme, project site selection, process technology scheme and main equipment scheme, main materials and auxiliary materials, environmental impact issues, energy saving and water saving, organization and human resource allocation of the project, project schedule, detailed estimation of required investment, financing analysis, financial analysis, national economic evaluation, social evaluation, project uncertainty analysis, risk analysis and comprehensive evaluation.
The feasibility study of the project is a research process from shallow to deep, from coarse to fine, from front to back, and repeated optimization. The preliminary research is to create conditions for more accurate research and questions in the later stage. The feasibility study should accurately implement all business risks, technical risks and profit risks. If a defect is found through research, the main risk reasons should be found through the disclosure of sensitivity parameters, and better alternatives should be found from the aspects of marketing, product and scale, process technology, raw material route, equipment scheme and public auxiliary facilities scheme to improve the feasibility of the project. If all schemes are optimized repeatedly and the project is still not feasible, the reasons should be explained in the research document. However, it should be noted that even if the research results are not feasible, this research is still valuable because it avoids the abuse and waste of funds.
In addition to the above-mentioned project feasibility study, we also have a kind of research closely related to investment in practice, called thematic research, which mainly creates conditions for feasibility study (or preliminary feasibility study), studies and solves some key or specific problems, and is the premise and auxiliary of feasibility study. Thematic studies are classified as follows:
A. Product market research: investigation, analysis and prediction of market demand and price, research on product's ability to enter the market, expected market penetration and competition, research on product's marketing strategy and competitive countermeasures, etc.
B. Research on raw materials and inputs: including current and future sources and supplies of basic raw materials and inputs, and price trends.
C. Special research on laboratory and intermediate tests: determine the applicability of certain raw materials or products and the test and test degree required for their technical and economic indicators.
D. Study on plant area and site selection: combining industrial layout, regional economy, internal and external construction conditions, supply conditions of production materials, etc. Study and select the factory and site.
E. Research on economies of scale: Usually, it is conducted as an integral part of process selection research. When the problem is limited to economies of scale and does not involve a variety of complex processes, the main task of this study is to evaluate the economies of scale of the factory, comprehensively consider the available process technology, investment, cost, price, benefit and market demand, and choose the best production scale.
F process selection research: analyze, study and evaluate the advancement, applicability, reliability and economy of various possible production technologies, especially when adopting new technologies.
G. equipment selection research: when some construction projects need a variety of production equipment, and the supply source, performance and price are quite different, equipment research is needed. Because the composition and economy of the investment project depend largely on the type, price and production cost of the equipment, even the production efficiency of the project changes directly with the selected equipment.
H energy conservation research: according to the requirements of energy conservation policies, regulations and norms, put forward energy conservation technical measures and make an objective evaluation of energy conservation.
1. Traffic impact assessment: the demand, impact and countermeasures brought by the urban traffic of the project.
General procedures for feasibility study of Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd.;
1. Opportunity study (also called project proposal) is to make suggestions on the investment direction. Enterprises and grass-roots units look for the most favorable investment opportunities and make full use of natural resources according to the problems found in production and opportunities in the market. From the enterprise's point of view, according to the size of financial strength and existing technical capabilities, seek new investment opportunities with better benefits.
2. Preliminary feasibility study (also known as project review) is a preliminary activity of feasibility study, a general collection of materials and a rough evaluation of the prospects of investment projects. From the preliminary feasibility study, decide whether to continue the feasibility study.
3. Feasibility study is considered to be basically feasible on the basis of preliminary feasibility study, which comprehensively collects and grasps the detailed information of all aspects of the project, comprehensively analyzes and inspects the technical and economic aspects of the project, scientifically predicts the production capacity, product quality, cost, expense, price and income provided after the completion of the project, and provides accurate basis for decision-making.
4. After the feasibility study of the evaluation report is formed, it is necessary to form a conclusion on whether it is technically feasible and economically reasonable, write a report, and evaluate and make decisions on key investment projects. The specific contents of the report include the prediction of asset investment projects (that is, predicting which fixed assets need to be increased in investment projects, how much to increase, and when to increase them). ); Put forward the investment budget and plan the investment sources; Make investment plans and measure investment effects.
5. Audit and decision-making of investment schemes After calculating the investment benefit index, we should compare the benefits of different investment schemes of the same project and make the best decision.
Characteristics of feasibility study of Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd.;
First, professionalism. When demonstrating the feasibility of a project, the feasibility study report involves many majors, usually including infrastructure, environmental protection, market forecasting, personnel training and so on. Therefore, it is necessary for professionals in various fields to conduct in-depth research and then conduct scientific comprehensive analysis.
The second is scientific, the content should be true, complete and correct, the research purpose should be clear, the research process should be objective, and a clear conclusion should be drawn by applying various scientific methods and reasoning. The conclusion of the feasibility study report should be based on quantitative analysis. These quantitative data are calculated on the basis of investigation and study, according to the principles of science and technology and economics, which have scientific basis and can stand the test of time.
The third is timeliness. The scientific and technological investigation report reflects the things that need to be recognized urgently or the problems that need to be solved urgently in the field of science and technology. Therefore, in order to realize the value of the investigation report and play its role, it is necessary to write the investigation report in time and quickly.
Application for feasibility study of Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd.;
1. Feasibility study report on enterprise financing and foreign investment cooperation.
This kind of research report usually requires accurate market analysis and reasonable investment scheme, and provides practical operation schemes such as competition analysis, marketing scheme, management scheme and technology research and development.
2, apply for the National Development and Reform Commission (the original planning commission) project feasibility study report.
This document is formulated in accordance with the Administrative Licensing Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Decision of the State Council Municipality on Setting Administrative Licensing for Administrative Examination and Approval Items that Need to Be Retained. It is the basic document for establishing large-scale infrastructure projects. NDRC will examine and approve, put on record or reply according to the feasibility study report to decide whether to implement the project. In addition, pharmaceutical companies also need to prepare a feasibility study report when applying for relevant certificates.
3, bank loan feasibility study report
Commercial banks need a detailed feasibility study report from the project party before granting loans. For domestic banks such as CDB, the report is issued by a first-class qualification unit, and it is usually not necessary to organize expert review. The loan feasibility study report of some banks does not need qualification, but the financing scheme is reasonable, the analysis is correct and the information is comprehensive. In addition, when applying for relevant national policy support funds and industrial and commercial registration, it is often necessary to prepare a feasibility study report, which is similar to the feasibility study report of bank loans.
4. Imported equipment used to apply for tax exemption.
The feasibility study report is mainly used for the duty-free use of imported equipment, and the project feasibility study report is required for the projects confirmed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and domestic-funded enterprises.
5. Approve the feasibility study report of overseas investment projects.
When enterprises implement the strategy of going global and invest in foreign mineral resources and other industries, they need to prepare a feasibility study report and submit it to the National Development and Reform Commission or the provincial development and reform commission. When they need to apply for credit support for overseas key investment projects in The Export-Import Bank of China, they also need a feasibility study report.
Among the above five feasibility studies, items (2), (4) and (5) have the highest entry threshold, and the units that need to be compiled have engineering consulting qualifications, which are issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and divided into three grades: Grade A, Grade B and Grade C. ..
Quality requirements for feasibility study of Shenzhen Zhongwei Zhiyan Consulting Co., Ltd.;
1, design scheme
The main task of the feasibility study report is to demonstrate the pre-designed scheme, so the design of the research scheme must be clear about the research object.
2. The content is true
The contents involved in the feasibility study report and the data reflecting the situation must be absolutely true and reliable, and no deviation or error is allowed. The information and data used in it must be verified repeatedly to ensure the authenticity of the content.
3. Accurate prediction
Feasibility study report is an activity before investment decision. It is a study before the event, an estimate of the future development, possible problems and results of the transaction, and it is predictive. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth investigation and study, fully grasp the information, and use practical forecasting methods to scientifically predict the future prospects.
4. Strict argumentation
Demonstration is a remarkable feature of the feasibility study report. In order to make it demonstrative, it is necessary to use systematic analysis methods to comprehensively and systematically analyze various factors affecting the project from both macro and micro aspects.