1 Introduction
Compared with other industries, the construction industry has the characteristics of single product, long production cycle, heavy workload and wide coverage, which all affect the integrity and efficiency of information exchange in the construction industry, thus often leading to the increase of construction project costs and the waste of social resources. The development of e-commerce undoubtedly brings a rare opportunity to the informatization of the construction industry, which can provide efficient and high-quality services for materials procurement, cost control and many other aspects of construction projects. However, there are still many problems that restrict the development of e-commerce in the construction industry, such as lack of talents, imperfect laws and payment methods, and insufficient infrastructure support. The most important problem is that the e-commerce applications of all participants in different construction stages are independent of each other and cannot form an organic whole with smooth information exchange and consistent goals. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a complete and integrated framework system of e-commerce in construction industry for improving efficiency, reducing project cost, enhancing enterprise competitiveness and ensuring the sustainable development of construction industry.
2 e-commerce framework system construction
2. 1 the significance of e-commerce in the construction industry
A construction project generally goes through the stages of project proposal drafting, project establishment, feasibility study, design, construction, acceptance, use and maintenance. E-commerce in construction industry is a complex electronic trading system that realizes the whole process, dynamic and multi-level information exchange in the project construction cycle and connects all participants in the project. In this electronic trading system, the main activities of each participant include: the owner carries out online project bidding, bid evaluation, project control and settlement; Designers draw and display design schemes on the Internet; The contractor realizes alliance selection, online evaluation, bidding, online project management and project settlement; Engineers' remote supervision and consultation on the project, as well as online commodity display of suppliers and lessors.
The most important problem to realize the above-mentioned e-commerce activities is the integration of information resources of all participants in the project and the integration of information technology and business processes in the construction industry. Solving this problem can not only save the industry cost, but also help to maximize and optimize the overall interests.
Based on the above analysis, e-commerce in construction industry can be defined as business processing activities at all levels in construction industry based on network and adopting electronic integration.
2.2 Construction principles of e-commerce in construction industry
(1) systematization. The establishment and perfection of e-commerce is a huge systematic project, which needs the cooperation of various departments and even a certain degree of integration. Due to the flexibility, cross-regional and industrial nature, virtuality of e-commerce, and the complexity and wide coverage of the construction industry itself, on the one hand, the establishment of e-commerce in the construction industry needs the close cooperation of many departments such as industry and commerce, taxation, environmental protection and meteorology, and needs technical support in online payment and online qualification certification. On the other hand, the establishment of the framework system should fully consider the whole life cycle of the construction project, and no link can be omitted, so as to ensure the consistency of e-commerce in the whole process of construction projects.
(2) Applicability. The essence of e-commerce is "commerce", and "electronization" is only a means. It should not be limited to the existing e-commerce models, application software, solutions and network platforms, but should establish an e-commerce model suitable for the characteristics of the construction industry from its own business needs and processes. Under the condition of e-commerce, information technology and tools serve the business process, making the business process more reasonable and efficient. After information technology and business processes are well integrated, the economic and social benefits brought to people are concerned.
2.3 the idea of e-commerce framework system in construction industry
The typical solution of integrated business activities should include a large number of public information technologies and facilities, so as to deal with application interface, network security, system exception handling and recovery, and data control problems between enterprises or between enterprises and individuals [3]. This is called "technical system". On the other hand, the framework system should solve a series of business problems by integrating the information data between and within the participating organisms in the business process and providing key and timely updated business information to the information acquirer. This is called "application system". Therefore, a complete e-commerce framework system of construction industry should be established from the perspective of technology and application.
The framework system of e-commerce in construction industry conceived in this paper is shown in figure 1. The framework system consists of two parts: technical system and application system. Among them, the technical system includes infrastructure, public system services and e-commerce tools; The application system includes four organisms: project platform, enterprise platform, government platform and construction-related industries.
The framework system aims to show the influence of e-commerce on construction projects, enterprises, governments and related industries, and fully consider the application, development and benefit management of e-commerce based on network on different platforms of projects, enterprises and governments. The core of the framework system is the integration of electronic data and information flow related to architecture and data flow at all levels. E-commerce technology system exists at all levels of e-commerce application system, and handles all data and information.
3 e-commerce framework technology system of construction industry
The column in figure 1 shows the technical system of e-commerce framework in construction industry, which provides information technology and service facilities for the framework. The specific information technology form is shown in Figure 2. Deliver all application-level data infrastructure, public relations system services and e-commerce tools to meet the business needs of user terminals.
3. 1 infrastructure
Infrastructure provides the necessary network infrastructure for e-commerce applications and forms a reliable and effective information transmission service channel. It is the ultimate carrier of e-commerce information, located at the bottom of the whole business/technical structure, including various software and hardware facilities. Because of the interaction and overlap of the production and transaction of building products, the building e-commerce system is different from ordinary products, and it needs special research and development on software and data acquisition hardware equipment. The initial e-commerce platform mainly includes Internet-based hardware facilities such as database, application server, WEB server and e-mail server, as well as software modules such as Internet application development toolkit, customer list management and document management.
3.2 Public * * * System Services
Public system service is the guarantee for the smooth implementation of the framework system. Provide a standard, standardized and safe payment system for the establishment of the framework, control and manage all kinds of transactions in the construction industry, and have the function of accident handling.
Standards and norms refer to the standards for market access, security and confidentiality, intellectual property rights, contract conclusion and information exchange formulated by government departments, trade associations and professional research departments; The security architecture includes basic cryptographic algorithm, digital signature algorithm, digital certificate, CA security authentication system, security application protocol and other technologies [4]; The payment system includes the establishment of electronic banking payment gateway, digital signature, encryption, the legal effect of digital time stamp and the issuance of electronic money. Transaction management is an additional service provided for the accident handling system, which mainly includes the functions of establishing user files, tracking the transaction process and studying transaction cases.
3.3 E-commerce tools
E-commerce tools are platforms for data circulation of projects, enterprises and related industries, and can also integrate data at different levels. Specific tools include:
(1) Electronic communication tools, including e-mail, voice mail, network announcement, VoIP system, etc.
(2) Electronic conference tools, including voice conference, visual conference, exchange forum and electronic conference system.
(3) Electronic collaboration tools, including progress tools, workflow systems, knowledge bases and other combinable working tools;
(4) Intelligent control tool is the most important part of the framework system, which mainly helps users to analyze a large amount of data collected by the server, thus facilitating users to make decisions on business activities. Intelligent control tools can play the role of "mediator" in the whole business process, between different systems and application levels. It allows business processes and data streams to be flexibly reorganized as needed to cope with changes in business or technical requirements, and uses flexible middleware to integrate completely different applications and data.
Processes are linked together to realize the integration of the framework.
3.4 Integration of technical systems and business processes
Using e-commerce tools, especially intelligent control tools, the integration of technical systems and business processes can be realized.
Through the process agent in the intelligent control tool, each transaction can be given an independent identifier, so as to correctly identify the transaction content and realize asynchronous transaction. The security system provided by the service part of the public system in the framework, the authorization of service workers' transactions need to be verified, and the complete services of different business processes can be completed. The solution of these two problems makes the technology and business realize a good combination. Figure 3 shows the security service flow taking "purchase request" as an example.
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