At present, almost all varieties of common kidney beans planted in production are short and erect, with plant height of 50-80 cm, compact plant type, 2-5 branches, 10- 15 nodes, and relatively concentrated flowering period, which is suitable for large-scale monoculture and interplanting corn, cotton, potatoes and other crops. For example, red kidney bean introduced from Britain, Pinyun No.2 bred by the Institute of Crop Variety Resources of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Beijing Xiaohei kidney bean all belong to short and upright type, with high yield and strong resistance to pests and diseases.
2. Short growth period and wide adaptability.
The growth period of modern bred varieties is generally short, generally 90 ~ 1 10d, which is relatively insensitive to sunlight. Therefore, they have wide adaptability. When planted in Heilongjiang and Yunnan, they can mature normally as long as the sowing date is properly adjusted.
3. High yield and good product quality.
The yield of new varieties is high, generally 2,250 kilograms per hectare, and those with good fertilizer and water conditions can reach more than 3,000 kilograms. The product quality is good, including grain uniformity, grain color and grain shape, which meets the requirements of foreign trade export. At present, the foreign trade market needs white kidney beans and red kidney beans with 40-50g seeds, but South America needs black kidney beans and Europe needs white kidney beans and milk kidney beans.
4. The ability to resist continuous cropping is poor and it is easy to be infected with diseases.
It is observed that the tolerance of continuous cropping of modern bred varieties is obviously weaker than that of local varieties. Kidney beans are planted in the same plot for at most two years, and the disease susceptibility is obviously aggravated in the third year, especially the common mosaic virus disease and root rot disease. In addition, aphids also need to be prevented in time, otherwise, the virus disease will be more serious.