Psychological counseling is a specialized course in colleges and universities in China, with a duration of three years. Courses taught include general psychology, human anatomy and physiology. For example: the measurement and evaluation of people's ability, personality and mental health, the consultation and counseling of psychological state, the treatment and correction of psychological diseases such as autism, hyperactivity disorder and sensory disorder.
Curriculum system: general psychology, human anatomy and physiology, developmental psychology, social psychology, psychometrics, psychological counseling theory and technology, abnormal psychology, educational psychology, personality psychology, cognitive behavioral therapy. The professional direction of some colleges and universities is: pedagogy.
Psychological counseling refers to the process of using psychological methods to seek solutions for those who have problems in psychological adaptation. People who need to solve problems and come for help are called visitors or customers, and consultants who provide help are called consultants.
Visitors tell, ask and discuss their psychological discomfort or obstacles through language, writing and other communication media. With their support and help, we can find out the causes of psychological problems through discussion, analyze the crux of the problem, and then seek the conditions and countermeasures to get rid of the predicament and solve the problem, so as to restore psychological balance, improve the adaptability to the environment and improve physical and mental health.
The relationship between psychological counseling and psychotherapy;
First, the tasks of work are different. The task of psychological counseling mainly lies in promoting growth, emphasizing the development mode, helping visitors to exert their greatest potential, clearing the roadblocks of normal development, and focusing on prevention. Psychotherapy is mostly to make up for the injuries that patients have formed in the past, and to solve and change the structural obstacles to development.
Second, objects and scenes are different. Psychological counseling follows the educational model, and most of the visitors are normal objects, mainly involving daily life problems, and generally work in schools, units, psychological counseling institutions and other scenes. The object of psychotherapy is patients with abnormal psychology, which plays a role in both clinical and medical situations.
Third, the working methods are different. Psychological counseling should involve visitors' living environment in more ways, such as participating in their direct environment, getting in touch with their families and relatives, making more use of daily living facilities (such as telephone consultation), designing and organizing classes and various group activities. The form of psychotherapy is more in pairs.
Fourth, the nature and content of solving problems are different. Psychological counseling is realistic-oriented, involving consciousness issues, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, study counseling and so on. Therefore, cognitive and logical methods are often used. Psychotherapy involves internal personality problems, and more is to deal with the unconscious.