"International da for Consumer Protection" is scheduled for March 15 every year, which was first decided by international organization of consumers unions in 1983. Its purpose is to expand the publicity of consumer rights protection, attract worldwide attention, promote cooperation and exchanges between consumer organizations in various countries and regions, and better protect consumer rights in the international arena.
1, historical origin
1898, the world's first consumer organization was established in the United States, 1936, the National Consumers Union was established. After World War II, various organizations have emerged in some developed countries that reflect consumers' interests and demands. On this basis, international organization of consumers unions was proclaimed on 1960. Since then, the consumer movement has become more active, and many developing countries have also established consumer organizations, making the consumer movement a global social phenomenon. Now, there are more than 300 consumer organizations in more than 90 countries around the world.
1On March 5th, 962, Kennedy delivered a special presidential speech on protecting consumers' interests in the US Congress, and put forward four rights of famous consumers for the first time, namely, the right to consume safely, the right to be informed of basic facts when consuming, the right to choose and the right to appeal. With the development of consumer rights protection, the four rights put forward by Kennedy and the other four rights determined by the International Consumers Association, namely, the right to meet basic needs, the right to settle disputes fairly, the right to master basic consumer knowledge and the right to live and work in a healthy environment, have become eight guidelines for protecting consumer rights in all countries of the world.
1983, the International Consumers Association designated March 15 every year as the International Consumer Rights Day. Since then, every year on March 15, consumers and related organizations all over the world will hold various activities to promote the further development of the movement to protect consumers' rights and interests.
1On April 9, 985, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the Guidelines for Consumer Protection, urging countries to take practical measures to safeguard the interests of consumers.
1984 65438+On February 26th, China Consumers Association was established, and 1987 China Consumers Association joined the International Consumers Association.
1991March 15, the Economic Department of CCTV directed and launched the "3. 15" International Consumer Rights Day, the live broadcast of Friends of Consumers.
201065438+1On October 30th, CCTV Economic Department held a 3 15 party, and the official Sina Weibo.
2. The purpose of the festival
(a) to provide information to consumers, educate consumers, and improve their awareness and ability to safeguard their rights and interests;
(2) Handling consumer complaints and helping consumers recover losses;
(3) Collect consumers' opinions and feed them back to enterprises;
(4) create public opinion, publicize consumers' rights, and form public opinion pressure to improve consumers' status;
5] Participate in the formulation of national or ZF laws and policies on consumers, and ask ZF to establish a consumer administrative system to deal with consumer issues;
[6] Establish consumer groups and establish consumers * * *;
(7) Strengthen international consumer groups and cooperation.
3. Organization introduction
International organization of consumers unions is an independent, non-profit and non-political organization. 1960, initiated by consumer organizations in five countries, namely, the United States, Britain, Australia, Belgium and the Netherlands, is registered in the Netherlands, headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands, and its Asia-Pacific branch is located in Penang, Malaysia.
4. Main purpose
Assist and actively promote global consumer organizations and zf to protect consumers' rights and interests; Promote international cooperation in comparing and testing consumer services; Promote various other international cooperation in consumer information, consumer education and consumer protection; Collect and exchange national laws and practices on consumer protection; Provide a forum for national groups to discuss solutions to problems related to consumer interests; Publish materials related to consumer information; Maintain effective contact with United Nations agencies and other international organizations in order to play the role of representing consumers' interests on the international stage; Provide all practical assistance and encouragement to consumer education and protection development plans in developing countries through United Nations agencies and other feasible means.
5. Organizational structure
The general meeting of members consists of representatives elected by member organizations. The Council consists of 35 members elected by the meeting, and the Council designates the executive committee. The staff are ten salaried people. Funding comes from membership fees and sales of publications. It has advisory status in relevant United Nations agencies. These institutions are: United Nations Economic and Social Council, UNESCO, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Consumer Advisory Council and European Commission for Consumer Protection. At the same time, there are representatives in the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the United Nations Commission on Women. Contact unit: International Electrotechnical Commission.
Step 6 organize activities
There are subcommittees or working groups responsible for inspecting commodities and carrying out activities such as education, development, legal system and medical treatment; Set up an advisory sub-committee in the Asia-Pacific region to provide special information sources. The Central Secretariat has a library that collects and disseminates legislative, technical and educational information related to consumers' interests. Formulate regional development plans within the jurisdiction of the Economic and Social Commission for Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, and support and carry out research on issues such as incomplete commodity labels and dumping of dangerous drugs, pesticides and baby food into the third world.
7. Contents of the Guide
1On April 9, 985, the United Nations General Assembly voted to adopt resolution 39/248 and approved the Guidelines for Consumer Protection. The Guidelines for Consumer Protection is a programmatic document for consumer protection with world significance. It is divided into four parts and 46 articles, which not only points out the rights that consumers should enjoy, but also puts forward detailed and strict requirements for ZF and enterprises in various countries to bear the responsibilities in protecting consumers' interests. The first two parts use six articles, mainly expounding the goals to be achieved by this set of guidelines for consumer protection and the general principles for formulating the guidelines.
It is emphasized that the purpose of this set of guidelines is to ensure that the following reasonable needs of consumers are met:
(a) to protect the health and safety of consumers from damage;
(two) to promote and protect the economic interests of consumers;
(3) enable consumers to obtain enough information to make wise choices according to their own wishes and needs;
(4) consumer education;
(5) Providing effective consumer measures;
(6) Freedom to organize consumers and other relevant groups or organizations, and such organizations have the opportunity to express their opinions on the decision-making process that affects them. The third part, namely article 36, is the main part of the Code.
Mainly around the specific aspects that consumers need to protect, it stipulates the measures that zf and enterprises in various countries should take to protect consumers' interests. Protecting consumers' physical safety is the most important right of consumers. The first paragraph of the third part of the standard requires zf of all countries to adopt appropriate policies to ensure that the goods produced by manufacturers are safe and reliable in designated or usually foreseeable uses. It is required to explain to consumers how to use the goods correctly, and let them know what kind of dangers will be in the designated use or usually foreseeable use.
After the products are put on the market, the producers or sellers shall notify the relevant departments and consumers in time if they find unforeseen dangers. Zf should also consider how to ensure that consumers are correctly informed of the dangers. Once the product is found to have serious defects or even if it is used correctly, it will cause great danger. The manufacturer or distributor shall take back the product for replacement or modification, or replace it with another product. If it cannot be done within a reasonable time, consumers should be properly compensated.
Promoting and protecting consumers' economic interests is also an important part of protecting consumers' rights and interests. The second paragraph of the third part of the Code requires ZF to urge manufacturers, distributors and other personnel engaged in goods and services to abide by established laws and mandatory standards in a planned way to prevent practices that harm consumers' economic interests. Such procedures must pay special attention to the needs of low-income consumers. Second, governments are required to encourage all enterprises to solve consumer disputes in a fair, rapid and informal way, and to set up voluntary agencies to provide assistance to consumers, including consulting services and the extent of informal complaints, and to provide consumers with information on existing compensation and other dispute settlement procedures.
8. Relevant laws
Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests
9. Development of Consumer Rights Day in China
China Consumer Rights Day
China is a socialist country, and the fundamental interests of zf, enterprises and consumers are the same. This determines that China has the institutional, economic and social foundation to safeguard the interests of consumers. Although there are some negative factors that harm consumers' interests with the development of commodity economy, zf, enterprises and consumers are working together to solve these problems through a combination of top-down and bottom-up methods. Actively promoting the establishment of consumer organizations is one of the measures.
According to statistics, by the end of 1992, China had established more than 2,400 consumer organizations at or above the county level, and established more than 30,000 branches, liaison stations and supervision stations in rural towns, urban streets, schools, institutions, bazaars and large and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises. Consumer organizations at all levels * * * accepted 6.5438+0.35 million consumer complaints, 90% of which were solved reasonably, saving consumers 466 million yuan in economic losses. Because the consumer organizations in China have the support of the masses, the Party and the government, they are semi-official and have high authority, and the problem is solved smoothly. Another outstanding feature of China's work to protect consumers' rights and interests is that the legislative work to protect consumers' rights and interests has also made rapid progress.
Twenty-six provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and nine cities with separate plans have formulated and promulgated local special laws and regulations to protect consumers' rights and interests. Special national laws and regulations to protect consumers' rights and interests will also be promulgated soon. At the same time, many industrial and commercial enterprises also actively carry out self-monitoring and do a good job in protecting the interests of consumers. From the development practice of protecting consumers' interests in China, we can see that in a few short years, China has accomplished what capitalist countries need decades or even longer. Facts have proved and will continue to prove that China's consumption movement has incomparable advantages and characteristics in capitalist countries. In a word, the consumer movement has experienced a process from spontaneous mass activities to organized mass activities; From the administrative intervention of zf to the legal protection of consumers' rights and interests: the historical process from the laissez-faire state of producers and operators to active participation in consumer protection. A general trend in the world is that zf all over the world pays more and more attention to national life and regards the protection of consumers' interests as an important part of social and economic policies. It can be said that the prospect of consumption movement will undoubtedly be infinitely bright.
With the improvement of consumers' awareness in recent years and the media's attention to the hidden rules of the industry, overlord clauses and other issues, many enterprises are nervous about 3. 15 Consumer Rights Day. 3. On the eve of15, not only were public relations activities extremely frequent, but also some enterprises took the initiative to please consumers.
Among them, major group buying websites are scrambling to introduce consumer protection measures, and the coupons for group buying have expired, and now they can be refunded. Taobao's well-known wheat bag also took the initiative to take out a deposit of 6.5438+0 million yuan as its credit commitment.
V+, a website of Vanke Eslite, recently announced that it will launch a one-time free home return service in more than 260 cities across the country. Customers can easily return goods once by calling customer service, and can refund cash on the spot.
In addition, with the exposure of price fraud in Carrefour, Wal-Mart and other stores, some home appliance stores also implemented the "clearly marked price" sales model before 3. 15 and refused to bargain. This means that your price is the lowest and there is no water.
Some enterprises are worried because of the arrival of 3. 15, and some enterprises take the initiative to "turn crisis into opportunity" and hold various profit promotion activities. 3. 15, while we are * * *, we should also keep our eyes open and treat the "3. 15 show" calmly.
20 15 is the 33rd International Consumer Rights Day.
China Consumers Association
1, basic introduction
China Consumers Association was approved to be established in the State Council in June, 5438+0984+02. It is an all-round social organization that supervises goods and services and protects consumers' legitimate rights and interests. Its purpose is to supervise goods and services, protect consumers' legitimate rights and interests, guide consumers to spend reasonably and scientifically, and promote the healthy development of socialist market economy.
In September, 1987, China Consumers Association was accepted as a full member of international organization of consumers unions. Starting this year, every March 15, China Consumers Association and local associations at all levels will jointly hold large-scale publicity activities with relevant departments to introduce consumer knowledge and related legal knowledge in various ways and publicize consumer rights and interests; Awaken and improve consumers' awareness of self-protection; Promote the concern and support of the whole society to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
During the "3. 15" logo in 2000, China Consumers Association launched the "3. 15 logo". It is a kind of reputation certification launched by China Consumers Association, and it is the recognition and proof of key enterprises in various industries. Its goods and services are of excellent quality and are supervised by consumers' associations. Any product application using the "3. 15 mark" must go through strict inspection and review procedures to ensure the authority and fairness of the "3. 15 mark".
"3. 15 logo" takes the emblem of China Consumers Association as the upper graphic, and the words "3. 15" are added. This sign contains two meanings: one is the recognition and proof of high-quality goods or services; The second is to enable enterprises to fulfill their commitments: that is, when there is a dispute over the rights and interests of small consumers, both consumers and operators fail to negotiate, and operators voluntarily accept the adjustment opinions of consumers' associations, so as to avoid protracted disputes.
The purpose of "3. 15 logo" launched by China Consumers Association is four-fold: first, it is convenient to solve disputes over the rights and interests of small consumers more effectively, so that the Consumers Association can better perform its function of protecting consumers' legitimate rights and interests; Second, it is a proof of high-quality goods and services, which is convenient for consumers to choose the best; Third, through the use of easy-to-identify unified signs, help consumers correctly choose goods and services, and effectively guide consumers to spend scientifically, reasonably, safely and healthily; Fourth, it is conducive to supporting the superior and limiting the inferior, and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.
2. Main responsibilities
Content:
(a) to protect the health and safety of consumers from damage;
(two) to promote and protect the economic interests of consumers;
(3) enable consumers to obtain enough information to make wise choices according to their own wishes and needs;
(4) consumer education;
5] Provide effective consumer compensation methods;
(6) Freedom to organize consumers and other relevant groups or organizations, and such organizations have the opportunity to express their opinions on the decision-making process that affects them. In China, the main contents of consumer rights protection are: the right to know, the right to choose, the right to safety, the right to claim, the right to supervise, and the right to criticize and suggest. The above aspects are mainly put forward according to the characteristics and needs of consumers' consumption process, and are also the experience summary of thinking and practice in consumer protection in various countries.
Form:
(1) National supervision. By establishing the necessary institutions and implementing consumer protection. The United States Federal Trade Commission has a Consumer Protection Department, which plays the role of an advocate of consumer rights and provides the public with information about consumer protection, trade control and helping consumers sue. Secondly, we should strengthen the protection of consumers by perfecting legislation, including providing convenience for consumers in dispute resolution and litigation procedures.
(2) Industry supervision. In order to maintain their reputation, formulate industry rules and regulations and strengthen supervision and management. Although its essence lies in safeguarding the interests of the owners of this industry, it can also protect the interests of consumers objectively.
(3) Social supervision. Mainly through consumer organizations. This kind of organization is very common in western countries and has developed into a professional organization in some countries.
Task:
(1) Accepting consumer complaints;
(2) Providing consultation to consumers;
(3) Have the right to sue unscrupulous businessmen;
(4) publishing some illegal acts that harm the interests of consumers through their own publications;
⑤ Support and represent consumers in claims and negotiations;
⑥ Provide suggestions for zf;
⑦ Check and inspect the product quality through its own inspection organization;
(8) Carry out consumer education activities.
This kind of supervision through consumer organizations has a broad mass base and great influence. Its activities are becoming more and more systematic and standardized, and supported by zf in different countries, which has a great deterrent effect on illegal manufacturers and distributors.
International supervision: With the development of commodity economy and the expansion of international trade, the problem of consumers' interests being harmed has transcended national boundaries and become an international phenomenon. This requires the cooperation and cooperation between zf and consumer protection organizations in various countries, and adopts joint historical reading /zl/ reprinting. Please maintain joint action against illegal business practices that harm the interests of consumers, such as the international anti-counterfeiting alliance. International supervision is not very strong, but it has become an irreversible trend to strengthen international supervision and effectively protect consumers' rights and interests.
10, developed abroad
Japan is one of the countries that passed systematic legislation to protect consumers' rights and interests earlier. Japan's Basic Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests promulgated in 1968 made detailed provisions on consumers' self-protection, preventing price gouging and curbing inflation.
India has formulated and implemented a series of laws and regulations, such as the Law on Necessities, the Law on Combating Fake and Inferior Foods, the Law on Drugs, and the Law on Commodity Weight. Zf has also set up special committees at the central, state and county levels in India to handle consumer complaints.
Australian zf has established a system to maintain market order among zf, enterprises and consumers. Laws related to the protection of consumers' rights and interests include industry standards law, copyright law, trademark law and price supervision law.
The American Consumers Union was founded in 1936 and now has 258 employees. There are three initiative offices to express opinions on the formulation of legislation, justice and regulations on behalf of consumers.
After China Consumers Association joined the organization of the International Consumers' Federation in September 1987, it organizes large-scale publicity and consultation services for the International Consumer Rights Day on March 15 every year.
1 1, related extended reading
Definition of consumer rights and interests
Consumer rights and interests refer to the rights and interests that consumers enjoy in accordance with the law when they receive goods or services with compensation and in a certain period of time.
Consumer's rights and interests are the rights granted to the end users of goods to meet the objective needs of economic operation under certain social and economic relations.
In the modern market economy, according to the needs of social and economic operation and the dominant position of consumers in the market, the state has formulated clear legislation, which makes the rights and interests of consumers not only become the norms agreed and recognized by the public, but also be confirmed and protected by national laws.
As early as the early 1960s, the International Consumers Union had determined that consumers should enjoy the following basic rights: the right to safety, the right to know, the right to choose independently, the right to fair trade, the right to claim compensation according to law, the right to education, the right to association, the right to respect personal dignity and national customs, and the right to supervision. China is a socialist market economy country, and consumers are not only the main body of the market, but also the masters of the country and society.
consumer protection
The consumer protection movement originated in Europe and rose in developed capitalist countries after World War II. After World War II, various consumer organizations came into being and quickly expanded to developing countries.
1960, consumers from the United States, Britain, Australia, Belgium and the Netherlands initiated the establishment of an independent, non-profit and non-political international organization of consumers unions (ci), which was headquartered in The Hague and later moved to London, England. After development, more than 300 consumer organizations in more than 90 countries around the world have joined ci. At the same time, worldwide consumer protection activities have also attracted the attention of United Nations organizations. Representatives of the International Consumers' Federation have become consultants and liaison officers of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the Industrial Development Organization, the Food Organization and UNCTAD, representing consumers' interests and participating in relevant meetings and policy formulation.
1On April 9, 985, the 39th United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the Guidelines for Consumer Protection. It has greatly promoted the formulation and implementation of consumer rights protection laws all over the world, and made the global consumer protection movement enter a more vigorous stage.