Classification of polysaccharides
(a) Classifying polysaccharides according to their sources
1, plant polysaccharide
Water-soluble polysaccharide, such as Chinese herbal medicine extract: angelica polysaccharide,
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,
Water-insoluble polysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, etc.
2. Animal polysaccharides
Separation and purification from animal tissues, organs and body fluids.
polysaccharide
Water-soluble mucopolysaccharide
Heparin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, porcine placenta lipopolysaccharide.
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3. Microbial polysaccharides
Keywords lentinan, poria cocos polysaccharide, tremella polysaccharide, polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide,
coriolus versicolor polysaccharide
Has remarkable effect in treating tumor and regulating organism immunity.
4. Marine polysaccharide
Isolation and purification of polysaccharides from marine and lake organisms.
Chitin (chitin, chitin), spirulina polysaccharide, etc.
(2) Polysaccharides are classified according to their physiological functions in organisms.
1, storage polysaccharide
Also known as energy storage polysaccharide
Starch and glycogen are the main storage polysaccharides in plants and animals respectively.
2. Structural polysaccharide
Water insoluble polysaccharide
Chitin, cellulose
(3) Classify polysaccharides according to their composition.
1. Isopolysaccharide (Isopolysaccharide)
It is concentrated from monosaccharide.
Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
2. Heteropolysaccharide (Heteropolysaccharide)
(heteropolysaccharide)
Formed by condensation of different monosaccharides,
Heparin, hyaluronic acid, rhubarb polysaccharide, angelica polysaccharide,
Tea polysaccharide, etc
3. Mucopolysaccharides
Also known as glycosaminoglycan.
It is a nitrogen-containing heterogeneous polysaccharide, usually uronic acid.
And hexosamine or its derivatives, some of which also contain sulfur.
Acid. Hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, etc.
Bundled sugar
Also known as glycoconjugates or complex carbohydrates, it refers to.
A compound molecule composed of sugar and non-sugar substances such as protein and lipids.
(1) Glycoprotein: The valence of sugar and protein is * * *.
Chemically bonded composite molecules. The content of sugar is generally less than that in protein.
The way of combination:
1) and hydroxyl-containing amino acids (serine, threonine, hydroxyl
Lysine, etc. ) in the form of glycoside, called O- bond.
2) The amide bond between sugar and asparagine is called N bond.
Answer the phone.
Common glycoproteins: human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein and plasma glycoprotein.
White, mucinous glycoprotein, etc.
(2) proteoglycan
This is a very complicated mixture of sugar and protein.
Macromolecule sugar complex, in which protein content is average.
Less than polysaccharide.
(3) glycolipid
It is a compound formed by combining sugar and lipid with valence bond, and the group
The general property of He Cheng is mainly lipid.
Glycolipids are sugars linked to lipids by glycosidic bonds through their reducing ends.
Depending on the lipid fraction:
1) sphingolipids containing sphingosine in the molecule.
Sphingolipids are divided into neutral and acidic sphingolipids.
Two kinds, represented by cerebroside and ganglioside respectively.
2) Glycerol glycolipid with glyceride in its molecule
(sugar, glycerol and lipids).
3) Glycolipids derived from phosphopolyterpenoid alcohols.
4) Glycolipids derived from steroids.
(4) lipopolysaccharide
Sugar is the main component of lipopolysaccharide.
Common lipopolysaccharide: placental lipopolysaccharide, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, etc.
Connected compounds.