morphological character
Platanus acerifolia is a deciduous tree with a height of12m; The bark is turquoise and smooth. The leaves are heart-shaped, palmately 3-5-lobed, with a diameter of 15-30 cm, triangular lobes, tapering at the top, heart-shaped at the base, glabrous or slightly pubescent on both sides, 7 basal veins, and the petiole is as long as the leaves. The panicle is terminal, about 20-50 cm long, and the lower branch is as long as 65438 02 cm, with lavender flowers; Calyx 5 deeply divided to the base, sepals strip-shaped, curled outward, 7-9 mm long, with yellowish pubescence on the outside and pilose on the inner surface only at the base; Pedicels are as long as flowers; The pistil of the male flower is as long as the calyx, and the lower part is thick and hairless. The anthers of 15 gather irregularly at the top of pistil, and the degenerated ovary is pear-shaped and very small. The ovary of the female flower is spherical and hairy. Follicles are membranous, stipitate, and split into leaves before maturity, with a length of 6-1 1 cm and a width of 1.5-2.5 cm. The outer surface is short or almost hairless, and each hair follicle has 2-4 seeds. The seeds are spherical with wrinkles on the surface and about 7 mm in diameter. Flowers bloom in June. [ 1]
Edit this brief introduction and differences between French phoenix tree and China phoenix tree.
Introduction of French phoenix tree French phoenix tree is a world-famous street tree, which can often be seen in parks and sidewalks in China. Now it is cultivated in Dalian, Beijing and Hebei in the north, Shaanxi and Gansu in the west, Sichuan and Yunnan in the southwest, Guangdong in the south and coastal provinces in the east. In Nanjing, people call it "Fatong" or "Fawu" for short, but it is neither a French phoenix tree nor a French phoenix tree, and the French phoenix tree we often say actually refers to "China phoenix tree". The "Platanus acerifolia" that people are used to talking about is just one kind of Platanus acerifolia. It turns out that there are 8 species of Platanus acerifolia, which are native to North America, Mexico, the Mediterranean and India. Three species were introduced to China for cultivation. There are/kloc-0 cones, 2 cones and more than 3 cones in the fruit stalk of Platanus acerifolia, so the names are different. They are called Platanus acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia and Platanus acerifolia, and they are three different species. Li's story can be summarized as: 1, Platanus orientalis (native to North America, commonly known as "Platanus orientalis" or "Platanus orientalis") 2, Platanus orientalis (commonly known as "Platanus orientalis" or "Platanus orientalis") 3. It turns out that this kind of tree, with leaves like phoenix tree, is mistaken for phoenix tree by everyone. /kloc-In the 7th century, in Oxford, England, people used Platanus acerifolia (also known as American Platanus acerifolia) and Platanus acerifolia (also known as French Platanus acerifolia) as parents to cross into Platanus acerifolia, which was named "British Platanus acerifolia". Because it is a hybrid, there is no origin. After extensive cultivation in Europe, the French brought it to Shanghai and planted it on Joffrey Avenue (now Huaihai Middle Road as a street tree). People call it "French phoenix tree", and people follow suit and regard it as phoenix tree. It is believed that many children who grew up or played in Nanjing will play with the fruit of the French phoenix tree (1925, to commemorate the construction of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, roadside trees, namely the French phoenix tree, were planted on both sides of Zhongshan Avenue and Lingyuan Road, and then there were 200,000 French phoenix trees in Nanjing under the planning of the National Government). One is to blow off the hair on the fruit, and the other is that there is a net on the seed, which the children take down and say is a small fishing net. Rise of the Legend can often be seen under the French phoenix tree in summer, which is called "moth" or "marsupial moth" in entomology. This insect will use twigs and leaflets to spin silk into a bag to protect itself. It will spin silk and hang it from the tree. If the average farmer keeps chickens at home, he will catch the chickens, cut open the bags and take out the worms to feed them. Botanically, Platanus acerifolia is a deciduous tree with a height of 35 meters. Branches spread outward and the crown is broad and rectangular. Bark is grayish green or grayish white, peeling off. Near-species buds, simple leaves alternate, big leaves, palmately 5-9-lobed, densely stellate pilose when young, and then shed. Flowering from April to May, the head is spherical. Cones droop, usually two balls in a string. In September, the fruit ripens-10, and the nut has long hair at the base. Deciduous trees, up to 35 meters high; Branches spread out and the crown is wide; Bark is grayish green, irregular flake, pink green, and smooth after flake peeling. Leaf blade triangular, 9-15cm long, 9-17cm wide, 3-5 palmately divided, with irregular sharp teeth and wavy teeth at the edge, truncated or nearly heart-shaped at the base, stellate hairs when tender, and nearly hairless at the back. Globular inflorescence 2 in diameter. 5-3.5 cm, usually 2 in a string, shaped like a bell; The flower is about 4 mm long; Sepals 4; Petals 4; Male flower; Male flowers have 4-8 stamens; The female flower has six independent carpels. Flowering in May, fruit ripening in September -65438+ 10. Introduction to Indus The real Indus, namely "Indus", belongs to the genus Indus of Indus. Its English name is Phoenix Tree, alias Qingtong and Tongma, and it is also a deciduous tree with a height of15m. The trunk is straight and the bark is green and smooth. Originally from China, it is cultivated in all provinces in the north and south, and it is also a common street tree and landscaping ornamental tree. "Flower Mirror": "Wu Tong, also known as Qingtong. The skin is green, the leaves are short of flowers, elegant and clean. The flowers in April are bright yellow and as small as jujube flowers. As a result in May and June, the pedicel is three inches long and has five edges. The seeds are decorated on it, ranging from five or six to two or three, as big as soybeans. " China phoenix tree likes light, deep and wet soil and grows fast. The fruit is divided into five sub-fruits, which are divided into boats before maturity, and the seeds are born on the edge. There are two kinds of Chinese parasol trees, one is Chinese parasol trees. One is a phoenix tree in Yunnan. The bark of buttonwood is rough, gray-black, and the leaf margin is generally three-lobed. The buttonwood trees in China are tall and burly, with knotless trunks, upright and upright, lofty and a huge green umbrella like emerald, with high momentum. The bark is smooth and green with dense leaves. From branch to branch, it looks elegant and clean. No wonder people also call it "Qingtong". The two poems, "A tree with green leaves stands erect in Chiba, Lv Yun Municipal Committee", vividly depict the verdant branches of China phoenix tree and the swaying shade of tung tree. China phoenix tree is also a beautiful ornamental plant, dotted in gardens and houses, and also planted as a street tree. The leaves are palmately shaped and split like flowers. Summer flowers, monoecious, small, yellow-green, panicles, bright and bright when in full bloom. According to folklore, Phoenix is fond of the phoenix tree, and Li Bai also wrote a poem "Know more about the husband and wife's wishes, and hold the chair far more than before". In fact, this is just a hope for a better life. There is another interesting saying about China phoenix tree, Li's story, to explain it to you: China phoenix tree can "know leap" and "know autumn". It is said that on each branch, there are 12 leaves in normal years, 6 leaves on one side, and 13 leaves in leap years. This is an accidental coincidence, but there is no such natural law. As for "knowing autumn", it is a phenology and law. "A phoenix tree leaves, the world knows autumn" is both scientific and poetic. China buttonwood bark is turquoise and smooth. The leaves are heart-shaped, palmately 3-5-lobed, with a diameter of 15-30 cm, triangular lobes, tapering at the top, heart-shaped at the base, glabrous or slightly pubescent on both sides, 7 basal veins, and the petiole is as long as the leaves. The panicle is terminal, about 20-50 cm long, the lower branch is 12 cm long, and the flowers are yellow-green; Calyx 5 deeply divided to base, sepals strip-shaped, curled outward, 7-9 mm long, externally pubescent with yellowish color, only the base is pilose; Pedicels are as long as flowers; The pistil of the male flower is as long as the calyx, and the lower part is thick and hairless. The anthers of 15 gather irregularly at the top of pistil, and the degenerated ovary is pear-shaped and very small. The ovary of the female flower is spherical and hairy. Follicles are membranous, stipitate, and split into leaves before maturity, with a length of 6-1 1 cm and a width of 1.5-2.5 cm. The outer surface is short or almost hairless, and each hair follicle has 2-4 seeds. The seeds are spherical with wrinkles on the surface and about 7 mm in diameter. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit ripens in10-165438+1October. The main difference between French phoenix tree and China phoenix tree is that the trunk of China phoenix tree is as straight as a poplar (it can be used to make a piano), and its leaves are triangular and star-shaped, and its trunk is generally not thick. In autumn, the leaves turn pale yellow, which is very poetic. The fruit is a spherical solid fruit with a diameter of about 4-5 mm and a thin shell. You can eat it raw or fried. It's only the size of a pea, and it tastes like a pea. It tastes delicious and can be picked in seasonal seasons. The trunk of French phoenix tree is very thick (not very thick, thicker than China phoenix tree), and its leaves are triangular and star-shaped, but much larger. This fruit is too small to eat. Leaves turn yellow in autumn, which is definitely not as beautiful as China phoenix tree. The canopy is very large, and because the leaves are very large, it almost completely blocks the sunlight above the canopy, so it is most suitable for sidewalk shade trees. The flowers of China phoenix tree and the leaves of France phoenix tree also have their own characteristics: the trumpet-shaped flowers are China phoenix tree, and one side of the palm-shaped leaves is French phoenix tree. There is also an interesting folk saying: the French phoenix tree will give birth to caterpillars, but the China phoenix tree will not! [2]
geographical distribution
Produced in northern and southern provinces of China, it is cultivated from Hainan Island to North China. Also distributed in Japan. Most of them are cultivated artificially. [ 1]
Growth characteristics
Buttonwood likes light. Like warm climate, not cold-resistant. Suitable for fertile, moist sandy loam, such as alkali. Roots are fleshy, water-resistant, deep and thick; The germination ability is weak, so it is generally not suitable for pruning. It grows fast and has a long life span, and can live 100 years. In the growing season, the roots rot and die after being flooded for 3 ~ 5 days. Leaves grow late and fall early in autumn. Leaves, flowers, roots and seeds can all be used as medicine, and seeds can also be fried to extract oil. It has strong resistance to a variety of toxic gases. Afraid of viral diseases, moths and strong winds. It should be planted on the edge of villages, houses, hillsides and limestone hillsides. [3]
cultivation techniques
China phoenix leaf
Platanus acerifolia is often propagated by sowing, or by cutting and rooting. Harvest the fruit when it is ripe in autumn, dry it and thresh it, then sow it in the autumn of that year, or store it in sand until the spring of the next year. The row spacing of drilling holes is 25 cm, the thickness of covering soil is about 1.5 cm ... and the sowing amount per mu is about 15 kg. Seeds germinate regularly, 4-5 weeks after sowing. Dry-stored seeds often germinate unevenly, so they can be soaked in warm water before sowing to accelerate germination. Under normal management, the height of the seedlings in that year can reach more than 50 cm, and then they will be planted and cultivated in the next year. Three-year-old seedlings can leave the nursery. The planting place should be chosen in a high and dry place, and base fertilizer should be applied in the hole. After drying, the incision should be sealed with wax. Pay attention to pests such as Gynostemma pentaphyllum, litchi stinkbug and Hymenoptera. Can be controlled by petroleum emulsion, dichlorvos, dimethoate and methamidophos. In the north, young trees should be wrapped with straw ropes to keep out the cold in winter. Fertilize once in winter and once in early spring. [4]
Edit the economic value of this paragraph
Buttonwood is an ornamental tree planted in the garden. Wood is light and soft, which is a good material for making wooden boxes and musical instruments. The fried seeds can be eaten or pressed with oil, and the oil is non-drying oil. Root bark, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds can all be used as medicine to treat diarrhea, hernia and premature gray hair, and have the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials. The fiber of bark is white and can be used for papermaking and rope weaving. Wood shavings can leach out mucus, which is called wood shavings moistening hair. [ 1][4]
Edit this gardening landscape.
The trunk of buttonwood is tall and thick, with lush foliage, oval crown, straight trunk end, smooth and green bark, thick and green lateral branches. It grows rapidly, survives easily and is resistant to pruning, so it is widely planted as a street greening tree species and also as a fast-growing tree species; It has a strong antagonistic effect on toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine. Leaves, flowers, roots and seeds can be used as medicine.
Sycamore tree (4 pieces) [4]
Wutongzi
Fig tree is a dry and mature seed of fig tree. Harvest from late autumn to early winter, remove impurities and dry in the sun. Dry seeds, spherical or quasi-circular, 6 ~ 8 mm in diameter, yellowish brown to dark brown, and the surface shrinks into a network. The outer seed coat is fragile and easy to break, and the inner seed coat is tough. After removal, there is a thick yellowish endosperm inside; Cotyledons are thin and large, close to endosperm, and radicle is located at the narrower end. The smell and taste are very mild. It is best to be large, full, brown and free of impurities. Tao Shen lived in a simple house and said, "There are four kinds of tung trees, and the leaves of tung trees are as green as seedless trees. Indus is white, leaves are like green trees with children, and fertilizer is edible. " Li Shizhen said, "Platanus acerifolia can be seen everywhere. Trees are like tung trees, but the skin is green, the wood is straight without knots, the management is fine and the sex is tight. The leaves are small, smooth and sharp. Its flowers are very thin and fall like bottles. Its pods are three inches long and five pieces are put together. When you get old, it will crack like a dustpan, so it is called squatting. His son is attached to scorpions, with five or six more and two or three less. The seeds are as big as peppers, and the skin is wrinkled. His son, Gan Ping, is nontoxic. " Textual research shows that the sycamore recorded in Zheng He's Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica belongs to Sycamore.
Edit the cultural connotation of this paragraph.
Ancient poetry chanting buttonwood
Because the phoenix tree is tall and straight, it is the crown of the tree. It has been valued since ancient times. It is often associated with the phoenix. Phoenix is the king of birds. Phoenix is most willing to inhabit the phoenix tree, which shows the nobility of phoenix tree. In China's Book of Songs, there is a record about the Chinese parasol tree. In the Book of Songs, in the elegant scroll, there is a poem that reads: "Feng Huangming has left, and he is in Gorkon. The phoenix tree was born in the morning. It's growing and embarrassing. This poem is about the lush growth of the phoenix tree, which attracted the crow of the phoenix. It is the luxuriant phoenix tree; Yong Yong Bo, it's the voice of Feng Ming. In Zhuangzi's Autumn Water, I also talked about the phoenix tree. Talking about Zhuangzi's meeting Keiko, he said, "There are birds in the south, and their names are young. What do you know about them? Husband and child, born in the South China Sea and flying in the North Sea, are not just phoenix trees ... "In this article, phoenix trees are also linked, and the" young "here is a kind of phoenix. He said that the phoenix flew from the South China Sea to the North Sea, and it landed on the North Sea when it met the buttonwood tree. It can be seen that the phoenix tree is noble. In the thirty-seventh chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is such a description: "The phoenix flies thousands of miles away and does not live on the road; Master is on one side, not the Lord. "Because the ancients often associated the phoenix with the phoenix, today people often say," If you plant a plane tree, you will have your own phoenix. " Therefore, in the past, in a well-off family, phoenix trees were often planted in the yard, not only because of its imposing manner, but also because it was a symbol of good luck. [5]
Lyrics of the song "buttonwood"
A distant autumn wind drove away the familiar leaves, and there was no warm shade from then on. I can't hear you. I can't hear the tranquility in the forest ... the buttonwood in my childhood ... the buttonwood in my youth ... the buttonwood in my heart ... Ah ... the buttonwood in my heart blew an autumn wind from a distance, and the fruit on the tree hung up until sowing time. Oh, everywhere. There are life spirits everywhere ... my childhood buttonwood ... my heart buttonwood ... my youth buttonwood ... my heart buttonwood ... ah ... my heart buttonwood.
Feng Zikai's Wu Tongshu
There are several buttonwood trees in front of the window of the apartment building. These are all things from the next yard, but they are all mine in form. Because they are at a proper distance from me, it seems that they are specially planted for me to see. Their owners may know their state better than I do; But what about their overall appearance? Because it must be seen from a considerable distance. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem saying, "The mountains are far away, and the beginning is tolerant". I thought trees were the same. Since early summer, these phoenix trees have shown various appearances in front of me with heavy makeup and caressing gestures. In late spring and early summer, I saw the sight of Xintong bovine colostrum. Those little yellow leaves clustered on the bare branches, like a tree lamp, like a clip-and-paste pattern of primary school students, arranged evenly and childlike. There are also various techniques for plants to grow leaves. Some metabolism, deceptive eyes secretly turn green and yellow. Some of them are so tiny that people don't realize that they have changed from bare branches to green leaves. Only the leaves of the buttonwood tree are the most clumsy, but the attitude is the most frank. Their branches are sparse and thick, and their leaves are flat and big. All the leaves are alive, and the whole tree is obviously deformed. In summer, I saw the green leaves turn into shade again. Those round fans have big leaves. Grow layer by layer. At first glance, there is no gap, like a big green shovel, and like a castle peak in a pattern painting. Among my common garden plants, except bananas, leaves are as big as phoenix trees. Although banana leaves are large in shape and few in number, it takes several days for lilacs to unfold a leaf, and the leaves of the whole tree are few and far between. Although the aircraft blades are not as big as them, they are more numerous. This thing like a pig's ear hangs from the low branch to the top of the tree. There are several buttonwood trees in front of the window. I think there is too much green. The ancients said that "the banana is divided into green screens", and the field of vision is too low, just what you see under the front window. If you go upstairs and look out, bananas will fall under your eyes, and you should see the phoenix tree being divided into green screens. A month later, I saw the fallen leaves of the plane again. What a sad expression! At first, green darkens and becomes dark green; Later it changed from dark green to brown; The north wind came together, and they made a fuss. The big yellow leaves began to quit. At first, one or two leaves suddenly fell off. Later, a large number of leaves flew down in droves, as if someone had dropped something from a tall building. The branches gradually became empty, revealing the house behind the tree. Finally, only a few branches were left, returning to the face of early spring. These days, they stood at my window empty-handed, like bachelors who had been married and had children, and their families were ruined. What a pity! I think of an ancient poem: "The trees are high in the mountains, and the wind blows away the leaves." . Wan Li road, why also. Bud: "Now, if we want to collect all their fallen leaves, let them turn green together, let the old branches return, and restore the summer scene, even if we rely on the strength of all the dominators in the world and do the efficiency of all the machinery in the world, it is impossible." There are many things in the world that will turn yellow and green, but nothing can symbolize sadness more than fallen leaves, especially buttonwood leaves. Falling flowers have also been sad. But the life span of flowers is very short, just like a baby dies at birth. Although we pity him, we are not sad because we haven't spent much time with him and have few memories. The life span of leaves is much longer than that of flowers, especially the leaves of Indus, which occupied more than half a year from birth to extinction, and it was so lush and grand! In front of me, a few piles of green, thick, once went up in smoke! The symbol of impermanence is nothing more than this! But their owners, I'm afraid, don't feel this sadness. Because although they planted it and bought it all, they have never seen the above scene. They just sit under the window and look at their roots, stand in front of the steps and look up at their branches and leaves, sweeping the leaves for them. How can you look at their faces? How does Bud feel its own symbol? Bud knows that nature can't possess. As we all know, art can't be possessed.