The concept of "ground source heat pump" was first put forward by Swiss experts in 19 12, and the technology was put forward by Britain and the United States.
1946, the United States built the first ground source heat pump system in the center of portland, Oregon. However, this way of energy utilization did not attract wide attention from all walks of life at that time, and it did not develop much in technology and theory.
In 1950s, Europe began the first climax of studying ground source heat pump. However, due to the low energy price at that time, this system was not economical, so it was not popularized. It was not until the first global energy crisis appeared in the early 1970s that people began to pay attention to it. Many companies started the research, production and installation of ground source heat pumps. During this period, many horizontal ground source heat pumps were established in Europe, which were mainly used for heating in winter. Although Europe is the most mature area for developing ground source heat pump in the world, the development of ground source heat pump has taken a detour because heat pump experts do not know the installation technology and installation workers do not know the principle of heat pump.
With the progress of science and technology, the laws on energy consumption and environmental pollution are more and more strict, and the development of ground source heat pump has ushered in another climax. Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and other European countries vigorously promote the heating and refrigeration technology of ground source heat pump. The government has adopted the corresponding subsidy policy and protection policy, which makes the production and application scope of ground source heat pump expand rapidly. In the late 1980s, the technology of ground source heat pump was mature, and more scientists devoted themselves to the research of underground system, striving to improve the efficiency of heat absorption and heat conduction, and at the same time paying more and more attention to the impact on the environment. The output of ground source heat pump is increasing year by year, and the annual growth rate of Switzerland and Sweden exceeds 10%. The production and popularization of ground source heat pumps in the United States are very fast, and the technology is developing rapidly, making it the country with the largest production and use of ground source heat pumps in the world.
Judging from the application of ground source heat pump, the Nordic countries mainly provide heating in winter, while the United States pays attention to combined supply in winter and summer. Because the climate conditions in the United States are very similar to those in China, it is significant to study the application of ground source heat pump in the United States for the development of ground source heat pump in China.
In 2005, the United States Department of Commerce and the University of Missouri established the Joint Office of Environment and Energy Technology (ETO), which included the work of the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association in China in its plan.
Application of Ground Source Heat Pump in China
The ground source heat pump system is a good thing that is warm in winter and cool in summer. Understand the development and present situation of ground source heat pump in China, and provide reference for popularizing technology.
As early as 1950s, China tried to extract groundwater for refrigeration in Shanghai and Tianjin. Professor Lv Canren from Thermal Energy Research Institute of Tianjin University successfully developed the first water-cooled heat pump air conditioner in China in 1965. 65438-0997 China's Ministry of Science and Technology and the US Department of Energy signed a Sino-US cooperation protocol on energy efficiency and renewable energy, one of which is the development strategy of ground source heat pump. From 65438 to 0998, China and the United States decided to build three demonstration projects of ground source heat pumps in Beijing (representing the northern cold region), Ningbo (representing the central hot summer and cold winter region) and Guangzhou (representing the southern subtropical region). The northern demonstration project is the comprehensive office building and expert building of Beijing Food Fermentation Research Institute, the central demonstration project is Ningbo Youngor Industrial City, and the southern demonstration project is Guangzhou Song Tian Vocational and Technical College. Among these three demonstration projects, two are underground water source heat pump systems and one is a composite underground water source heat pump system.
The development of ground source heat pump mainly started from 1998. Several universities in China have established ground source heat pump test beds, and most of them have carried out long-term joint operation of underground heat exchangers and ground source heat pump equipment. The ground source heat pump system was adopted for the first time in the office building of Minhang Development Zone in Shanghai, and it was put into operation in June 1989. Its technology and equipment are provided by the United States and are well used. At present, many universities and research institutions in China, such as Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, Chongqing University, Tianjin Business School, Shandong Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and Guangzhou Institute of Energy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, are studying water source heat pumps, among which Tsinghua University has achieved industrialization results after years of research on multi-mode water source heat pumps.
The development and utilization of ground source heat pump in China started late, and the ground source heat pump system was popularized and studied in the 1990s. Mainly used for building heating in winter and cooling in summer. Since 2000, the development and utilization of ground source heat pump has been widely promoted nationwide, with an annual growth rate of 10- 15%. Beijing and Tianjin have the fastest development. According to the data of China Geological Survey, by the end of 2005, the application area of shallow geothermal energy was about 20 million square meters. Since 2005, the application of water source heat pump in China has obviously accelerated. Because this technology is mature, it will enter the stage of large-scale popularization and application in China.
Beijing is a city with better popularization of ground source heat pump technology in China. The main reason is that in recent years, according to the urban energy development strategy and heating planning, Beijing banned the use of coal-fired boilers for heating in the inner city of the Fifth Ring Road, and encouraged the application of clean energy such as oil, gas, geothermal energy and solar energy. Up to now, Beijing is growing at a rate of 1.5-20% every year. More than 5 million square meters of buildings in Beijing use ground source heat pump system for heating (cooling), of which about 2/3 are public buildings and 1/3 are residential buildings. Ground source heat pump construction projects include residential buildings, office buildings, high-class hotels, schools, kindergartens, shopping malls, hospitals, nursing homes, archives, stadiums, factories, sewage stations, landscape pools and so on.
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