First, the significance of the whole process of municipal engineering cost management
The construction process of municipal engineering is complicated. The traditional cost management method only pays attention to the construction stage of the project, ignoring the influence of the previous project scheme and design on the cost, and does not include the maintenance and change costs in the later stage. The cost control method based on construction period is unsustainable, and it can't really guarantee the overall cost management of municipal engineering. The cost management based on the whole process is to consider the pre-planning stage, design stage, construction stage and operation stage of the project as a whole, so as to better sort out the mutual influence of the cost of each stage. More importantly, the whole process cost management method can always combine the participants of municipal engineering, provide them with information and feedback better, and realize the smooth communication of cost information.
Second, the whole process of municipal engineering cost control and management methods
1, cost control in decision-making stage
In the project decision-making stage, it is necessary to start to manage the municipal engineering cost, and the main body of management at this stage is the construction unit. In the decision-making stage, the specific site selection and surrounding social and economic conditions of municipal engineering are studied in detail, and the scale of the whole project is initially determined to ensure the basic supply of resources and funds. On the one hand, it is necessary to plan the overall situation of the project, make an overall budget for the project investment, analyze the economic, social and environmental benefits of the project from a macro perspective, and finally determine the project financing plan. In the stage of project decision-making, the primary factors affecting the project cost include the size of construction scale, the choice of construction site, equipment scheme, technical scheme, engineering scheme and environmental protection method. Therefore, in decision-making cost management, we must set the project scale according to the actual situation, compare the construction site with various schemes, and ensure the operability and cost rationality of the project through feasibility analysis.
2. Cost management in the design stage
The design cycle of the project has an important impact on the project cost. Municipal engineering design in the design stage directly or indirectly affects the cost of construction projects from the aspects of material selection, construction methods, personnel and machinery needs, and the influence of construction period. In the design, the function division of general graphic design plate and the choice of transportation scheme, the standard of process design, the design of product scheme and process flow, and the choice of structure, modeling, materials and equipment in architectural design are all the main influencing factors. In the design stage, municipal engineering must be better controlled through quota design. First of all, a large part of the cost of municipal engineering comes from the procurement of various municipal materials, and the control of material price and quantity must be carried out from the design stage. In the municipal engineering design, it is necessary to define the cost limit of the construction project, and carry out the municipal engineering design according to the limit, the specific situation on site and the owner's requirements. For municipal roads, according to the survey report and the actual situation of the geographical environment, the design should be carried out in accordance with the principle of the most economic benefits and practical effects. For municipal pipe network engineering, it is necessary to select materials, divide functions and design the basic pattern of pipe network with different functions. In the design of municipal engineering, the scheme should be optimized within the quota to ensure the comprehensive goals of cost, quality and progress of construction projects.
3. Cost management in the construction stage
The construction period is the longest period above the municipal construction project, and it is also the period to realize the original design idea. The cost control directly involved in the construction stage includes engineering measurement and settlement, engineering change control and claim control. In addition, the arrangement of various human resources machines involved in the construction stage, the overlapping of various processes and the complexity of construction conditions will all have an impact on the municipal engineering cost. Therefore, in the cost control of municipal engineering construction period, it is not only the cost control itself, but also the multi-level control process such as site distribution, schedule arrangement and construction technology application. When controlling the cost in the construction stage, we should first do enough control beforehand, that is, analyze the basic construction cost, summarize the demand for talents and machines, and then make reasonable arrangements. At the same time, through the construction organization design, grasp the whole construction process and ensure the smooth implementation of the design ideas. During the construction, the concealed works under the municipal engineering need to be measured in advance, and the engineering quantity should be measured in time.
4. Cost management in the final acceptance stage
Completion settlement and final accounts are the last link of the whole project cost. During the completion acceptance, it is necessary to grasp the whole project as a whole, including the recheck of engineering quantity, the quality inspection and test of project completion, and the post-evaluation of the whole project data research. In the process of completion acceptance, we should be familiar with the drawings, review the quantities and study the completion data according to the quantities in the bidding documents and contracts. When auditing, we must go to the construction site for auditing, check whether the contents on the visa form are duplicated with those contained in the design quota, and strictly review the rationality and correctness of the construction contract, quota application and policy change. After the project is completed, it is necessary to analyze and summarize the whole project cost process, so as to provide relevant experience for future construction. First of all, it is necessary to make clear the difference between the investment budget, design budget, construction drawing budget and completion settlement of the whole project, and make clear the primary items of change in construction and the specific control points of project cost control. When doing the completion settlement, sometimes it is necessary to do the project cost audit, which is also an extremely important link. After the independent audit unit reviews the project cost, it can ensure the rational use of construction project funds.
5. The whole process cost control of municipal engineering based on information technology.
The whole process cost control needs to take into account the project participants such as the construction unit, design unit, survey unit, construction unit, material supply unit and audit institution, as well as the mutual influence between the various processes of the construction project. It is necessary to link many participants with decentralized and independent construction procedures to carry out comprehensive cost control and management, and it is necessary to use information technology as a platform for information transmission and exchange among participants. Using this information platform, firstly, a number of participants are gathered, so that these participants can better control the project and participate in the cost management control of construction projects earlier and faster. At the same time, the platform can better connect the information of each stage, ensure the better transmission and feedback of project cost information, and then improve the whole process cost control of municipal engineering projects.
Municipal engineering itself is an open-air project, with many operations, complex engineering environment, and many personnel, equipment and materials. All parts of the life cycle should be considered comprehensively. The professionals of municipal engineering cost must be clear about the relationship between different periods and better cooperate with the personnel at different stages, so as to better realize the cost management of the whole process of municipal engineering and ensure the smooth progress of the project.
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