Counselors, as soldiers struggling in the front line of student work, should be the vanguard and main force to master students' ideological trends, solve students' practical problems, care about students' physical and mental growth and promote their all-round development. In order to play the multiple roles of ideological educator, life guide, career planner and psychological counselor in the process of students' growth, we must fully grasp the physical and mental characteristics of college students, especially to find out the current psychological activities of college students and adjust measures to local conditions. Only by keeping pace with the times, pioneering and enterprising, and integrating theory with practice, can the ideological and political education of college students be modernized, internationalized and advanced.
First, the typical psychological phenomenon of college students
1. Identity psychology
The psychological effect of identity refers to people's emotional and cognitive recognition of the significance of an event, which obviously affects their evaluation, attitude and behavior towards the event, that is, psychological identity restricts people's attitude and behavior towards a particular event. In the process of college students' ideological and political education, identity psychology mainly means that college students actively accept the influence of counselors in thought, emotion, attitude and behavior, and actively approach counselors in attitude and behavior. Specifically, college students appreciate counselors' personal character, show recognition and acceptance of counselors' values, lifestyles and working methods, can absorb counselors' opinions and suggestions, and have the willingness and attitude to approach counselors actively in thought and behavior. Creating conditions to stimulate students' identity psychology is beneficial for counselors to educate and guide students in thought, study, life and work.
2. Persistent psychology
Perseverance psychology refers to the psychological process that college students are extremely firm and convinced of what they know, and use it as a guide for their own actions to restrict and standardize their various practical activities. In ideological and political education, persistent psychology has two sides. If students' attention is focused on the positive educational content, so that students can have a positive emotional experience of the school's policies and systems and teachers' management methods, students can easily accept the school's education and management, actively respond to the school's policies and unswervingly implement the school's management measures. On the contrary, if students have a negative impression on the school or teachers and stubbornly reinforce this bad impression, it is easy for them to get into trouble. Therefore, correctly grasping the orientation of college students' persistent psychology and guiding them to have positive recognition and belief in school education and management is conducive to promoting the in-depth and all-round development of student work.
3. rebellious psychology
Rebellious psychology refers to the deviation of college students' will, wishes, demands, emotions and behaviors from educational goals, accompanied by wrong emotions and attitudes such as indifference, boredom, conflict, opposition and disgust, which is a psychological phenomenon that hinders college students from receiving school education and management. If the educational content is not simply and repeatedly delivered according to the psychological needs and personality characteristics of college students, it is easy for college students to have rebellious psychology. Once college students are bored and resistant to educators or educational content, it will be more difficult to carry out ideological and political education for college students.
4. Conformity psychology
Due to the pressure of the group, college students tend to be consistent with most people in the group in perception, judgment, belief or behavior. This behavior tendency of individuals following groups is conformity tendency. In most cases, college students' acceptance and recognition of a certain phenomenon or thing depends on others' behaviors and decisions. When most group members agree with this phenomenon, individual college students are more likely to be assimilated by group behavior and produce herd behavior.
Indifferent to psychology
Indifference psychology means that college students have no feelings for people, things or things around them, are indifferent to all activities, have no passion, and hold an "indifferent" attitude towards everything. Lack of motivation to learn, lack of enthusiasm for activities and lack of communication with others will inevitably lead to the negative and decadent image of college students in life. The direct consequence of ignoring psychology is that students lose confidence in life and lack the motivation to struggle, and finally let students waste their time and do nothing.
Second, the typical psychological case analysis of college students
(A) Identity psychology case analysis
1. Example shows
At the beginning of freshman year, Xiaowen came into my office because it was difficult to submit the application form. I didn't have much work at that time, so I talked to her. From college entrance examination to high school life, to family situation, until finally Xiaowen couldn't help sharing his childhood experience with me. The whole conversation lasted about 2 hours. When we finally broke up, Xiaowen said to me, Teacher, you understand me too much. It was really nice talking to you. I will come to chat with you often in the future. Since then, Xiaowen has come to chat with me regularly, sometimes sharing the happiness of life, sometimes pouring out the bitterness of study, and sometimes talking about some difficulties at home. Every time I chat with Xiaowen, while listening to her story, I constantly give her comfort and encouragement, give her some opinions and suggestions, and solve her academic and life difficulties. She accepted it gladly. A semester has passed, and Xiaowen's final exam results are the first in the class and the third in the whole major. At the same time, I also served as the director of the student union and participated in the comprehensive quality practice project of the school. All aspects of performance are very outstanding.
2. Case analysis
In fact, the initial chat with Xiaowen was just an accident, but through the first chat, I learned that Xiaowen is an emotionally sensitive, quiet and introverted girl with a little inferiority. It was also in the first chat that I showed great interest in her conversation, fully understood and respected her ideas, and gave her full encouragement and affirmation. This made her recognize me in her heart and have a preliminary trust and affection for me. Every conversation gives Xiaowen a stage to show herself, so that she can gradually rest assured of my vigilance, from recognizing my words to recognizing my intrinsic value. This gradual strengthening of identity psychology makes it easy for her to accept some of my thoughts, attitudes and behaviors, showing her willingness and needs to approach me actively. And I will seize this opportunity, input some positive ideas to her, encourage her to try all kinds of ideas, and guide her to develop in the direction of optimism, diligence, hard work and enterprising. Based on her early recognition of me, my suggestion was easily accepted by her, and brought her to a benign space for self-improvement, which eventually prompted her to achieve excellent results in all aspects.
3. Experience summary
(1) Respect is the basic premise.
Usually, in view of the majesty of the teacher, students generally do not take the initiative to communicate with the teacher. Therefore, once students have the courage to confide in their teachers, teachers should fully respect their words and deeds. Regardless of the student's personality, previous performance, conversation content and current emotional state, we should put aside our prejudice and rigid evaluation of the student, listen to his conversation carefully, and only give oral or body language responses to his current conversation. Do not hold any position, do not make any comments, based on respect, open your heart to communicate with students, which is the basic prerequisite for students' recognition.
(2) Understanding is the key element.
Giving full understanding and support to students' words and deeds on the basis of respect is the core element to promote the further development of teacher-student relationship. Many students stay away from their teachers, and even have resistance and rejection because of the psychological distance between students and teachers. Students feel that there is a generation gap with teachers, and their ideas are not recognized by teachers. A teacher will always be a condescending educator and will not fully consider his own ideas from his own standpoint. Therefore, if the teacher can consider the problem from the standpoint of the students and fully understand what the students have experienced and felt, it will inevitably narrow the psychological distance between them and completely break the students' defense against the teacher.
(3) Encouragement is an important guarantee.
To achieve the first two points, students basically have no worries about teachers, and their recognition of teachers is relatively high. In this case, we should seize the opportunity, pursue victory, and give students good opinions and suggestions in some aspects with the help of students' trust and recognition. Generally speaking, it is easier for students to guide teachers at this time. Students will gradually realize that teachers really put forward good educational opinions for their growth and development on the premise of accepting themselves. At this time, the encouragement to students is no longer regarded as the imposition of educators' personal ideas, but a friendly hint to students' vital interests, which students will not only accept gladly, but even be grateful.
(B) Case analysis of lasting psychology
1. Example shows
Xiaojun is a child with strong personality. From his freshman year, he was curious about all kinds of things and tried various activities constantly, hoping that he could excel in all fields. Xiaojun is the monitor, because I have more contact with class affairs. Every time I chat, he will report some recent work status to me and discuss some work implementation plans with me. His comprehensive ability is particularly outstanding. Although it seems on the surface that Xiaojun's life is very fulfilling, he has developed well in all aspects and is an enviable generalist. But from some of his nonverbal behaviors, I can probably detect his inner fatigue. After talking with him several times, he also revealed that he was a little overwhelmed in some work, busy every day and under great physical and psychological pressure. I have also stressed to him several times that we should put down some things properly to relax ourselves. At first, he was noncommittal about my suggestion and was more persistent in his work. Every time I see him, his fatigue is more obvious and his work efficiency drops. Later, I had an in-depth chat with him. The theme of this chat is not how to be a perfect person, but how to be a happy person. By sharing his feelings and experiences about life with him, he gradually realized that the meaning of life is not to prove his perfection to the outside world, but to enrich himself, let him feel the happiness of life, and let him learn to understand the process of life, rather than simply chasing the results of life. After this chat, he had a new orientation for himself and began to focus on his favorite things. Slowly, he made proud achievements in this respect, and his physical and mental state improved obviously.
2. Case analysis
Xiaojun is a typical student pursuing perfection. At first, his persistent pursuit of perfection even reached a certain paranoid state. This persistent psychology is a good thing in some cases, which can make students work hard in the direction they are interested in and finally achieve their goals and wishes. However, if this persistence is too fixed and leads you in a direction that is unfavorable to you, and the parties are still enjoying it without realizing it, then persistence is no longer a good thing for students. At first Xiaojun was persuaded, but he didn't listen at all. He lives according to his own ideas, but his mentality has completely affected his mental health and quality of life. On the surface, the guidance didn't work, so I changed my mind. I no longer discuss with him the details of work choice and time arrangement, but turn to a deep dialogue with my heart. Through the discussion of happiness, his concept and attitude towards life have changed, and he realized that the value of his life lies not in blindly pursuing perfection, but in showing his life value on the premise of respecting and enjoying life. When Xiaojun realized that his previous persistence was no longer a thrust but a resistance to his own development, he began to adjust his cognition and behavior automatically and consciously, and turned his previous excessive persistence into a reasonable persistence, and finally reached a state of physical and mental harmony.
3. Experience summary
(1) See the essence through the phenomenon.
Generally speaking, we always trust our eyes and ears, and believe what we see and hear. But many times, what we see and hear is not necessarily the truth. Especially in the process of contact with students, many students consciously or unconsciously hide themselves, presenting us with a positive and optimistic external image, but there is a kind of inferiority and timidity in their hearts. If our counselors are not good at careful observation, they are easily confused by the students' performance and can't see through the essence of things. Therefore, in daily student management, we should pay full attention to details, be good at finding anomalies from students' nonverbal information, such as colors, eyes, facial expressions, body movements, etc., and dig deep through effective methods to clear the fog layer by layer, and finally find out the root of students' problems.
(2) Clear the problem and grasp the contradiction.
Sometimes, students may have more than one question, but more than one. But it is often the core essence that has an important influence on students in the end. Therefore, how to find this problem and grasp the key point of contradiction is the breakthrough to successfully solve the student problem. This requires counselors to clarify their thinking, prioritize the problems, determine the core issues and find the key points with their own experience under the premise of mastering all the problems of students. Some students have told you a lot of things, which seem to involve work, study, life and other aspects, but in fact, through our observation and analysis, it is easy to see that the core of the matter is excessive psychological pressure. Therefore, when solving students' problems, we should grasp the main contradiction of things and focus on the essential problem, that is, relieve their psychological pressure, instead of scratching on the surface with leather boots.
(3) the right medicine, targeted.
After clarifying the problem, it is necessary to provide students with ideas and solutions to solve the problem according to their actual situation. In fact, most students know how to solve their inner entanglements and pains after understanding their own crux. For some students who are still at a loss about their current situation after seeing the problem clearly, on the one hand, they should give guidance on methods, on the other hand, they should create an environment for them to feel and understand themselves, and finally complete self-redemption.
(C) Case analysis of rebellious psychology
1. Example shows
Tong Tong is a child of a single-parent family. His parents divorced at an early age and lived with his mother since childhood. Due to the pressure of life, his mother usually shows little emotional concern for him. Since entering the university, Tong Tong has shown obvious rebellious psychological tendency in his study and life. First of all, I never say hello when I meet a teacher. I just blinked and turned around. Secondly, in class, he always goes against the teacher. The teacher talks above, and he always talks back below. The teacher reminded him to pay attention to classroom discipline, and he always made all kinds of strange moves and made noises. I don't get along well with my classmates again. I don't take an active part in the group activities in my class. I always act alone. Even if he goes to some activities that he is forced to participate in, he will make trouble on the spot and destroy the atmosphere of collective activities. Knowing this, I talked with Tong Tong and learned more from him. The first conversation was very short, less than ten minutes. During the whole process, Tong Tong spoke no more than ten sentences and kept his head down. The second conversation lasted nearly half an hour. Tong Tong still said very little, but he became interested in my words and expressed his willingness to listen. By the fifth time, Tong Tong was willing to talk freely with me. After five conversations, I fully understood the real reason of Tong Tong's life, inner thoughts and rebellious psychology. Then, I continued to talk to Tong Tong once a week. On the other hand, I also told my classmates to give him more care and help so that he could feel the warmth of the group. Two months later, Tong Tong's rebellious attitude has been greatly improved. He did well in class, got along well with his classmates and was polite to his teachers, just like a different person.
2. Case analysis
Tong Tong's rebellious mentality is actually related to his growing experience. My parents divorced when I was a child, lacking the warmth of the family, and my mother had to earn money to support her family, paying less attention to him. He grew up in an environment without love, and there was a kind of loneliness, resentment and even hostility in his heart. His performance in front of teachers and classmates, on the one hand, is to attract everyone's attention through his abnormal words and deeds, on the other hand, he also wants to get a sense of revenge in this way. Therefore, in view of Tong Tong's psychology, I didn't force him to speak his mind in the first conversation, but always showed my concern and love for him. Before the second conversation, I actually knew something about his mother and classmates, so I knew something about his growth experience, hobbies and so on. The content of the second conversation is mostly related to himself and can arouse his interest. This will make him feel my concern for him and slowly put down his guard. Later, through further communication and students' care and help, Tong Tong gradually felt everyone's sincerity and concern, and his inner resistance gradually faded. He began to accept the friendship of teachers and classmates, and began to reflect on and improve his previous words and deeds, and finally presented a brand-new self to everyone.
3. Experience summary
(1) impress students with sincerity
In the process of communicating with students, sincerity is particularly important. If the counselor is not genuinely concerned about the students, but insincere and perfunctory, it will be easily seen through by the students, which will make the students feel shy and disgusted with the counselor, which is very unfavorable to the development of student work. Especially for rebellious students, sincerity is the only way to impress him. Only through face-to-face and heart-to-heart communication can students feel the closeness of teachers, thus laying a solid foundation for progressive education.
(2) Influence students with true love.
Most students with rebellious mentality have experienced some unusual special events in the process of growing up, and they have some unique experiences that are unknown in their hearts. Most of their rebellious psychology stems from the lack of love in childhood or adolescence, which leads them to be full of indignation at this indifferent world after graduation from college, and hope to attract the attention of others through their own actions to get care. Therefore, the key to solving these students' problems is to give them full care, let them be surrounded by love, and finally know how to accept and share their love for others.
(3) Warm students with true feelings
Short-term care for rebellious students can help them escape from negative experiences and start a new life. But if this kind of love is not lasting, the psychological changes of students are also short-lived. Constantly giving students with rebellious psychology positive psychological attention, regularly strengthening students' positive psychological experience, transforming short-term concern into permanent true feelings, and letting students with rebellious psychology bathe in the ocean of love from teachers and classmates all the time can completely correct their cognitive deviation and promote their spiritual growth and maturity.
(D) Example analysis of herd mentality
1. Example shows
For every student, college life is a brand-new life, full of temptation, competition, hope and possibility. Students have opened their own university doors with all kinds of novelty and lived their own university life, but not just their own university life. Since a large number of young people got together, everyone's behavior has influenced each other. College students tend to follow suit. For example, some students saw other students join a club, but they joined in even though they were not interested in it. Some students don't have a deep understanding of the party and their motives for joining the party are not clear, but when they see students scrambling to join the party, they also submit their applications for joining the party with the crowd. Some students didn't plan to fall in love during college. When they saw other students falling in love, they felt that it seemed a little out of touch that they didn't fall in love, so they also casually found someone to chat and play. This phenomenon is too numerous to mention.
2. Case analysis
Conformity pervades every corner of the university, which affects the study and life of college students more or less. The main reason for conformity is that students do not have a correct understanding and orientation of themselves, so when others do something, it is easy to follow others' ideas. There are also two kinds of coincidence, one is in true cluster, and the other is equity coincidence. The former means that college students tend to be consistent with the behavior of the group or other members of the group in their thoughts, attitudes and behaviors. The latter means that although college students keep pace with most of their classmates in action, they don't recognize this behavior in their hearts. They are just worried that if they don't associate with others, they will be excluded by other students, or that their deviation from the collective behavior will attract different eyes, so they pretend to be consistent with other students in their behavior. For students who really follow the crowd, adjusting their cognition is the key. Tell them that the real life of college students should be planned and controlled by themselves, and other people's choices may not be suitable for them: if they are not interested in clubs or have no ability to join a club, there is no need to force themselves to follow suit; We should decide whether to join the party according to our own beliefs, and at the same time, we should consider whether our own conditions meet the requirements of party member, not blindly following other people's beliefs, and have a correct orientation for ourselves; Love is a beautiful form of emotional expression, a natural way of communication after two people hit it off, not for comparison. For the conformity of rights and interests, tell them that they don't need to be afraid of other people's eyes and live their true selves according to their inner thoughts. At the same time, I also told them that even if their behavior is inconsistent with other students, they will not be criticized and accused by other students, so that they can let go of their emotional burdens and face their true selves bravely.
3. Experience summary
(1) Guide students to recognize correctly.
Cognition is the basic premise of behavior. The real reason behind college students' blind conformity is that they lack a correct understanding of themselves, are not firm enough in their personal beliefs, values and attitudes, and have no clear and reasonable self-orientation. Therefore, when most students are engaged in a certain behavior, it is easy to shake their positions and take herd behavior against their original intention. Only by guiding students to know themselves correctly, to clarify their world outlook, outlook on life and values, to clarify their personality characteristics and to understand their psychological needs can they gain a firm foothold and control their words and deeds at critical moments.
(2) Help students plan rationally.
A very important reason why college students are easily influenced by others in their study life is the lack of a reasonable plan for their own life and future, especially a detailed and executable plan for their college life. The end result is that people follow suit and learn from others. From the freshman year, we can let college students exchange their college plans through thematic class meetings and symposiums, and then put all the plans into practice by making written plans, urging students to strictly follow their own plans to realize their personal dreams during college, instead of using their own lives to complete others' dreams.
(3) Help students achieve their goals.
Many students will encounter all kinds of difficulties in the process of implementing the plan after making clear their own position and planning their lives reasonably. Some students may have new experiences in practice and adjust their original plans. As a counselor, we should provide students with all kinds of help, whether it is spiritual support, material security or academic help, to help students achieve their goals and finally realize their ideals in life.
(E) Case analysis of indifference psychology
1. Example shows
Xiaole is a trial student I took over at the beginning of this semester. Because in the first two academic years, I failed more than 40 credits in subjects. According to the relevant regulations of the school, I cancelled my student status and temporarily tried for one year in the next grade. After completing two-thirds of credits during the probation period, you can resume your student status and continue your studies. If you have not completed two-thirds of the credits during the probation period, you will automatically drop out after the one-year probation period expires. When I first met Xiaole, it was brought by his father. During the whole conversation, dad was basically talking, and Xiaole bowed his head and said nothing. When my father occasionally mentioned some wishes and requirements, Xiaole just nodded silently. I talked with Xiaole and his father alone, trying to get more information, but basically I didn't get any substantive problems from Xiaole except that Xiaole's father learned that Xiaole had some unexpected learning situation and personality performance before. Xiaole seems to be not interested in anything, unable to lift her spirits to anyone or anything, just immersed in her own world and enjoying her own peace. A week later, I chatted with Xiaole again. I "conveyed" the students' comments on him, saying that he is a very easy-going person, especially the female students in the class, and that he is quite handsome, like the hero in Korean dramas. Is surprised to look at me, seems to be full of doubts about my words. Before he was puzzled, I talked to him about his only hobby, playing computer games. It is also because he is addicted to computer games that he is divorced from real life and completely enters an illusory world. Since then, I have lost interest in things in real life and seem indifferent and irrelevant. Speaking of games, Xiaole seems to have found a bosom friend and began to tell me his unique experience in the game after various strategies. Maybe the second conversation brought us closer. Later, Xiaole gradually became able to speak. With my encouragement and affirmation, he gradually began to pay attention to the people and things around him and gradually moved from the virtual world to the real world. After two months of communication, Xiaole's situation has improved. Now she will have several classes off and on, and some simple homework will be handed in. I started to get in touch with my classmates and get along well with my classmates in the dormitory. The most remarkable point is that the time spent playing games is obviously reduced.
2. Case analysis
The problem of probation is often the most difficult and difficult to deal with. Because most of them are completely tired of learning because of some bad behavior tendencies, the most typical one is that Xiaole is indifferent to real life because he is addicted to online games. Fundamentally speaking, infatuation with the Internet is often an escape from real setbacks. Because we are not recognized in reality, we only need to prove our methods in the network. Therefore, for this kind of students, we should first respect their preferences for games and not deprive them of the last position to prove themselves. Secondly, we must affirm their achievements in the game. Even if they succeed in the virtual world, they can have a strong sense of self-worth and not be completely self-deprecating and self-destructive. Thirdly, we should give them full recognition in real life and make them feel that they are not worthless, but valuable. Enhance their self-confidence in various ways, the ultimate goal is to let them gradually get rid of their dependence on the virtual world and give them the opportunity to prove themselves in the real world. Teachers and classmates praised Xiaole, which made Xiaole see her own advantages and began to regain her confidence. Although his radical change will be a long and arduous process, every little change he makes is of positive significance to him. What we can do is to recognize his existing changes and encourage him to make new changes.
3. Experience summary
(1) Stimulate interest and discover yourself.
One of the most prominent manifestations of indifference is the lack of interest in the things around you, so stimulating interest is the key to solving the problem. Interest is the sustenance of a person's soul Stimulating interest helps students find themselves. Therefore, on the one hand, students' hobbies can be ignored by classmates and parents, on the other hand, they can be explored according to their characteristics and specialties. Then create opportunities and conditions to play his interest, and then give him timely affirmation and encouragement according to his performance in interest events, so that he can return to the real world and face his true self.
(2) Establish self-confidence and reshape yourself.
The most fundamental reason for ignoring psychology is that students are frustrated in some aspects, and this negative emotion spreads to all aspects of life, and eventually they lose confidence and lose themselves. Of course, the most important measure to solve this problem is to help students build self-confidence. Praise, appreciation, affirmation, support and encouragement from others can greatly enhance their confidence. Outstanding performance in the projects they are good at can also make them feel the joy of success and enhance their self-confidence. Under the double promotion of self-experience and external reinforcement, it is not difficult for students with indifferent psychology to regain their self-confidence and rebuild themselves.
(3) Strengthen progress and surpass yourself.
Ignoring psychology can easily weaken students' psychological defense, and it is easy to repeat the same mistakes if they are not careful. Therefore, once such students have made some progress, we should give them positive affirmation and strengthen their thoughts and behaviors. After many times of reinforcement, students have formed positive thinking and behavior patterns, stronger will quality and stronger self-control ability, and can successfully resist the temptation of the outside world, thus surpassing themselves and regaining a new life.
The psychological characteristics of college students are constantly changing with the change of time and space and the development of the times. As practitioners of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, we should grasp the psychological laws of college students, explore specific strategies to deal with typical problems of college students in practice, and form a perfect psychological coping plan for college students, so as to push our ideological and political work to a new level and achieve new results. In short, college counselors should take the psychological needs of college students as their work orientation, focus on solving students' practical problems, and cultivate high-quality comprehensive talents, so as to achieve the goal of learning from each other's strong points and developing together.