In 2008, Jinan City took the physics examination questions for the senior high school entrance examination.
In 2008, Jinan senior high school entrance examination.
Haicheng, Jinan, the comprehensive physics part of science, specially tutoring. If necessary, you can leave a message or send an email, which is free of charge.
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This paper is divided into two parts: the first volume (multiple choice questions) and the second volume (non-multiple choice questions). Full mark 150, examination time 120 minutes.
The first volume (multiple choice questions ***60 points)
First, multiple-choice questions (this question includes 30 small questions, each with 2 points and ***60 points. Of the four options in each question. Only one option best meets the requirements of the topic)
19. In modern life, mobile phone is one of the most commonly used communication tools. The information transmission between mobile phones to achieve calls or send and receive text messages depends on ()
A. Ultrasonic B. Infrasound C. Sound D. Electromagnetic wave
20. The development of civilization and science and technology leads to more and more energy consumption, and the large-scale development and utilization of energy will cause damage to the environment and ecology. The following four kinds of energy will cause air pollution when consumed in large quantities ()
A. Coal B. Water C. Wind D. Solar energy
2 1. As shown in the figure, Xiao Gang's experimental device for exploring the imaging law of convex lens can just get a clear image on the light screen. The optical instrument made by using this imaging principle is ()
A. magnifying glass projector camera periscope
When the temperature drops to a certain extent, the resistance of some materials will suddenly become zero. This phenomenon is called superconductivity, and this material is called superconducting material. The application prospect of superconducting materials is very attractive. If scientists develop room temperature superconducting materials in the future, they can be used to make ().
A. filament in incandescent bulb B. heating wire in heater
C. Fuses in fuse tubes D. Wires on transmission lines
23. In order to irrigate farmland, Xingfu Village, a suburb of the East China Sea, bought two pumps, A and B. If the power of pump A is greater than that of pump B, when they both work normally, pump A must be better than pump B ().
A. Do more work B. Do less work C. Do faster work D. Do slower work
24. "Chang 'e-1" satellite has a super geosynchronous orbit with a perigee of 205km and an apogee of 50930km, with a period of 16 h. From perigee to apogee, its ().
A. kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases. B. kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.
C. the kinetic energy is constant and the potential energy increases. D. kinetic energy increases and potential energy remains unchanged.
Bicycles are the main means of transportation for many middle school students to go to school, and a lot of physical knowledge is used in the manufacturing process. Among them, in order to increase the friction is ()
A. there are uneven patterns on the handlebars. B. The tire shall be marked with load capacity ×× kg.
C. many springs are installed under the seat cushion. D. each bearing adopts rolling mode.
26. The working principle of the refrigerator is shown in the figure. Therefore, when the refrigerator works, the state change of refrigerant is ()
A. melting and solidification B. vaporization and liquefaction C. sublimation and sublimation D. evaporation and boiling
27. In a poem "Plum Blossom", Wang Anshi wrote the poem "It's not the snow that comes from afar, but the fragrance that comes". The poet judged "plum, not snow" according to the faint plum blossom fragrance floating in the distance. He could smell plum blossom fragrance from a distance because ()
A. the volume of molecules is very small. B. molecules are constantly moving.
C. there is a force between molecules. D. there are gaps between molecules.
28. The picture below shows the scissors used by the gardener to trim the branches. When using it to cut thick branches, the gardener should make the branches as small as possible ()
A. Close to the scissors shaft O to reduce the resistance arm and achieve the purpose of saving labor.
B. increase the resistance arm near the scissors shaft o, thus saving the distance.
C. increase the power arm away from the scissors shaft o to save manpower.
D, reduce the power arm away from the scissors shaft O to save the distance.
29. About the energy conversion and working principle of generators and motors, the following statement is correct ().
A. When the generator works, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and its working principle is electromagnetic induction.
When generator B works, it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and its working principle is the effect of magnetic field on current.
C. When the motor works, it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and its working principle is electromagnetic induction.
D. When the motor works, it converts electric energy into mechanical energy, and its working principle is the effect of magnetic field on current.
30. The figure below shows an experimental circuit for Xiao Gang to explore the relationship between conductor current and resistance. In the experiment, he changed the constant resistance of 10 to 15, and then closed the switch. The next operation is ().
A. reduce the number of battery sections B. move the slider p of the sliding rheostat to the left.
C. move the sliding blade p of the sliding rheostat to the right. Record the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
Volume 2 (non-multiple choice questions ***90 points)
Second, non-multiple choice questions (this big question includes 17 small questions. ***90 points)
3 1.(4 points) On March 24th, 2008 17: 45 (local time, March 24th, 2008 1 1: 45), the flame of Beijing Olympic Games was lit at the site of ancient Olympia. Luo Xuejuan became the first China torchbearer in the Beijing Olympic Games. The picture below shows her holding the "Xiangyun" torch. From the following picture, the mass of the "Xiangyun" torch is 985 _ _ _ _ _ _, and the length is 720 _ _ _ _.
32.(4 points) In the Spring Festival Gala in 2008, a novel program "Handshadow Play is Funny" appeared, in which there was a passage "People tease puppies", in which actors used their hands to cooperate with ventriloquism, and vividly imitated lively and lovely puppies from sound to image, as shown in the figure. The formation of the image of the puppy on the curtain, with light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The audience heard the barking of the puppy from the actor's ventriloquist performance, because the actor imitated the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ issued by the puppy.
33.(4 points) With the continuous improvement of people's living standards in China, cars, as an ordinary means of transportation, have entered thousands of households, as shown in the figure. Automobile engines are generally diesel engines or gasoline engines, which convert the energy released by fuel combustion into mechanical energy; Automobile engines often use circulating water to help them dissipate heat, mainly by using the large characteristics of water.
34.(8 points) After the students finished the experiment of "measuring the electric power of a small light bulb", the teacher put forward a new question: "Everyone already knows the three factors that determine the conductor resistance, and also knows that the temperature will affect the conductor resistance. But for a small light bulb, what effect does temperature have on its filament resistance? Please use the existing experimental equipment to explore through experiments. "
Therefore, Xiaohua used the experimental equipment of "measuring the electric power of small light bulb" (in which the rated voltage of small light bulb is 2.5 V) to conduct the experiment again, and recorded the experimental data in the following table.
Experimental serial number
1
2
three
four
six
The voltage across the small bulb u/v
2.5
1.5
2.0
0.5
3.0
Current j/a through small bulb
0.20
0. 14
0. 18
0.08
0.23
Filament resistance r/
12.5
10.7
1 1. 1
6.3
13.0
(1) When Xiaohua is doing the experiment with serial number 6, the connection between ammeter and voltmeter and the position of pointer are as shown in the figure.
Please read this set of experimental data and calculate the filament resistance at this time, and fill in the corresponding position in the above table.
(2) As can be seen from the above table, when the serial number of the experiment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the small light bulb of Xiaohua is normally lit.
(3) Xiaohua didn't use a thermometer in the experiment, and the filament temperature was judged by observing _ _ _ _ _.
(4) From Xiao Hua's experimental data record, find out two shortcomings in his experimental scheme:
①________________________________________________________;
②________________________________________________________。
35.(9 points) After learning about buoyancy through experiments, students in Xiaojun and Xiao Min's class continued to explore factors related to buoyancy under the guidance of their teachers.
First of all, they made a guess about "what factors are related to buoyancy". With the help of the teacher, they summarized the students' guesses as follows:
Guess l: buoyancy may be related to the mass of the object;
Conjecture 2: buoyancy may be related to the density of liquid;
Conjecture 3: buoyancy may be related to the depth of the object immersed in the liquid;
Guess 4: buoyancy may be related to the volume of an object immersed in a liquid.
(1) In order to verify the conjecture 1 and the conjecture 2, the students of Xiaojun Group chose three cylindrical objects A, B and C with the same volume but different masses, and measured their weights of 4 N, 4.5 N and 5 N respectively, and then carried out the experiment shown in the figure below.
① Comparing the three experiments numbered A, B and C in the figure, the conclusion is: the size of buoyancy is different from _ _ _ _ _ _.
② Comparing the three experiments numbered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ in the figure, it can be concluded that buoyancy is related to the density of liquid; The greater the density of the liquid, the greater the buoyancy of the same object.
(2) Guess 3 was put forward by students in Wang's group. Please give an example from life to support their guess.
____________________________________________________________________________
(3) In order to verify the conjecture 3, the students in Wang Group chose the same cylindrical object A as in Xiaojun Group to carry out the experiment as shown in the following figure, and the experimental data obtained are as follows:
Object A: A cylinder with a bottom area of 20 cm2 and a height of 5 cm. Liquid: alcohol.
Experimental serial number
1
2
three
four
five
Depth of immersion of an object in liquid h/cm
1
three
five
seven
nine
Buoyancy f float /n
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
By analyzing the experimental data in the above table, the experimental conclusion is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
After that, on the basis of communicating with other students, I continued to explore under the guidance of my teacher. ...
36.(8 points) On Sunday, Xiaomei and her father went to the zoo. When Xiaomei saw an elephant in the zoo, she talked to her father as shown.
Xiaomei learned from the introduction of the elephant in the zoo that the mass of this elephant is 4800 Jin. The area of each sole is 600 cm2. Take g = 10 n/kg, try to calculate and answer:
(1) How much pressure does the elephant put on the ground when standing in the market?
(2) What is the pressure on the ground when the elephant stands?
(3) What would you say if you were at the scene and participated in the conversation between Xiaomei's father and daughter? Please write down what you said.
37.(9 points) One day, the manufacturer was promoting a new electric kettle. I saw the advertisement that the "HR-type" electric kettle is efficient, time-saving and electricity-saving. The power is only 700 W, and it only takes 5 minutes to boil a pot of water ... It is an essential energy-saving drinking appliance for modern families.
Passing Xiaojun bought such an electric kettle with the words "2.5L" on it. When I got home, I filled it with water and turned on the power. Sure enough, it took more than 5 minutes to boil the kettle!
It is known that the density of water is 1.0× 103kg/m3, and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2× 103j (kg℃). Try to calculate and answer:
(1) What is the mass of this pot of water?
(2) How much heat does this pot of water need to absorb from 20℃ to boiling?
(3) Is the advertisement credible through calculation?
(4) From which index do you think illegal manufacturers are most likely to make false propaganda about electric kettles? Why?
References:
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It's hard to get these days. As far as I know, marking began in the afternoon of 15, and the marking teacher just took a quick look, and then the test paper was about to be handed in. In short, there is discipline and no proliferation is allowed. It may be online later, which also requires registration and depends on how many points. The problem you saw was also secretly photographed with a camera.
However, I know one thing:
Dictation (forgetting the order and one sentence):
Young people don't work hard-
Strong women in business don't know the national subjugation and hate ———————
For the sake of my heart, I got sick in five places because of one wish.
Jiang's remark that the writer is willing to make great contributions to the country's killing the enemy ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————.
Write a sentence with elegant environment ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Comprehensive application:
Write "Unity is strength" according to Tian Zi Gerry's pinyin.
Replace a sick sentence with a modifier: "After this disaster, the people of China ..."
Draw up a title for the news, called reporting the earthquake. Within 12.
Poetry appreciation:
The hut was broken by the autumn wind! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Who is the realism of the author's generation?
Which word in the first sentence should be stressed, right?
How to understand the last sentence?
Classical Chinese:
If you get this word, you will get more help, but if you lose it, you will get less help. It's Muji.
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles (2), ring and attack it. If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time. The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the army is unprofitable, and there is not much rice; Committee (5) and go, is the geographical advantage is not as good as people and also. Therefore: territory (6) The people do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and streams (7), and the world does not take the benefits of military revolution. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. Not much help, relatives (8); More help, good weather. Take advantage of the world and attack their relatives; Therefore, a gentleman has (9) if he doesn't fight, he will win. "
In the sixteenth year of Zi Qi, Qi Jun made him king. If you regret it, send a special envoy to chase it. Troops replied, "Zi Qi will be cured, and * * * is full of white head. With the wisdom of the old man, my husband will be able to cure Ah Yi with less and more! " Zi Qi went to Ah, where he cast soldiers as cultivators and went out to help the poor, and Ah County was ruled. Wei Wenwen learned that the boy ruled the city, and there were no soldiers in the warehouse and no millet in the warehouse, so he set out to attack it. A man's father led his son, and his brother led his brother, fighting against private soldiers, thus defeating Wei's family.
Interpretation: domain (6) The boundary between the people and the government: domain:
The pursuer objected that:
Seeking to consolidate the country is not in the same sense as the danger of mountains and streams (7): A, although it is impossible to observe, there must be love. When the sun rises, B I approaches people. A husband with the wisdom of the elderly. It slipped my mind.
Content understanding: What specific things did Zi Qi do when he went to Axian to make Axian rules? (In one's own words)
The second article (———————————) proves that there are (9) soldiers who defeat others without fighting.
Then there is evil reading. 42 points.
Explanation: About a certain sound. There are good and bad voices. Absolutely non-mainstream issues.
Prose: Stubborn cactus. It is said that anonymous bought an old man's cactus and suspected that there was a toothpick in it An old man broke one by himself and told her there was no toothpick. Later, anonymous bought it and the old man gave it to her.
The old man is very cow and stubborn.
Composition topic: How can there be only one? On the topic of "accidental discovery"
In 2007, the entrance examination for secondary schools in Shandong Province (Volume A of the curriculum standard)
Reference answers and grading standards of physics test questions
The first volume (multiple choice questions ***24 points)
First, multiple-choice questions: there is only one correct answer to each question, and you get 2 points for choosing the right one; Multiple choices and wrong choices are not scored.
The title is123455678911112.
Answer B A B D C B C B D C D A
Volume 2 (46 points for non-multiple choice questions * *)
Fill-in-the-blank question: There are 7 small questions in this question, each with 1 point and * * * each with1point.
13. Increase or decrease 14. Tone 15. When sucked together (or blown "near"), the gas velocity between two sheets of paper is large and the pressure is low, which is 16. Electromagnetic induction motor 17. It is greater than 18. The air in jiaozi expands when heated.
Drawing, Experiment and Inquiry: This question contains six small questions, ***2 1.
20. As shown in the figure, if the drawing is correct, score 2 points, 2 1. If the picture is correct, you will get 2 points. 22.8 1.8 (2 points).
23. If the connection is correct, get 3 points; if there is an error, get 0 point.
24. If you answer a question correctly, you will get 1 point, and this question will get 6 points.
The physical knowledge on which the application of physical knowledge is based.
For example, a small area of shear will increase the pressure.
1 The jaws are rough and grooved, which can increase the pressure and friction.
2 plastic handle plastic handle is an insulating material, which can be insulated.
The whole wire pliers are labor-saving levers, which can save labor.
25.( 1) D, H(2 points. Choose a wrong item to get 0 points)
⑵ Method 1: Connect the selected Mn-Cu alloy wire and Ni-Cr alloy wire in series with an ammeter and connect them to the same power supply, and compare the conductivity of Mn-Cu alloy wire and Ni-Cr alloy wire according to the reading of the ammeter; The alloy wire with large ammeter reading has strong conductivity. (4 points)
Method 2: Connect the selected Mn-Cu alloy wire and Ni-Cr alloy wire in series with the small bulb and connect them to the same power supply, and compare the conductivity of Mn-Cu alloy wire and Ni-Cr alloy wire according to the brightness of the small bulb; The alloy wire connected in series with the bright bulb has strong conductivity. (4 points)
Method 3: Select the ohmmeter × 1, measure the resistance of the selected two kinds of alloy wires after zero adjustment, and compare the conductivity of manganese-copper alloy wires and nickel-chromium alloy wires according to the resistance values; Alloy wires with low resistance have strong conductivity. (4 points)
(Other methods are reasonable, with the same score)
Fourth, the calculation question: this question contains 2 small questions, *** 15 points. Write down the necessary text descriptions, formulas and important calculation steps when answering. Only the final answer can't be graded. If you have questions about data calculation, you must write values and units in the answer.
26.(7 points) Solution: (1) Derivation: gravity of glass:
G = 200 pa× 0.0 1m2 = 2n points and 2 minutes.
(2) Obtained: water depth = = 0.09 meters ... 2 minutes.
Assuming that the cup wall is vertical, the water depth in the cup after 1kg water is as follows:
= 0. 1m 2.
Because > h, the bottom of the cup has a large mouth, and its general shape is as shown in Figure (a). ..................... 1 point
27.(8 points) Solution: (1) The thermal efficiency η 1 of the gas stove is 25%.
∴ heat released by gas combustion;
..................................., two points.
The required gas is 2 points.
(2) The thermal efficiency η2 of the induction cooker is 90%,
∴ ..................................... 2 points.
(3) Using gas stoves is economical (saving money), but the thermal efficiency is too low, polluting the environment; The use of induction cooker is more expensive, but it is energy-saving (high thermal efficiency), environmentally friendly and hygienic. ..................................., two points.