Mao Zedong once pointed out clearly: "To study the history of China's * * * production party, we should also study the materials of the 1911 Revolution and the May 4th Movement before the founding of the Party. Otherwise, we cannot understand the development of history. "
19 15, Chen Duxiu, one of the founders of China's * * * production party, founded Youth (later renamed New Youth) magazine in Shanghai. He held high the banner of "democracy" and "science", lashed out at the old feudal culture and advocated a new culture, from which the new culture movement began and became the prelude to the arrival of a new revolutionary storm.
19 17 1, Cai Yuanpei was appointed president of Peking University. He advocated academic tolerance and immediately hired Chen Duxiu as a liberal arts senior. At the end of the year, Li Dazhao went to Peking University as a librarian.
The victory of Russian October socialist revolution had a great influence on the people of China. Marxism began to spread in China, and the advanced elements in China began to regard the proletarian world outlook as a tool to observe the destiny of the country.
Zhang Shenfu, who was a member of 14 at the beginning of Beijing's * * * production organization, recalled: "In the summer of 19 18, the Shanghai Red Mansion was built, and the library moved in, occupying the first floor of the Red Mansion. Li Dazhao's director's office is in two houses in the southeast corner of the Red Chamber. For a time, the Red Chamber became the center of the new ideological movement, and many progressive teachers and students gathered here to study and discuss. " "After Li Dazhao took office, he made some major adjustments and reforms to the library's business and began to pay attention to collecting books on Marxist theories and works since the October Revolution in Russia."
This is Li Dazhao's office in the southeast corner of the first floor of the Red Chamber. The room number is 1 19. Shortly after moving into the Red Chamber, Li Dazhao published articles such as "The Victory of the Common People" in 19 18 1, which represented the new awakening of advanced elements in China. In May of the following year, Li Dazhao edited the special issue of Marxist studies in New Youth and personally wrote My Views on Marxism, which systematically introduced the basic viewpoints of the three components of Marxism-political economy, scientific socialism and historical materialism. This is the first book that systematically and completely introduces Marxism in China.
In this ordinary office of the Red Chamber, Li Dazhao presided over the establishment of the first * * * production team in the north-Beijing * * * production team. He also called a meeting of members of the China Youth Association here, and the Red Chamber of Peking University became an important place for early Marxists to move in Beijing. Zhang Shenfu recalled: "Under the leadership of Li Dazhao, the library became the center of studying and spreading Marxism in Peking University. Many radical students often go to the library to discuss various new ideas with Dazhao and listen to him introduce new ideas. Everyone often meets here to discuss the way out for China and seek ways to save the country and the people. "
19 18 In August, a handsome young man came to Beijing, and then he entered the Red Chamber. He is Mao Zedong, a great Hunan man who changed the fate of China and led the revolution to future victory. This is Mao Zedong's first visit to Beijing. At that time, he and Li and other 24 people came to Beijing to organize young people from Hunan to work and study in France. Later, Mao Zedong stayed in Beijing. After being introduced, he met Li Dazhao, worked as an assistant in the library and began to study Marxist theory. Mao Zedong also began to know more about the October Revolution and Marxism, and embarked on the road of productism.
The May 4th Movement, which broke out on May 4th, 2009, became the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution. The May 4th Movement promoted the combination of Marxism and the workers' movement in China, and the China Revolution entered a new historical period. Mao Zedong once brilliantly pointed out in "On New Democracy": "The May 4th Movement made preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party in 192 1 year."
Today, this place adds more scenery.
Eighty-three years have passed, and when reporters set foot in the Red Chamber of Peking University, a sense of historical dignity arises spontaneously.
The red chamber stands quietly. On the ground around the building, warning signs of "No Smoking" can be seen everywhere. Looking up, there is no air conditioning outside the floors of the whole building. When you walk in, you can truly appreciate the meticulous care of users now, and the neatly arranged fire extinguishers are very conspicuous. Because the building is mainly made of wood, the electric switch should be pulled in the building at 6 o'clock every night to ensure absolute safety.
Over the years, the Red Chamber has faced many dangers. During the Japanese invasion of China, it was used as the head of the Japanese gendarmerie for seven years, and the basement was also used as a prison for imprisoning and persecuting patriots. 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the red building was seriously damaged.
In order to save this glorious building, the State Council has specially set up a project for emergency repair and allocated special funds. The project lasted three years and cost 800,000 yuan. According to the principle of cultural relics maintenance, the engineering design team worked out a set of seismic strengthening scheme combining domestic traditional building technology with modern science and technology on the premise of keeping the cultural relics intact: putting the steel structure into the horizontal steel truss in the floor, adding steel mesh on both sides of the inner wall to pull through the wall, pouring pisolite concrete, and pulling it up with steel bars inside and outside the wall, which restored the strong "physique" of this brick-wood mixed structure building that had already exceeded its service life. Thanks to the joint efforts of experts in architecture and cultural relics protection, the original state and overall color of the completed Red Mansion have not changed.
1998, Peking University held the celebration of 100. Many professors from the old Peking University came to visit the Red Mansion, and they were very satisfied with the well-preserved Red Mansion.
As an important cultural relic, the Red Mansion of Peking University is also changing.
1995, the Beijing Municipal Government approved the Five-year Plan for the Development of Cultural Relics in Beijing, requiring the then departments using the Red Mansion to move out gradually, and the municipal departments will rectify the surrounding environment of the Red Mansion. At the end of last year, led by the Capital Planning Commission, the relevant departments held a site meeting on environmental remediation behind the Red Mansion, clearly stipulating that all illegal buildings and temporary buildings around the former Democratic Square would be demolished within a time limit.
On March 3 1 this year, National Cultural Heritage Administration authorities and units began to move to the Ministry of Culture building in the East Second Ring Road. At the same time, two new brands, "New Culture Movement Memorial Hall Preparation Office" and "National Cultural Heritage Administration Red Chamber Management Office", are hung at the gate.
National Cultural Heritage Administration has planned for many years to build the Red Chamber into a patriotic education base to commemorate the New Culture Movement and publicize the May 4th Movement. It is understood that the concept of the New Culture Movement Memorial Hall is very grand, and the preparatory work is planned to be carried out in three stages: First, the original sites of Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong will be restored, and special exhibitions will be organized to open to the outside world as soon as possible; The second step is to restore the former office and lecture sites of representatives of the New Culture Movement, the former printing house of Peking University, the underground cultural relics warehouse, the research center of the New Culture Movement and the information center. The third step will be to expand the exhibition scale, build landmark sculpture groups and exhibition facilities around the Red Mansion, and plan to restore more typical old sites.
The changes inside the Red Mansion are quiet, but now the surrounding environment of the Red Mansion is undergoing tremendous changes. The road on the east side of Honglou is under intense construction. Before long, a wide road, named Huangchenggen Garden, which runs through the north and south, and is 3 kilometers long from Chang 'an Avenue to Ping 'an Avenue, will be completed soon. It is conceivable that the Red Mansion, a building with a glorious history, will be even more dazzling against the backdrop of green trees and flowers.