First, the correct reading method
First of all, learn to understand the staff. Learning to read the staff is a boring step, especially for children who are only five or six years old. Therefore, we can use a more vivid method to recognize music to help them remember. For example, in order to help children distinguish the concepts of "line" and "space", you can write two notes of different colors on "line" and "space" respectively. For two adjacent notes, it can be called "upstairs and downstairs" relationship, and for the notes on the same line or space, it can be called "string Sugar-Coated Berry" relationship. In the actual music recognition process, the combination of these two methods can quickly and accurately read the staff, and establish the concept of "chord" while recognizing music.
Secondly, learn to know the notes. Beginners should first know the three basic notes ―― whole note, half note and quarter note. In order to remember their names clearly, I made up a children's song, "all the notes are empty, only a small head;" A portrait two and a quarter long, I want to remember it clearly; Fu Tou with a half note is empty, and Fu Tou with a quarter note is black. ". Through this nursery rhyme, children can quickly distinguish the notes. When learning the duration of notes, I compared the duration of notes with the age of notes, and compared it with the age of children, so that the students quickly got to know these three new friends.
Third, distinguish between the ascending scale and the descending scale. In the teaching process, I found that many children, especially young children, can't tell the difference between an ascending chromatic scale and a descending chromatic scale, and both of them sing do, re, mi…… .......................................................................................................................... Use this image method to let students clearly distinguish the direction of sound.
Fourthly, we should form the good habit of reading music and playing the piano. When I was a beginner, because the music score was simple and the child had a good memory, I memorized the music score several times. At the same time, my eyes shifted from the music to my hands, and I developed the bad habit of watching my hands play the piano for a long time. Little did I know that such a small change would have a great impact on my children's future. The correct way to play the score is to let the eyes return to the score after determining the range and phoneme in the hand. After playing, the eyes should mainly look at the music. When the sound span is large, you can find the phoneme of your hand with your eyes in time and then return to the spectrum. When playing the piano, we should pay attention to let the brain walk in front of the eyes, the eyes walk in front of the hands, and coordinate the relationship between the player, the eyes and the brain, so that smooth and beautiful music can be played.
Second, the importance of finger practice in teaching
First, standardize the fingering of playing the piano. If you want to play the piano well, you must have solid basic skills, and fingering can not be ignored. Confused fingering is easy to cause the burden and trouble of playing the piano, and it will also affect the speed of playing the piano for a long time, so it is very important to develop correct fingering habits in the early stage of teaching. For beginners, fingering marks are easy to mix with notation. You can look at fingering before practicing new music, find out the finger to be used by your right hand with your left hand, and then find the corresponding finger while singing notation.
Fingering also plays a very important role in playing chords. Chord connection usually adopts "harmony connection", that is, the homophony of * * * stays in the same part, and other parts proceed smoothly. Therefore, it is necessary to guide children to pay attention to the changes of notes in the chords before and after, and find out their changing rules, which is not only conducive to children's concentration, but also conducive to children's familiarity with the keyboard. Some music passages are not clearly marked with fingering, which requires teachers to gradually teach students how to mark scientific and reasonable fingering in the long-term teaching process.
Second, strict finger lifting exercises. As we all know, as far as human activities are concerned, standing is the premise of walking and running, and it is also the cornerstone of all skill sports. In fact, the "walking" and "running" of fingers are the same as legs. Standing with fingers, especially weak fingers, is much more difficult than standing with human legs. Teaching practice has proved that finger standing needs a long training process, especially for children. It is no exaggeration to say that training can solve this problem for as little as one year and as much as one year.
First of all, we should teach children how to understand "relaxation". Taking the natural falling of rubber as an example, let children find the feeling of arm relaxation, and then put their fingers on the keys to find the feeling of standing when they touch the keys after relaxation. Every time you practice a new work, every time you encounter a new skill, and every time you arrange a different keyboard combination, it may cause new tension, and all kinds of tension will also be caused by the strength, sound change and control required for music performance. But if you know the principle of playing, you can find ways to adjust and relax and get rid of all kinds of tension caused by inexperience.
Secondly, the "finger lifting" exercise we require is the same as the basic training principle in dance. In a relaxed state, let the metacarpal joint drive the fingers to do finger lifting movement. Every time you play the next note, keep your fingers steady and never press down with the strength of your arms. In a word, the agility, dexterity, speed, strength, action frequency and so on of fingers in piano playing skills are all muscle movements, and all the skills are obtained from the muscle habits that we have cultivated by repeatedly training the same movement for thousands of times.
Thirdly, the practice of retaining sound is also beneficial to training finger independence. Schmitt's book Piano Five Fingers Exercise has a systematic practice of retaining sound. Through these exercises, fingers can learn to move independently to the greatest extent, and are not affected by other factors. But when playing, we must pay attention to eliminate the tension, but the volume should not be too large and the speed can be slower. The size of the action should be mastered according to the conditions of the hand itself.
In addition to the finger exercises mentioned above, it is also necessary to combine finger exercises with small movements and sticking keys, change the playing method and change the rhythm type, which are all preparations for the fast, uniform and granular running sound form.
Third, form a good habit of analyzing music scores.
When we get a new music score, the first thing to do is to understand it, just like reading an article, to understand every sentence and paragraph of it, which is very helpful for children to understand the work and complete it better. The songs in the enlightenment stage are very short, mostly in the form of A+B, in which A consists of two small phrases, A and A', with only a slight change at the end; B consists of a new phrase b and a'. Through this analysis, children will have a new understanding of these four strange musical lines. The next thing to do is to complete this short piece on the piano according to the correct playing method ... After the game, our task has not been completed. In addition to vivid notes, there are many dynamics marks on the score, such as F, P, crescendo, crescendo ... all of which should be applied to music one by one.
Fourth, cultivate the ability to listen.
Music itself is an art of hearing. Players have to rely on their ears to monitor their performance. Therefore, the ear is the best teacher for students to practice piano independently. The auditory habit of the ear should be cultivated from the beginning when learning single tones, which has a lot to do with reading music and playing the piano mentioned above. When playing a piece of music, your eyes should be fixed on the score, your hands should be played on the piano according to the position of your hands, and your ears should listen to the right or wrong sound, sound quality, timbre and rhythm ... Therefore, having a pair of sensitive and good listening ears is a valuable asset for every piano player.
In the process of students learning piano, teachers only play a guiding role, give full play to students' initiative, let them think more and feel more, cultivate the good habit of autonomous learning from the beginning, and truly "teach people to fish" instead of "teach people to fish". I hope to train more excellent students in the future teaching.