① In the general population, pregnant women are 3% ~ 5% likely to give birth to children with physical defects. ② Not all drugs will harm the fetus during pregnancy. In fact, only a few drugs have been proved to be harmful to the fetus.
A drug can increase the risk of congenital malformation, but not all pregnant women use it, and most fetuses are still safe. For example, if thalidomide is used during pregnancy, the risk of fetal "seal malformation" will double, but only 25% of pregnant women will have this risk.
④ Whether drugs cause congenital abnormalities is related to the nature, dosage, time and individual differences of pregnant women.
⑤ The effects of taking medicine in the first trimester and the third trimester on the fetus may be different.
6. Some pregnant women are sick, and the disease itself will lead to fetal malformation. If you are worried about the adverse effects of drugs on the fetus, it will be very harmful to pregnant women and the fetus if you do not actively treat them. For example, pregnant women suffer from epilepsy and hyperthyroidism.
(2) What should I pay attention to when taking medicine during pregnancy?
① To avoid the influence of drug therapy on the fetus, it is best to choose drugs that are harmless to the fetus.
② Women of childbearing age must consider the possibility of pregnancy when taking drugs.
③ Pregnant women should consult a doctor and read the instructions carefully before taking the medicine.
④ Pre-pregnancy counseling is very important for women who receive medication for a long time.
⑤ If medication is really needed, it is best to choose a recognized drug that is safer and more harmless to the fetus.
For pregnant women who must adhere to medication, doctors should provide them with the advantages and disadvantages of medication.
⑦ Use new drugs with special caution. There is generally little information about the effects of new drugs on the fetus, which requires long-term observation, so we should use new drugs with caution.
(3) What drugs can cause fetal malformation?
At present, only a few drugs have definitely caused fetal congenital abnormalities, as shown in the following table.
Main teratogenic drugs
The name of this drug may cause congenital malformation thalidomide sedative, severe limb defects and ear abnormalities. Female fetus with diethylstilbestrol sex hormone: vaginal atresia, vaginal or uterine clear cell carcinoma, vaginal adenocarcinoma.
Male fetus: may cause infertility, androgens and sex hormones, and female fetus is positive for external reproductive organs (gender is indistinguishable). Warfarin anticoagulants have nasal abnormalities and central nervous system abnormalities.
Methamidophos butterfly anti-tumor drug abortion, hydrocephalus, low birth weight, abnormal facial hearing damage caused by streptomycin antibiotics, enamel hypoplasia caused by tetracycline antibiotics, gray or brown pigmentation of teeth after birth, abnormal bone growth, delayed development of trimellitone antiepileptic drugs, abnormal facial nerve canal of valproic acid antiepileptic drugs, abnormal facial nerve canal of phenytoin sodium antiepileptic drugs, delayed brain development and microcephaly.
(Baofuling) Dermatology medicine abortion, hydrocephalus and other central nervous system malformations, small or missing thymus, small ears or missing ears, congenital heart disease, propylthiouracil for hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and fetal goiter.
Congenital malformations caused by drug names and types; Nail neck imidazole
Angiotensin transformation
Commutative Lie inhibition
Preparation of antihypertensive drugs for renal hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, head and skull
Abnormal lithium antipsychotics cardiovascular abnormalities (4) When is it most dangerous to take medicine during pregnancy?
The first three months of pregnancy is the most dangerous period. Because the main organs of the fetus have to develop and take shape during this period, it is most prone to congenital malformations due to the interference of drugs.
(5) Will taking medicine during pregnancy definitely affect the fetus?
Not necessarily. Whether taking medicine during pregnancy affects the fetus depends on the nature, dosage, gestational age and individual differences of pregnant women.
(6) What are OTC drugs?
Over-the-counter drugs are drugs that can be purchased directly in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. The English name is OTC.
(7) How can I completely use OTC drugs?
Be very careful when taking self-purchased over-the-counter drugs during pregnancy, because many of them contain additives such as caffeine and alcohol. It is best to consult a doctor before taking it. (8) What is a prescription drug?
Drugs that need a doctor's prescription to buy include many kinds, such as sleeping pills, sedatives, antidepressants, antibiotics, dermatological drugs and so on.
(9) What should I do if I really need to use prescription drugs during pregnancy?
First, you must tell the doctor that you are pregnant;
② Some prescription drugs are safe to take before pregnancy, but not necessarily during pregnancy. Therefore, you should consult your doctor before taking any medicine you have taken before;
3 Ask the doctor about the side effects of taking medicine and pay attention to the changes in your body;
4 Don't think that symptoms are changes in normal pregnancy. Tell your doctor about your symptoms and consult your doctor as much as possible.
(10) What should I discuss with my doctor about medication during pregnancy?
You have the right to spend some time discussing your problem with the doctor.
Is this medicine necessary?
What will happen if you take this medicine?
Can other methods replace taking this medicine?
Is the dose taken by pregnant women safe and is it safer to take other drugs?
Can you get the same effect by taking less medicine?
(2) What drugs do you take?
What does this medicine do?
Is it harmful to take it with other drugs or food?
How should I take this medicine?
How long do I need to take this medicine?
What if I forget to bring it?
Can I stop taking it when I feel better? Or do I need to take all the medicine I was given?
Do I need to see a doctor again when I need to write a new prescription?
What's wrong with taking this medicine?
Is this drug addictive? If yes, what is the shortest time to consult and take this medicine? Are there any other drugs that can be replaced? What side effects does this medicine have? What if there are side effects? If there are side effects, should I see a doctor? What effect may this medicine have on the fetus? If you really need to take it, when is it safer to take it during pregnancy? What dose is safer?
Does this medicine have long-term effects? What kind of influence is it?
You should know as much information as possible before you take medicine. Ask yourself if you already know all the effects and side effects of this medicine. If possible, think about whether there are other ways to take medicine instead.
(1 1) What should I do if I don't know I'm pregnant when I take medicine?
This situation is really not uncommon.
The most important thing is that pregnant women should not be nervous and worry too much.
② Consult a doctor and stop taking medicine immediately if possible. Doctors will know more about the nature, dosage and taking time of drugs. Follow the doctor's advice and don't have an abortion blindly.
If you continue to be pregnant, you should do prenatal examination on time and pay close attention to the development of the fetus. When necessary, special methods should be taken to make prenatal diagnosis of the fetus.
(12) Are all pregnant women forbidden to take medicine?
Be alert to the harm of drugs during pregnancy to the fetus, but some pregnant women are too cautious about this. Going to the other extreme, sometimes to the point of "talking about medicine changes color", this is not the correct attitude.
If pregnant women are not treated in time, and even dare not use the medicine, it will delay the illness and cause adverse consequences to pregnant women and fetuses. If seizures occur during pregnancy, if seizures are not controlled by drugs, it may lead to fetal hypoxia, fetal growth and development abnormalities, such as central nervous system abnormalities, and even fetal death.
Therefore, the key is to use drugs reasonably and safely under the guidance of doctors.
(13) Is it safe to take Chinese herbal medicine during pregnancy?
Not necessarily. For example, ginseng can be used to improve the fatigue performance of pregnant women, but long-term use will cause hypertension, insomnia, rash, etc., and there is a risk of miscarriage and fetal injury.
(14) What Chinese herbal medicines should not be taken during pregnancy?
Chinese medicines that should not be taken during pregnancy can be roughly divided into three categories:
① Drugs absolutely prohibited: such as croton, morning glory, lead powder, mercury, spurge, musk, Achyranthes bidentata, Phytolacca acinosa, centipede, etc.
② Drugs to be avoided as far as possible: such as Radix Aconiti Lateralis, Radix Aconiti Lateralis, Natrii Sulfas, Radix Kansui, Flos Genkwa, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Arisaematis, Camphora, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Verbena, Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis, Oletum Trogopterori, Squama Manis, Rhizoma Belamcandae, Realgar, Borax, etc.
③ Avoid using drugs alone, such as angelica tail, safflower, peach kernel, Pollen Typhae, Sushu, Curcuma aromatica, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Areca catechu, Magnolia officinalis, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lepidium, Calculus Bovis, Akebia Akebia, talc, etc.
From the point of view of drug performance, all drugs that are important, slippery, broken, antidiarrheal, pungent, easy to escape, toxic and hot are within the taboo range.
(15) There are restrictions on which Chinese herbal medicines are used during pregnancy abroad.
Comprises the following Chinese herbal medicines and mixed preparations:
Aloe vera;
Cimicifuga root;
West Zhuang;
Black grass (also known as aggregate grass or healing power);
Echinacea purpurea;
Fennel oil, fennel oil and fennel oil preparation;
Fennel oil, fennel oil, licorice and thyme preparations;
Fennel seeds, fennel seeds and fennel seed preparations;
Fennel seed, medicinal hollyhock root, eucalyptus oil and licorice preparation;
Fennel seed, medicinal hollyhock root, Icelandic moss and licorice preparation;
Fennel oil and fennel oil preparation;
Fennel oil, fennel oil and chamomile flower preparation;
Fennel seed and fennel seed preparation;
Fennel seed, fennel seed and chamomile flower preparation;
Licorice root, mint leaf and German chamomile flower preparation;
Licorice root, even primrose root, hollyhock root and fennel seed preparation;
Medicinal preparations of hollyhock root, fennel seed, Icelandic moss and thyme;
Medicinal preparations of hollyhock root, evening primrose root, licorice root and thyme oil;
Peppermint leaf and fennel seed preparation;
Mint leaves, fennel seeds and fennel seed preparations;
Juniper fruit;
Kava pepper;
Licorice root;
Foreign turnips;
Sage;
Grape leaves.
(16) Can I eat Chinese herbal medicine by myself during pregnancy?
At present, there is little research on the influence of Chinese herbal medicine on fetus, so it is best to consult a doctor before taking it.
(17) What should I do if I get pregnant while taking birth control pills?
Stop taking oral contraceptives and discuss your situation with your doctor. It used to be thought that oral contraceptives were harmful to the fetus, but now it is considered that the harm is very small, so there is no need to make a fuss.
(18) What should I do if I get pregnant after using the vaginal contraceptive membrane?
Vaginal contraceptive membrane is a semi-transparent sheet membrane prepared with drugs with strong spermicidal effect as the main medicine. After the membrane is put into vagina, it is dissolved into liquid medicine by vaginal secretions, and sperm will lose their mobility when they encounter liquid medicine, thus achieving the purpose of contraception. At present, it has not been found that vaginal contraceptive membrane has any effect on the growing fetus.
(19) Does the use of certain drugs by spouses affect pregnancy?
Some drugs will appear in male semen, such as griseofulvin. For another example, fathers taking thalidomide can also lead to deformities in their offspring. Recently, it has also been found that after taking an antiepileptic drug-phenytoin sodium, it can appear in semen, and its offspring may be defective. Therefore, it is best for men not to be fathers during drug treatment.
(20) Do antipsychotic drugs affect the fetus?
It has always been thought that antipsychotics may cause fetal cleft lip and other deformities. The research in recent 10 years proves that this drug has no obvious teratogenic effect on human fetus. However, if it is used for a long time or in large doses in the third trimester, it will cause neonatal hypotonia and dyspnea. It is recommended not to take it for a long time during pregnancy.
(2 1) Do health care products that help sleep affect the fetus?
Some health care products that help sleep actually contain an ingredient called melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. At present, there is a lack of research data on the effects of this drug on the fetus.
(22) What effect does taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have on the fetus?
It has been basically confirmed that taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnant women can cause renal defects such as renal failure, lead to anuria and oligohydramnios, and often eventually lead to neonatal death. Another obvious deformity is the softening of the skull. It is more dangerous for pregnant women to take drugs in the middle and late pregnancy (after the fourth month), so other drugs should be considered.
(23) Does the failure of contraception with "Yuting" affect the fetus?
Yuting is an emergency contraceptive, which mainly contains synthetic progesterone and norethindrone. When used in large doses during pregnancy, female fetuses may have a slight risk of male genitalia. After contraceptive failure, you should discuss your situation with your doctor and see the time and dosage of your medication.
(24) Can I take medicine for a cold in early pregnancy?
Try not to take medicine at the beginning of a cold or when the condition is not serious. You can use some physical methods, such as keeping warm, smelling your nose with vinegar, taking more rest, drinking more water and eating fruit juice rich in vitamin C, such as lemon juice.
If you have a fever. Try to use physical cooling methods, such as rubbing your body with warm water and applying cold compress (ice) to your forehead.
If the condition is serious or delayed for a long time, it may endanger the safety of the fetus if it is not treated in time. If you want to see a doctor in time, you must be treated by a doctor and provide safer drugs. Pregnant women should explain to the doctor the month of pregnancy and the incidence.
(25) What medicine is safer for pregnant women with a cold and fever?
You can choose the following safer drugs:
Antibiotics: such as penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporin, erythromycin, etc.
Febrile drugs: If pregnant women have a high fever for a period of time in the early pregnancy, it is easy to have adverse effects on the fetus. Therefore, antipyretics should be used when necessary. At present, paracetamol and aspirin are considered to be safe in early pregnancy, but aspirin should be avoided in late pregnancy or before delivery.
Cough-relieving and expectorant drugs: Most of these drugs contain codeine, but there is no obvious teratogenic effect when used in early pregnancy. In addition, these drugs often contain other pharmaceutical ingredients, so it is best not to use them.
Others: If you need to use antiallergic drugs, you can take chlorpheniramine in moderation.
(26) What effect does aspirin have on the fetus?
Aspirin is often used as analgesic and antipyretic, with antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. Short-term use of low-dose aspirin by pregnant women generally has no teratogenic effect on the fetus, but the current data can not completely rule out the existence of this danger. The effects of long-term large dose and overdose on the fetus are unknown at present. If pregnant women take aspirin before delivery, it may lead to intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Therefore, it is best for pregnant women who are prone to premature delivery and are giving birth to avoid using this medicine.
(27) Does taking Cistamine affect the fetus?
The current data can not prove that the use of this drug during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus.
(28) Does cough syrup affect the fetus?
Codeine can be used as an analgesic to relieve pain; It is also often used as a cough medicine to relieve cough. Long-term use will be addictive. Current data do not show that codeine will increase the incidence of birth defects. However, babies born to addicted pregnant women may have growth problems and may be addictive. Addicted babies have feeding difficulties, irritability, crying, vomiting, diarrhea, nasal congestion and other manifestations. If used during childbirth, newborn babies may have difficulty breathing. Conventional doses in the third trimester will not make the baby addicted. Pregnant women are advised not to use codeine too much, let alone when it is not needed. Please consult a doctor if necessary.
(29) Does the use of antibiotics affect the fetus?
I often catch a cold. Does the use of penicillin antibiotics affect the fetus?
Penicillin is a common antibiotic for pregnant women. It is safe to use during pregnancy and has no adverse effects on the fetus.
② Does the use of cephalosporins during pregnancy affect the fetus?
Cephalosporins commonly used in obstetrics. At present, it is considered safer for pregnant women and fetuses. These drugs include cefalexin, cefthiophene and cefaclor.
③ Penicillin allergy, can I take monascus drugs during pregnancy?
These drugs include erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. At present, it is considered that the drug is safe to use during pregnancy. However, drugs do not easily pass through the placenta, and if the fetus is infected and needs treatment, it will not work.
In some animal experiments, clarithromycin has a bad effect on pregnancy outcome, but there is no information about humans.
④ If trichomonal vaginitis is found during pregnancy and treated with metronidazole, will it affect the fetus?
It is generally believed that the use of metronidazole during pregnancy will not lead to the increase of fetal congenital malformation. However, it is still necessary to be cautious when using this medicine during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Metronidazole can be used locally in vagina or orally, but it is generally not taken orally during pregnancy, so vaginal administration is appropriate.
⑤ Candida vaginitis (formerly known as fungal vaginitis) was found during pregnancy. Does the treatment with nystatin affect the fetus?
It is generally believed that nystatin is safe for vaginal use during pregnancy.
⑥ Streptomycin has adverse effects on fetus. What's the effect? What other drugs should be avoided?
Streptomycin is harmful to fetal kidney and hearing, so it should be used with caution during pregnancy. These drugs also include gentamicin sulfate and amikacin. Although gentamicin and amikacin have not been found to cause congenital malformation, kidney and hearing damage, it is best to avoid using them.
⑦ I had urinary tract infection during pregnancy, and the doctor prescribed sulfonamides for me. Does it affect the fetus?
Sulfonamides are common broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as compound sulfamethoxazole and synergistic sulfamethoxazole. These drugs should not be taken in the last trimester of pregnancy and lactation, otherwise it may cause jaundice in infants. In addition, some studies have found that sulfanilamide synergist can interfere with the metabolism of folic acid, and the abnormality of folic acid can lead to some serious birth defects in human beings. Therefore, compound sulfamethoxazole and sulfanilamide synergist should be avoided during pregnancy.
Can ciprofloxacin be used during pregnancy?
These drugs include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation because these drugs are harmful to developing fetal bones and joints in animal experiments.
(30) Can pregnant women take medicine to treat fetal diseases?
Some can. For example, pregnant women use low-dose dexamethasone to promote fetal lung development; Pregnant women taking digitalis can treat fetal tachycardia.