All this began with the vigorous political innovation movement-Yongzhen Innovation.
"Qian Fan is beside the sinking ship, and Wan Muchun is in front of the sick tree." You are in the prime of life, looking at the mountains and rivers, and your fighting spirit seems to be surging. Reformists, what a pity! If you choose the wrong way, even if you do your best, you can only sigh and lament the injustice of this world. Stillbirth The reason is also very simple, because it infringes on the vested interests of big noble, a big bureaucrat. There seems to be no suspense, and the ending is tragic and desolate. In the far south field, there are a group of ragged and exhausted people. This is the "Eight Sima" who was demoted to be an official in the remote areas of the south.
When literati meet politics, tragedy is born. Chen Ziang is like this, Bai Juyi is like this, and so are you.
No one understands, but it is a sad thing! You are the most unfortunate poet in the history of the Tang Dynasty, a troubled person and a scarred person.
No children, wife died, mother died, and now you are alone. So your enthusiasm cooled a little in the wind, and finally there was only the great loneliness of "an old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue". (prose net: www.sanwen.net)
A person, with a broken heart, came to Yongzhou and started your ten-year lonely relegation career.
When you walk out of Chang 'an, facing the biting wind, biting rain and desolate weeds in the south, you have lost your attachment to state affairs, but the original impulse to literature hidden in your bones has emerged in generate. Thus, in the political arena of the Tang Dynasty in China, there may be one less honest official, but a brilliant literary master was born.
The first snow since winter came earlier than before, and the heavy snow in Yongzhou aroused your infinite sadness. You miss your wife and parents, and you decide to leave the cold and lonely house. You must go outside to enjoy the snow.
Through the deep alley, I came to a river called Xiaoshui and stood at the bridge. A wonderful scene is printed in front of my eyes: Qian Shan is covered with snow, and there is not a bird in sight. Thousands of roads were covered with snow and no one could be seen. Only on the boundless river, I saw a lonely boat, quietly moored on the frozen river. In this world of ice and snow, only an old man wearing a hemp fiber and a hat is fishing in the river.
An unprecedented shock filled your whole body. In a flash, after reading everything about the old man, you couldn't help singing:
There are no birds in the mountains,
A thousand roads without footprints.
A boat, a bamboo cloak,
An old man was fishing in the cold river snow.
Who is the loneliest in such a pure and silent world? It's the old man in front. Who is this old man? Old man, just yourself.
Jiang Xue is one of the most profound poems in China's classical poetry.
In the spring season, because the song "Jiang Xue" gave you the courage to face the reality, and because the landscape of Yongzhou soothed your wounded heart, you began to look at all misfortunes with an attitude of being born, and you returned to the energetic and passionate Liu Zongyuan when you were young.
Looking at Yongzhou, I want to do something. Your long-lost enthusiasm is slowly accumulated like snow, so you can't do nothing. The conscience in your heart rings like a bell. As a result, a brand-new Yongzhou appeared, and a politically harmonious Yongzhou appeared. Yongzhou people can't live without you.
Your wonderful pen blooms in Eight Records of Yongzhou. You, a "good man", missed the glory of officialdom and escaped the indoctrination of deception. Your eyes are still clear, and your personality is simple and great, which can't be shaken or concealed at all. It is this clear spiritual body that makes your writing quiet and profound. That pool of dark green and serene water is full of fresh water, which is intoxicating.
You crossed the small stone pond and came to Koishiyama. The beautiful scenery you have never seen makes him crazy, so you can't help but sigh, how good it is to be that tail fish, if you swim around in the air, you will be free; It would be nice to be that bird. I only appreciate my beautiful feathers every day and feel sorry for myself.
"The trees and vines are shaded, winding and patchy." Really intoxicated! But fish always live in groups, and birds always return to their nests. "Surrounded by bamboo forests, it is lonely and lonely, sad and cold." People always have to face the reality. Your heart is hurt and empty.
Bright sadness, rippling in the air, permeates into every tiny dust. I can't listen to it anymore. ...
Seeing that the best time of people will be wasted, at this time, the emperor is safe on earth. He came back and went to Liuzhou, farther away, before his ass was hot. In order to take care of Liu Yuxi, you didn't want his old mother to suffer such a disaster, so you took the initiative to go.
Liuzhou in the wild.
You are desperate, desperate for the imperial court and desperate for Chang 'an. You have embarked on a long journey again. When you pass by Yongzhou, you look at the grass and trees, mountains and rivers in Yongzhou, and your eyes are full of tears.
Fortunately, you are a strong person, because you have experienced too many storms.
You relegated Liuzhou, just like in Yongzhou, to be the official of your parents. You roll up your sleeves, put on a straw hat, and repair water while walking. Go ahead and cultivate fertile land; Let's promote the market. You are relieved, you become free and easy, you let go of your melancholy, and you strut so generously. You love the people like a child, and the people affectionately call you "Liu Liuzhou".
You are too tired. I dare not forget to worry about my country. After all, the burden on your thin body is too heavy. Finally, like a crushed tree, it collapsed under the attack of wind, frost, rain and snow. A generation of literary giants left silently. The emperor doesn't know, but the people remember you. There must be many people mourning for you. It must be a long string of papers and long cries. This is public opinion.
Liu Zongyuan, Liu Zihou! Liu Hedong, Liu Longzhou! Returning home without a soul, buried in the mountains and rivers of Lingnan, is alive in the history of word of mouth.
You don't need an imperial seal, that classic masterpiece is your best epitaph; The kindest name of the people is a heavy memory that will never be forgotten!
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Luochi is small, with a small pool of cold water, surrounded by many tall osmanthus trees. The cold rain in early winter soaked Luochi and osmanthus trees. Dense leaves have locked the silence of Luochi for thousands of years, but they can't lock the cool fragrance of osmanthus flowers that open in late winter.
In this rainy winter, beside the cold Luochi, in the cold fragrance of the Millennium osmanthus tree, I approached Liuzhou and Liu Zongyuan.
The first place to visit in Liuzhou is Luochi, where there is the cenotaph of Liu Zongyuan, a great poet, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty.
Luo Chi in front of me looked at me quietly, like an eye through history.
Although Liuzhou is named after Liujiang, the city with the same surname as the poet has fatally become the ultimate destination of the poet's soul, so many people always think of Liu Zongyuan when they mention Liuzhou. At the age of 47, Liu Zongyuan, who died in Liuzhou with a cavity of grief and indignation, really regarded Liuzhou as the final destination of his wandering life. It is said that after Liu Zongyuan's death, he once said to his friend Han Yu in a dream, "I am in Luochi", so this small Luochi on the edge of Liuzhou City has become a place where poets enjoy a thousand years of peace. Perhaps, this poet Qianshan, who has been frustrated and displaced all his life and read thousands of books all his life, can finally soothe his soul, which is such a quiet, poetic and natural scenery.
Do poets really have to go through human suffering? Knowing Liu Zongyuan's life, we can't help but feel deeply about the fate of the poet. Liu Zongyuan, a native of Hedong (present-day yongji city) in Tang Dynasty, was born in the capital Chang 'an in 773. His ancestors were all court officials. After entering the Tang Dynasty, the Liu family had a close relationship with the Li royal family. During the reign alone, as many as 22 members of the Liu family served as ministers in the province at the same time. If fate had arranged for Liu Zongyuan to be born decades earlier, his life would have been rich and glorious. But when Liu Zongyuan was born, his family had declined because of the repeated attacks and persecution of Wu Zetian. Born after An Shi Rebellion, Liu Zongyuan never enjoyed the glory of his family, but spent his childhood in poverty and hardship. However, at the age of 20, he was a scholar in high school. At the age of 365,438+0, he became an official who supervised the empire. Although his rank is low, his authority is no less than that of the empire and he is regarded as an official career. However, the glorious dream of the Guangfu family did not last for several years, because they participated in the Yongzhen innovation that ended in failure only half a year and began the fate of being demoted. Moreover, he was constantly exiled, physically tortured, and also suffered from loneliness in his heart, which accompanied him mercilessly throughout his life! First, he was demoted as the secretariat of Shaozhou (now Shaoyang City, Hunan Province), but before he got halfway, he was demoted as Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling City, Hunan Province). Yongzhou is located at the junction of Hunan and Guangdong. It was lonely at that time. It was a terrible place with few people. After Liu Zongyuan came to Yongzhou with her 67-year-old mother, she didn't even have a place to live. Later, with the help of a monk, she boarded in longxing temple. Because of the hard life, his mother Lushi died before he arrived in Yongzhou for half a year. After Liu Zongyuan was demoted, his political opponents still refused to let him go. Rumors, slander and personal attacks have turned him into a "strange man". In Yongzhou, cruel political persecution and hard living environment made Liu Zongyuan sad, depressed and miserable. Coupled with several ruthless fires, his health has been seriously damaged, even to the extent that "walking makes his knees tremble and sitting feels awkward". The fall of Yongzhou was 10 year. In the first month of the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were recalled to Beijing. But it has not been reused. Due to hatred of Wu and others, he went to Chang 'an in February and announced his demotion in March. Liu Zongyuan was demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou (now Liuzhou, Guangxi). Long-term relegation, hardships in life and mental torture have made Liu Zongyuan's health worse and worse, and he is really old before he is old. After staying in Liuzhou for four years, Tang Xianzong agreed to recall Liu Zongyuan under the mediation of his good friend Pei Du. However, it is too late. Before the imperial edict arrived in Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan died with a cavity of grief and indignation at the age of 47.
"Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing on the cold river-snow. " This is a Tang poem known to all women and children. Its clean and refreshing words, ethereal and quiet pictures and detached artistic conception have become cultural labels attached to the hearts of Chinese people. As for Liu Zongyuan, who wrote this poem, if you want to describe his life experience in the shortest words, it is that he was born at an untimely time and was constantly demoted. In ancient times, for a literati with political ambitions, being demoted as an official was actually an exile of the soul. But perhaps human fate is a double-edged sword, and political frustration may just be an opportunity for literati to temper their poetic hearts; The physical exile may have created an opportunity for the poet to read thousands of books's trip to Wan Li. Liu Zongyuan's literary achievements in his life, especially his eternal reputation in poetry, landscape travel notes and prose, are the remains of his wandering and frustration all his life. And his contribution to Liuzhou has so far made Liuzhou people grateful.
Liuzhou was a backward and desolate place at that time. Most residents are ethnic minorities, living in extreme poverty, and their customs and habits are very different from those of the Central Plains. Liu Zongyuan, who is new here, doesn't understand the language and can't adapt to everything, but he is still determined to use the limited strength of the Secretariat to continue to carry out reforms in this place and do something good for the local people. In Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan was determined to abolish the cruel habit of "taking money from men and women as ransom from time to time, and if the child is like this, he will not be a handmaiden", and formulated a set of measures to release the handmaid, stipulating that the slave can calculate his salary by time, restore his personal freedom after paying off his debts, and go home to reunite with his relatives. This move was welcomed by the poor and was later extended to counties outside Liuzhou. In view of the local people's superstitious and backward customs, Liu Zongyuan prohibited Jianghu witch doctors from defrauding people. Organize the development of cultural and educational undertakings, set up schools and popularize medicine, so that Liuzhou, which has never dared to drill wells, has successively drilled several wells and solved the drinking water problem. There are many wasteland in Liuzhou, and Liu Zongyuan organized idle labor to reclaim it. Only one reclaimed wasteland in Dayun Temple has planted 30,000 bamboo poles and hundreds of beds of vegetables. He also attaches great importance to tree planting and has personally participated in tree planting activities for many times. Liuzhou four years is the last time of Liu Zongyuan's life. Within the scope of its power, in view of the actual situation in Liuzhou, some reforms were carried out to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, which benefited one party. These reform measures are actually the continuation of Wang's reform and his initial political ideal, reflecting his indomitable life.
Liu Zongyuan, who died in Liuzhou, was unable to transport his body back to his hometown. It was not until 1 was raised by friends that he was able to return to his hometown.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 65,438+040 poems, one of the few in the Tang Dynasty, but many of them were handed down from generation to generation. Su Shi once commented: "What is expensive is dry and light, which means dry cream outside. It seems light and beautiful, but also deep and thick. " Juxtapose Liu Zongyuan and Tao Yuanming.
Most of Liu Zongyuan's existing poems are his relegated works.