Empress Xiao Yiren, (? Tong Jiashi, a native of Huangqi, Manchuria, was the third empress of Kangxi and her first cousin. Kangxi died the day after he was sealed on July 9, 2008. In fact, he only became the queen for less than a day and became the queen with the shortest reign in the history of our country. Her husband, Emperor Kangxi, a saint of the Qing Dynasty, was the longest-serving emperor in China.
Chinese name: Tong Jiashi.
Nationality: China.
Nationality: Manchu
Birthplace: People from Xianghuang Banner, Manchuria
Date of death: 10th day of July, 28th year of Kangxi.
Occupation: Empress Xiao Yiren
In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), on August 22nd, Smith collected a portrait of Emperor Kangxi's filial piety and made it a noble lady.
In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), after the death of Empress Xiaozhaoren, Kangxi did not have a queen for more than ten years. So Tong Jiashi, the highest-ranking imperial concubine in the harem, took photos of the Sixth Palace as the deputy queen.
In the twentieth year of Kangxi (168 1), she was promoted to the imperial concubine on December 20th.
In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), on June 19th, she gave birth to eight girls and died in June.
In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), Tong Guogang was asked to return to Manchuria. From then on, the Tong family was carried into Manchuria by the flag of the Han army and named Tong Jiashi.
On the eighth day of July in the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), the imperial concubine was seriously ill.
On the ninth day, he was made queen.
On the tenth day (3 pm to 5 pm), the queen collapsed.
On the 13th, Feng moved Queen Zi Gong to the hall outside Chaoyangmen.
On September 19, the book was named Empress Xiaoyi.
1October 1 1 day, Feng moved the xiaoyi queen Zigong to Jingling.
In November, Queen Xiaoyi was honored as a goddess and promoted to Fengxian Hall.
In June of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Shengzuo Hall was promoted. Respect and be kind.
In September of the first year of Yongzheng, I paid tribute to you, saying "filial piety, gentleness, sincerity, kindness, kindness, kindness, devotion to heaven, and assisting the holy queen".
In November of the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), (Qianlong) paid tribute to the emperor, saying "filial piety, gentleness, kindness, kindness, kindness." .
In April of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), I paid tribute to you, saying, "Filial piety, gentleness, sincerity, kindness, benevolence, kindness, and being a virtuous queen".
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introduce
Empress Xiao Yiren (? -1August 24th, 689) Tong Jiashi, a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, is the daughter of Tong Guowei, the minister in charge of guards. She was originally the biological mother of Emperor Kangxi, the niece of Queen Xiao Zhangkang, and the cousin of Kangxi. In the Qing Dynasty, the ancestors were empresses, concubines and queens. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, he applied for lettering collapse on the tenth day of July. Bury Jingling. Posthumous title, after three dynasties of Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, was called: filial piety, gentleness and gentleness, Duan Renxian Mu, Luo Cihui, Feng Tianzuo and Empress Shengren.
brief introduction
Xiao Yiren, Tong Jiashi, first-class male Tong Guowei, Xiao's niece. Sixteen years of Kangxi, your wife. Twenty years, into the imperial concubine. Twenty-eight years in July, terminally ill, the book is the queen. The next day, Chen Jia fell. Say "queen of filial piety" This is the second time since Renxiao and Xiao Zhao were buried in winter. Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing add up to say, Wencheng, Duan Renxian, Ke Cihui, and Zuo Shengren. Woman, yes.
-Biography of Empress Dowager Qing Dynasty
Be crowned imperial concubine
August 22nd, 16th year of Kangxi.
Send a college student to feel basil Dehong, hold a festival and award it to Tong Shubao. Be crowned imperial concubine.
Be crowned imperial concubine
October of the twentieth year of Kangxi.
Tell does, I respectfully serve the empress dowager. Since ancient times, emperors have been cautious and prepared for internal affairs, helping each other. Remember the past, and the ceremony is long. Tang Guifei and Wen Hui Duan Liang. The instrument is on. Today, I was made a royal concubine.
1February 20th.
Life college student Le Dehong, hold the festival into the imperial concubine child, for the imperial concubine. The book says that I only care about five yards, and I care about danger. Second, the south is the beginning, and Guan Yu is sacred. Looking back on the changes of chapters. The order of typing Chen Wei. Tong's imperial concubine. Yusheng famous valve. Auxiliary boudoir Wen Hui is homesick. End in virtue. Fang Ling ruled the history of maps and kept diligent at night. Table Yu Yifan Huang Heng, tolerant of speech. I hereby accept the kindness of Empress Dowager Tai, take the book treasure, and make you the imperial concubine. You can shine in your heart and use the scenery to benefit one party. Yi Fu, Yi Shen, Yu Hongyong, Mao Yan. Qin zai
Become a queen
July of the 28th year of Kangxi.
On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, I went to serve the queen mother and returned to the palace from Changchun Garden.
(Day 8) Yin Yan. Yu Li, Feng, Empress Dowager, Huang Guifei, Xiao Tong, Su. Juyu's sons are extremely diligent in preparation. Today, you suddenly fell ill and your life was in danger. I cherish my heart deeply. You should be made a queen immediately to show your love and praise. As soon as Qin's words came out, the top nine ministers went to the palace again and again to ask for books. I seldom think and procrastinate. Today, I only follow the orders of mercy and compassion and make Tong Guifei the queen. The ceremony should be held, and I will discuss it immediately.
(the ninth day). Canonize the queen. Send officials to worship the heavens, the earth and the ancestral temple.
Tong Guifei was made queen. The book says: "I only want Germany to assist the king in the palace." . Liu Fang General History and Muyi are used in Jiabang. LingBing let Fan Yi bear the burden. Tianhong is famous, with the right time and the right place. I am the daughter of Tong Guowei, who is the uncle of the minister in charge of bodyguards. Tie the cymbals. Xiang Zhong Qi Li. You are very diligent, very diligent. Show sincerity and filial piety to pepper. Kindness adheres to the virtue of equality between Yan and Ju Zi. Respecting Zhang, Zhai and Mao is prudent. According to rewelding said. Suitable for Mao Dian. I hereby obey the merciful orders and order Shubao and Lear to become queens. Erqi only accepts the fate of the scene. Protect the bow. Turn the quilt into an apple for the benefit of the descendants of the emblem. Zhao Rong is a great emperor, and he will prosper forever. Qin zai
It is this day that it will be released to the whole world. Zhao Yue, the emperor was ordered by dawn to caress Wanfang, ended the palace and turned to the sea. Qing's commitment to the ancestral temple and support for this branch are all due to the help of his wife. We, the Virgin Renxian, sincerely benefit the pure and virtuous queen mother, and have long taught her with Kun and ruled the country with virtue. The imperial concubine of the emperor is very filial to her. Juyu's sons are extremely diligent in preparation. It should be a queen, a palace and a mother instrument. Qin listened to good advice. Sue heaven and earth, sue the ancestral temple. On July 9th, the 28th year of Kangxi, she was appointed as the queen, the daughter of Tong Guowei, the uncle of the bodyguard, and the imperial concubine. I am still a teacher, and I am a diligent teacher. Yin, Yong cotton-padded jacket. Zhao Hua originated from Lun Heng. Puzai Huanqu. China and foreign ambassadors heard the news.
Ten articles in the letter of grace.
Post-mortem funeral
July of the 28th year of Kangxi.
(Day 10) Chen Jia. Queen Schenk collapsed. Go to school for five days. The following kings, civil and military officials, princesses and second-class maids of the Eight Banners all gathered together to express their condolences. For 27 days.
(the first 13) Ding Wei. Feng moved to the queen's womb of the big bank and enjoyed the temple outside Chaoyangmen. Deliver it in person. The following kings, civil and military officials, princesses and second-class maids of the Eight Banners all gathered together to express their condolences.
Always offering sacrifices to the big line queen. Come to mourn in person.
Yu Li Department, Tong Family and Sioux City of Shu De. Fang Hui is wearing it. Serve the queen mother and be filial. Raising all children is love. Be respectful and cautious. Yu Xia is lenient. Type a adapter, palace special. Obey kindness and bow to me. It will still be difficult to treat in the future. I died on the 10th day of July in the 28th year of Kangxi. As soon as I was pregnant with Fan Yi, I mourned deeply. It is appropriate to have a name to make it permanent. Cabinet, academician courtyard, association can play. The ceremony should be held and the detailed investigation of the Ministry should be discussed quickly.
Mao Yi. The first sacrifice to the queen of the big bank. Come to mourn in person. It's day and night.
Chen Bing. Sacrifice the big line queen. Come to mourn in person.
Geng Shen. The official department, emperors of past dynasties, care and control of Huan area, and the help of Gong Wei. However, the virtue of post-virtue is different from the origin of Wang Hua. Internal treatment is important, and the ceremony is long. Therefore, it is to test the past dynasties, build palaces, live in tunsheng, and be knighted by tin. It is included in Yichang, and it comes from the past. Only a great queen is a Chinese hamburger. Be careful. Pu Kuanren was arrested. Bow to thrift. Pay attention to service and express sincere filial piety. It is kind to raise all children. Fang Zuo deserves my bow and Ji Yong's education. Suddenly, I died and mourned for me. The ceremony is ready for honor and disgrace, and the grace is not sad. Tong Guowei, the minister's uncle, is also the father of the Great Queen. Respect the old and love the young. Be loyal to the world. Lao Xun's works show hygiene. Mou Moyun praised the rock gallery. Thanks to the kindness of Empress Dowager Cixi and the birthday show of Empress Dowager Cixi, it is a great honor. Make a model with leather sheets. Yi Hui suddenly expressed gratitude, sadness and sorrow. After thinking about the legacy of virtue, this is a celebration of a good minister. It is advisable to increase ranks to coordinate laws and regulations. I obeyed my kindness and kindness. Tong Guowei, the author was rated as a first-class public. Give orders from the empire. Genetic substitution
August.
Geng Wu. Sacrifice the big line queen. Come to mourn in person. The following kings, civil and military officials, gathered to mourn. Take off your clothes.
Xin Wei sacrificed the big line queen. Come to mourn in person.
Full moon. To the great queen. Come to mourn in person.
Bingwu. The Queen's Mid-Autumn Festival. Come to mourn in person.
September.
Good news. The queen who booked the great line. Send the capital Lakhdar to the ancestral hall.
Mao Yi. Ya Bu, Prince Jian Shuo, King of Duoluo New County, E Za, Shubao, Queen of Shanghang. The cultivation of classics, Taoism and Honghong and Liugong Yinjiao. At the beginning of human relations, the mother instrument of all countries is heavy. I am good at it, and my voice is enough to inherit the front emblem. The history of the picture is always fresh, and the meaning is always fresh. Queen tong's family fell in love with her family. Yan Rui Mingzong. Ke Yuanbing's heart and gentleness convey women's advice. Wen Zhuang, who shows jade degree and this kind of talent in style. Save yourself from drowning. Than Zhou Jing's daughter. With the twilight, I will crow respectfully and diligently. Pu Juyu preached kindness and praised Lin Ding. Different people have different opinions. Be determined to be a sage, but adopt it if it is unfair. The world is rich and thrifty. The name has been crowned by the imperial court, modest and sincere. Wear a ring knot and boast of night clothes. Only by knitting hard, let the teacher do his work. The wind in Ernan follows the track. Nine lightness belongs to love. Naiwei Cooperate with zhe tui. At the beginning of the imperial system, the party period was extended to long autumn. In the eternal night, rotating Chen, mourning. Although the beauty of this day is easy to thank, the order of the Millennium is poor. Archaeology is easy to seal. It is said that it is obvious. Yu Huan's talent. Raise the light of the stone. The special book is precious, and it is posthumously called the queen of filial piety. Yu Xi. Back-to-back type is in laurel and beautiful ginger. The radio is on, and the stereo is hanging on the dome. Honor and sorrow. I only appreciate you.
October.
Chen Wu Mid-Autumn Festival of Xiaoyi Queen. Come to mourn in person.
Geng Wu. Yi queen's 100-day sacrifice. To mourn in person
Ren Shen. On the 11th, Feng moved to Zigong, the Queen of Xiaoyi, and went to Shanling. Go to the shrine in person Under the king, above the officers, gathered to mourn.
Feng moved Zigong, the Queen of Xiaoyi, to Shanling. Deliver it in person. Under the king, officials, princesses, princesses and second-class women all gathered to mourn and kneel down. He ordered the emperor's eldest son to allow him, the third son to allow him, and the fourth son Yin Zhen to accompany him. It's Japan and Shanghai on Wuli Bridge.
Self-sufficiency. Yi Xiaoyi Empress Zigong Feng 'an Underground Palace. From Zigong to Shanling, the Japanese Empress and Xiaoyi. Enjoy the temple quietly.
Renwu Feng moved the uterus of Queen Xiaoyi to the enjoyment hall in front of the underground palace. Send the emperor's eldest son to study and sacrifice.
Guiwei. My own time. Empress Feng Qian's uterus and Xiaoyi burial palace. Have a libation in person. Kings, ministers and military salute, etc. Japanese and Shanghainese are stationed in Tangquan.
November.
Geng Shen. With the goddess of filial piety, I will ascend to Fengxian Hall. I'm going to Fengxian Temple to offer sacrifices.
Have a heart. Send a member of the Manchu University to the Queen Xiaoyi. On this day, I boarded the Fengxian Temple with a holy card.
-"A Record of the Qing Emperor Sheng Zuren"
September of the first year of Yongzheng
Gong Shang, Xiao Yiren, Empress, you are addressed respectfully. This book writes. If you work hard, Kun Yuan will make a great contribution. Body emblem, temple worship and ceremony of respecting relatives. Ben Yao thinks Yao Xihong is infinite. Qin Wei was an emperor, filial and filial. Teng fen is happy. Zuo Xiancheng's greatness and bravery, and his efforts in politics and music. The heart is full of love and the mother wears it. Take the road of harmony and be sincere and filial to Tong Wei. Still frugal and modest, his wings are flat on the saddle. Fu Chongling and Gu Fu, prepare for the benevolence of jade. Looking back on ten years, I don't want to repay the virtue of a generation. The blessing of the Burmese court is like a treasure. I feel that the years have passed and I have been in a daze for a long time. Pursue Wei's kindness and care for Gao's kindness. I hope to celebrate my birthday. Let Fan and Xun feel infinitely gratified. A soldier's brilliant emblem will last with the sky. I want to send you a rare book. Xiaoyi is gentle and sincere. Xi 'an Mu Feng Tianzuo Shengren Empress. Fu's spiritual asylum, Tianlu's prosperity. Jia Xin and Yong Kuo Sheng Tu are vast. Clean and fragrant. Shiny stones hang for a long time. Be careful. Yue, Wen Cheng Duan Renxian Mu Fengtian Zuo Shengren's treasure.
-"A Record of Emperor Zongxian of Qing Dynasty"
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Kangxi's Mourning Poems and Their Translation
After the death of Empress Xiao Yiren, Kangxi wrote the following poem in memory of his dead wife:
Four Poems by Queen Gong Wan Dahang
The queen of the bank showed the kindness of Zhonghua Valve and Kun's letter. Those who deserve it are all in Zhai Yu's position. They just received the book, and then the baby got sick, so they didn't wear the badge. It's new autumn and summer, and the moon sets, hurting the blue sky star. Birds of a feather flock together, people die with their lives, and snow sees the legacy with tears; The court is empty and eternal, and the curtains are concerned. Sadness comes from it, I can't help it. I held hands and chatted.
original text
I feel sad at night when the moon covers the Pepper Palace and sighs to leave.
Tears add thousands of lines of rain, and I am eager for Qiu Guang's heart.
Wild geese die when they cross Hengyang, but it is difficult for fish to sink into the sea.
Worry can't solve your inner dreams, but you can also forget the past.
translate
A corner of the palace covers the moon and mourns the parting. When you are sad, you feel that the night insects are very sad.
The raindrops falling in the sky are like my tears. The cold Qiu Guang seems to have cut off his feelings, but it keeps cutting off.
You and I are separated, and even the goose web and fish belly can't send messages anymore.
No matter how busy the national affairs are, I can't forget those old scenes.
original text
I shed tears in the sunset and frown in the mirror.
The dew is cold and the Yao platform is lonely, and the smoke is stuffed with green trees and hates the west and the east.
Old poems are hard to look back, but new moons are born in vain.
There is no information at the end of the world, and the sound of broken strings is in Weiyang Palace.
translate
As the sun sets, I look at the mirror alone and see myself frowning, tears have flowed to my cheeks.
At night, the cold dew wet the steps, and the fog lingered among the treetops, adding loneliness and melancholy.
You can't look back even if you recite old poems. After the moon rises, it just shines in the lonely night sky.
From now on, you can only be a lonely bird wandering around the world, and I can only stay in the palace without listening to music and songs.
original text
Autumn sound is falling, and the center is uneven.
Leave sadness when the leaves fall, don't hate and complain.
The lonely Yao village is separated, and the blue sea is heavy.
Qin Yu wailed and stopped, and the pain in the hall was even worse at night.
translate
Hearing the sound of autumn rain outside the window, there are too many stagnation in my heart that can't be calmed down.
I see leaves falling when I taste sadness, and I hate the chirping of crickets when I leave.
You seem to have gone to the other side of the sky and the other side of the sea.
I was the only one listening to sad music, and I was sad until dawn.
original text
The voice is sad, and the tears are for whom.
Female chitose, Kun Zhen should be in Kyushu.
The breeze sells night candles, and the figure is scattered in Qionglou.
Sigh that this life is bitter and infinitely sad.
translate
Your smile and voice have disappeared, for whom will my tears flow?
Your virtue and integrity are enough to dominate the world.
The cool breeze blew the candle flickering, but there was no one in it.
Sighing how bitter my life is, I always experience too much sadness.
Poetry translation: children
Express feelings
These four poems sincerely express Kangxi's deep feelings for Xiao Yi. But the day before yesterday, I saw some netizens say that this poem was actually not written for Xiao Yi, but for two other queens. I just find it ridiculous. These four poems were written shortly after Xiao Yi's death, and posthumous title in Xiao Yi has not yet been determined. Therefore, we call Xiao Yi the "Queen of Dahang". If some netizens don't even know how to use the "Queen of Dahang", then I can only shrug my shoulders and have nothing to say. One has been dead for more than ten years, and so has posthumous title. Ridiculous! However, if these four poems express Kangxi's mourning for filial piety, they also pin their hopes on the other two queens, which is acceptable. After all, the loss of a new wife is human nature, and grief is magnified. At the same time, he thought of his other two wives who died young, especially the one who loved Kangxi.
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Xiaoyi former residence
abstract
There is no clear record about the palace where Xiaoyi lived before his death. At present, the two most popular sayings are Chenggan Palace and Ren Jing Palace.
Chenggan Palace said:
1. Chenggan Palace has been the palace where the imperial concubine lived since the Ming Dynasty, and Dong E Fei, the imperial concubine of Shunzhi in the previous dynasty, lived in Chenggan Palace, so the imperial concubine of Kangxi Dynasty may also live in Chenggan Palace.
2. Xiaoyi died in Chenggan Palace, so it is more likely to be Chenggan Palace.
Ren Jing Palace said:
As we all know, Kangxi was born in Ren Jing Palace, so his mother Xiao should be the princess of the palace when she was a concubine, and Xiaoyi was a well-off niece. Kangxi's affection for his mother and cousin may make Xiaoyi another princess in Ren Jing Palace after his mother.
But in the 42nd year of Kangxi, after the death of Prince Fuquan, the second brother of Kangxi, Kangxi once lived in Ren Jing Palace as a memorial, which means that Ren Jing Palace may not be inhabited for a long time before this. Of course, it does not rule out that there is no possibility of living after Xiao Yi died 28 years ago.
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Xiao Yi's age guess
Speculation in the novel
There is no clear record about the age of filial piety in historical materials.
Xiaoyi first appeared in the sixteenth year of Kangxi, when she was made the imperial concubine. There is no record before, and we can't even know when she entered the palace.
In Emperor Kangxi's family, Yang Zhen thought Xiaoyi might be the same age as Kangxi, but did not explain why.
Li Ling's novel "Twilight Drum and Morning Bell" said that Xiaoyi and Cheng Xiao were the same age and were cousins of Kangxi. This is probably the source of the online rumor that Xiaoyi is the "cousin queen".
Life speculation
However, judging from the ages of Kangxi's biological mothers Xiao Kang and Tong Guowei, it is less likely that Xiao Yi and Kangxi are cousins or the same age: Queen Xiao Kang was born when Kangxi was 14 years old, and Tong Guowei was Xiao Kang's younger brother. Although there is no record of his birthday, there are poems congratulating Tong Guowei on his 60th birthday around the forty-first year of Kangxi, so it is estimated that Tong Guowei was born in Chongde for eight years, two years younger than Xiao Kang. So when Kangxi was born, Tong Guowei 12 years old. Although it is possible to get married and have children, it is unlikely that he is the same age as Kangxi or even bigger than Kangxi.
As for when Xiao Yi was born, we can only guess. At that time, the normal age for men to get married should be 16 years old, and they should have children immediately after marriage. Xiaoyi should also be 5 years old, or Tong Guowei should be 13 or 4 years old, so if Xiaoyi is the eldest daughter, she will be 2-3 years old. It can be ruled out that Xiaoyi was born in Tong Guowei's concubine room. Judging from several queens of Kangxi, Kangxi attached great importance to family status and would not choose the daughter of a concubine as the queen of the palace.
Kangxi got married in four years, and the draft was held once every three years. It can be inferred that it was in the fourth, seventh, tenth, thirteenth and sixteenth years of Kangxi. . . . Of course, there is the draft, and Cheng Xiao collapsed in May of the 13th year of Kangxi. If it is a draft after May, then this year's draft will be cancelled and postponed for three years.
Hypothetical speculation
Filial piety first appeared in our perspective in the sixteenth year of Kangxi, except for political marriage. Generally, the young women in Qing Dynasty are between 13 and 17 years old.
Suppose she entered the palace in the sixteenth year of Kangxi, then she was born in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi-the fourth year of Kangxi, and Tong Guowei 19-23 years old;
Suppose she entered the palace in thirteen years, then she was born in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi-the first year of Kangxi, and Tong Guowei16-20 years old.
Suppose she entered the palace for ten years, was born in the 12th year of Shunzhi-16th year, and was Tong Guowei 13- 17 years old;
Suppose she entered the palace in seven years, then she was born in Shunzhi from nine to thirteen years, and Tong Guowei 10- 14 years old;
Suppose she entered the palace in four years, then she was born in six years-ten years of Shunzhi, and Tong Guowei was 7- 1 1 year old.
Obviously, Xiaoyi entered the palace as early as the seventh year of Kangxi, when she was 13, 4 years old. If inferred from this, Xiaoyi was born in 12-13 years of Shunzhi, when Tong Guowei 13 was 4 years old. Her father is two years younger than her aunt, and she 1 is two years younger than her cousin. Therefore, the birth time is roughly between the 12th and 3rd year of Shunzhi and the 4th year of Kangxi, which is 1, 2-1/year younger than Kangxi.
There was no earlier draft, and all the former maids were born like this.
It is also very likely that Xiaoyi entered the palace for sixteen years, that is, he gave her a princess for sixteen years. After all, she was born there and her feelings are there. But all this is just speculation. Can't make a conclusion.
abstract
In short, it is extremely unlikely that Xiaoyi is cousin Kangxi, unless Tong Guowei breaks through the limits of human beings, he can get Xiaoyi's mother pregnant at the age of 1 1, and he can be promoted to father at the age of 12; Unless Tong Guowei can ignore the rules of the Qing court draft and let his underage daughter enter the palace as a princess, he is neither an important official who can help Kangxi to eliminate the record nor a small Zhuang family. Then why can he do it?