1, the emergence of digital cities
Since the report "Digital Earth: 21998+1October 3 1 Understanding Our Planet in the 20th Century" by American Vice President Ai, Gore, as a brand-new concept, "Digital Earth" has swept the world and attracted close attention from governments all over the world. Developed countries have successively carried out theoretical research and related technical practice. In June 1998+0, China's national leaders met with academicians of the two academies, and proposed to attach importance to the study of digital earth. China Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and many other experts and scholars have discussed the digital earth. Digital earth has become the commanding height of information technology development, which has attracted the attention of all human society.
Digital city is one of the main aspects of digital earth application and one of the most basic spatial levels of digital earth. As the concentration of population and economy, city is the birthplace of modern high-tech and information technology, and it is also the top priority of digital earth. September, 1998, Ai. Gore put forward the initiative of "building a digital comfortable community", that is, a digital city. Some countries have begun to experiment with intelligent buildings, "digital homes" and "digital communities". Singapore, Japan and other countries have started the demonstration and construction of "digital cities". A number of demonstration projects of intelligent living quarters (digital communities) have been built in the United States, and about 50 cities in the United States are planning to build "digital cities". Although the research on "Digital City" has just started in China, it has shown a strong development momentum. Shanghai has taken the lead in starting, and the construction of its urban backbone ATM network has begun. At the same time, IP telephone system, e-commerce ICP (Internet content service provider), electronic community and international telemedicine center have been established. Shenzhen, Zhuhai and other cities have initially built ATM backbone networks covering the whole city, and are developing in the depth direction of digital cities. It can be said that "digital city" is an important trend of urban development and construction in the future, and it is also the necessity of the development of information society.
2. Digital city helps to solve the problems existing in the city.
Digital city is produced with the development of information technology, computer technology and space technology, and a city full of digital characteristics is being formed around the familiar material city. This digital feature is infiltrating into urban planning, construction and management. Because the composition and operation mode of digital city are different from traditional cities, this brand-new urban structure can make up for the operation defects of existing cities and help solve existing urban problems.
2. 1 Contemporary urban problems
Scale economy and agglomeration economy are the core driving forces of contemporary urban development. Correspondingly, some cities are highly concentrated in space, population and material resources, economic components and scientific and technological elements, and transportation networks. Agglomeration is the inevitable requirement and result of industrial economy, which creates a prosperous urban economy and promotes human material possession, but it also brings serious "urban diseases".
High concentration affects the balance between urban population and environment, causing a series of urban problems: dense buildings, tight housing, crowded roads, traffic jams and chaotic urban environment; The sharp increase in material and energy consumption has caused a shortage of urban supply and energy resources; The noise is getting more and more serious, which makes people's heart beat faster, nervous and irritable: the discharge of "three wastes" is increasing day by day, domestic garbage is difficult to treat, and environmental pollution is serious; The green area is reduced, the natural purification rate of urban air is reduced, and the beautiful environment of the city is destroyed. Urban development urgently needs strong regulation of urban spatial layout, reasonable population density, effective resource allocation, adjustment of industrial structure and improvement of traffic conditions and environmental quality.
2.2 Digital City-Eliminating disadvantages and retaining advantages
On the one hand, contemporary urban problems are the product of agglomeration economy, on the other hand, they are caused by the lack of effective means to understand urban laws, predict urban future and supervise urban development. To solve urban problems, we can't simply apply the method of "treating the headache and treating the foot pain", but we must proceed from a systematic perspective.
"Digital city" is another leap in human understanding of material city and a description of the development direction of the city. Its essence is a unified digital understanding of the material city and its related economic and social characteristics, and it is to process, analyze and manage the whole city by digital means. In the digital city, people don't need to gather in the city center, but can enjoy the developed information through the network and realize online shopping. Through developed networks, digital cities can disperse various economic factors relatively, reduce congestion costs and improve urban efficiency. It can promote the coordination and smoothness of people flow, logistics, capital flow, information flow and traffic in the city. It is the development direction to solve the existing urban problems.
3. The application of digital city
Digital cities are also called information cities and smart cities. It represents the city and all kinds of information in a digital way, including not only all kinds of direct information related to the spatial position of the city (such as topography, landform, architecture, hydrology, resources, etc.). ), including population, economy, education, military and other related social data. Based on modern information technology, it forms an intelligent urban information system. "Digital city" has opened a new horizon for understanding the material city, and the completion of digital city will play a great role in urban planning, construction and management. Urban planners plan, build, manage and serve in a virtual urban environment with precise coordinates, time and object attributes, just like walking on real urban streets or observing and designing by helicopter. Digital city has realized the intelligentization of urban life, such as online shopping, distance education and online travel. At present, one of the rapidly developing applications is electronic commerce, that is, shopping, business transactions and other activities are realized through the network. At the same time, you can get all kinds of information from other cities, regions and even the whole world through the network. All logical applications of users (including government agencies, research institutes, enterprises and institutions, etc.). ) is presented through web browsers such as IE and Netscape. Users can complete query, analysis, cadastral management, urban planning and other services through the server.
The influence of "digital city" on urban planning, construction, management and service is various, especially in the following aspects:
(1) Innovation of urban planning means. At present, the current map of land use in urban planning in China is investigated by manual method, which has a large error. Urban planning scheme mainly depends on experience, and CAD only plays the role of drawing in the planning process. This way of working is inefficient and the quality of urban planning cannot be improved. "Digital City" can provide a brand-new means for our urban planning. "Digital city" can dynamically obtain a large number of urban image information through airborne sensors. After efficient digital processing, the location information, geometric information and attribute information of three-dimensional urban features can be extracted, which can be obtained by certain integration means.
Get the basic map of urban planning. The above-mentioned maps can be managed by GIS (Geographic Information System), which conveniently serves the formation, analysis and output process of the plan in the overall urban planning.
(2) Application in urban disaster prevention. Urban construction disasters occur from time to time, which not only affects the normal life of residents, but also causes economic losses. "Digital city" can be monitored and predicted quickly and accurately through 3S system. When sudden disasters and accidents occur, GPS (Global Positioning System) and rs (Remote Sensing System) can quickly detect the accident place and input relevant information into GIS system, and GIS system will display the geographical map of the accident place and its vicinity, such as drinking water sources, underground pipelines, buildings and so on. , and the obtained disaster information is simulated and analyzed in space, making early warning and forecasting, and formulating disaster reduction strategies.
(3) Modernization of urban management means. Effective urban management is an important means to promote the healthy development of cities. The main advantages of "digital city" in urban management include: obtaining and storing urban planning, construction and management information dynamically and quickly; Query and count urban management information quickly and accurately, which is convenient for users to obtain all kinds of information; Effectively carry out spatial analysis of urban information. "Digital City" is conducive to improving the scientificity of government decision-making, improving the efficiency and standardization of urban planning, construction and management, promoting the sustainable development of cities, and making government management and services move from qualitative to quantitative.
(4) Application in urban construction. In urban construction, accidents such as pipeline bursting, leakage and line interruption caused by unclear and inaccurate basic data such as geology and underground facilities can be eliminated, and accurate comprehensive information services can be provided for site selection optimization and project construction management of major projects or projects.
In the construction industry and real estate field, it can provide various professional and digital information management services for the production and operation management of enterprises, improve the production and operation level of such enterprises, improve the environmental quality of houses and communities, and make urban residents get more effective service guarantee in their production and life. In a word, the application of "digital city" in urban planning, construction, management and service industries can improve work efficiency and quality, and comprehensively solve the problems of urban planning, construction and management. It can bring huge benefits and is an important technical support for future urban development.
4. Suggestions on building a digital city in China.
Compared with developed countries, the urbanization level of China is relatively low, and its urban development is relatively backward. However, it should be noted that with the rapid economic development in China, the pace of urbanization is also accelerating. Over the past 20 years, the relevant departments of the state have accumulated a lot of relevant information and technical foundation for the establishment of a "digital city". The following problems should be paid attention to in the future digital city construction:
(1) Choose a small city with good development conditions and small scale to carry out the preliminary practice of "digital city". Guangdong Province, Hainan Province and other places have gradually started the infrastructure construction of digital cities, which will have important reference value for the demonstration of digital cities in various parts of China.
(2) Increase the construction of urban spatial data infrastructure in China. The development and formation of digital city mainly depends on the construction of national information infrastructure. To realize the enjoyment of urban information, it is necessary to establish urban spatial data network system, urban spatial database and urban spatial data exchange metropolitan area network to ensure the security and stability of the network.
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