First, establish the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education
At present, China's higher education is mainly professional education, and the implementation of professional education is based on the training plan of professional talents, which is mainly supported by different curriculum systems. Therefore, to effectively integrate innovation and entrepreneurship education into the whole process of talent training, it is not simply a matter of adding several innovation and entrepreneurship courses to the talent training program, but to integrate the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education into all aspects of the existing talent training program and various curriculum systems. On the basis of professional education, we should change educational ideas, update educational concepts, and deepen the reform of personnel training mode and education and teaching, which will not only cultivate students' professional knowledge and skills, but also focus on improving students' sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability, and continuously improve the quality of personnel training.
The curriculum system in the professional training mode is mainly composed of public basic courses (basic knowledge of natural science and social science) and professional courses (professional basic courses, professional core courses and professional elective courses). ), public elective courses (comprehensive knowledge and quality) and various internship training, curriculum design, graduation design, etc. Among them, professional courses focus on the education of professional knowledge, professional ability and professional accomplishment, public basic courses and public elective courses are the carriers of students' comprehensive quality education, and various training, curriculum design and graduation design courses are training platforms for integrating theory with practice and applying what they have learned. It is not difficult to see that professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education are never two different things, because the cultivation of professional knowledge and ability, the cultivation of comprehensive quality and social practice training are all indispensable in innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, professional education is the foundation of innovation and entrepreneurship education, the cultivation of professional talents is the cradle of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and professional education itself is a part of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
However, for a long time, due to the lack of innovative and entrepreneurial education concept among some college teachers, the teaching concept has remained at the cognitive level of teaching for teaching's sake and imparting knowledge for imparting knowledge. The teaching content can't keep up with the pace of the times, and the teaching methods are old and single, which makes it difficult to stimulate students' interest in learning, let alone cultivate innovative thinking and awaken entrepreneurial consciousness. What's more, from entry to retirement, a teaching plan and a lecture note can run through the whole career. How can such educators cultivate educated people with innovative and entrepreneurial spirit? Therefore, the whole process of integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into talent training should start with teachers. Only all teachers establish the educational concept of innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carry out the reform of professional education and teaching, actively explore and tap the internal elements of innovation and entrepreneurship in the training scheme of professional talents, stimulate students' interest in learning through words and deeds, stimulate students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, cultivate students' innovative thinking, and enable students to learn with the awareness of finding and solving problems, so as to master their own career or entrepreneurial career. Only when all teachers integrate the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education into the interlocking curriculum system of various professional education that runs through students' college study career can innovation and entrepreneurship education run through the whole process of talent training.
Second, deepen the reform of teaching content and teaching methods.
The reform and innovation of teaching content and teaching methods should be the foothold to tap the inherent innovation and entrepreneurial elements of professional talent training programs. In the training scheme of professional talents, any course has its specific function and purpose, that is, to cultivate students' ability to find and solve problems and prepare for their future career or entrepreneurial choice. However, due to some teachers' unclear teaching ideas, unclear teaching objectives, scripted teaching contents and single and outdated teaching methods, students are not enthusiastic about learning, and they don't know what they have learned and what problems they can solve. Nature is tired of learning, passive learning, and studying for exams. The learning effect can be imagined, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of curriculum standards.
The origin and development of any discipline and specialty are inseparable from discovery and innovation. Therefore, the development and reform of the discipline itself and the creation, perfection and development of the specialty are all good innovative cases. If teachers organize the teaching content, they can not only impart knowledge itself, but also explain the development of the discipline from the perspective of the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education, actively explore the elements of innovation and entrepreneurship education from the courses they teach, and point out the role of knowledge in occupation, entrepreneurship and innovation by explaining the uses of knowledge given by entrepreneurial projects, entrepreneurial competitions, entrepreneurial tasks and innovations. At the same time, they will introduce the cutting-edge and latest development trends of the discipline into the teaching process and closely combine teaching with scientific research.
In addition to integrating the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education into the teaching content, we should try to reform innovative teaching methods and put the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education into teaching practice. The current teaching mode often pays attention to imparting knowledge, ignoring the cultivation of students' quality and method ability. The cultivation of innovative consciousness, entrepreneurial spirit and the promotion of social responsibility can not rely on simple preaching, but more on personal experience and personal experience, so that students can understand. Therefore, while imparting knowledge, teachers should pay attention to the use of various interactive teaching methods in which students participate. For example, group discussion, case analysis, brainstorming, scenario simulation, preset questions and other methods can be used for interactive teaching, so that students can experience the fun of innovation while learning knowledge and skills. You can also actively explore project-based educational ideas and methods. Through the project teaching method, students' comprehensive abilities such as planning, execution, decision-making and summary, as well as their ability to find and solve problems can be cultivated. At the same time, it can cultivate students' team spirit and communication ability. In addition, modern information technology can be applied, such as QQ chat tools, Weibo, WeChat, e-mail, forums and so on. , provide extracurricular consulting services and answer questions, improve the timeliness of teachers' guidance to students and facilitate communication, thus protecting and encouraging students' enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneurship [1]. Therefore, taking innovation and entrepreneurship education as an opportunity to reform teaching content and teaching methods is an effective breakthrough to deepen the teaching reform of professional education. Third, the construction of the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Because the professional training plan focuses on cultivating research-oriented or applied talents in a certain professional field, it pays more attention to the cultivation of professional knowledge and skills in the construction of curriculum system. Even after integrating the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education, it only strengthens the guidance and inspiration in the aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship consciousness, spirit and methods, and gives more contact and integration in the combination of professional knowledge and skills with innovation and entrepreneurship, but lacks systematicness and comprehensiveness in the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship quality, knowledge and ability. Therefore, carrying out systematic course teaching of entrepreneurial knowledge, quality and ability, developing the curriculum system of innovative entrepreneurship education and integrating the concept of innovative entrepreneurship education into the curriculum system of professional education are two wheels of implementing innovative entrepreneurship education, which are indispensable. The curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship specialty should not only have general courses suitable for various categories, but also have industry-specific courses closely integrated with the specialty.
At present, the general courses and representative courses of general innovation and entrepreneurship theory offered in China universities include: entrepreneurship foundation, entrepreneurship management, strategic management of new ventures, creativity, KAB entrepreneurship foundation, SYB entrepreneurship training, enterprise management, human resources, marketing, financial management and so on. However, the courses with professional characteristics that are closely combined with majors are still in difficult exploration, and a few schools have made useful attempts in combination with majors. For example, Hunan Mass Media Vocational and Technical College has developed courses such as publication market investigation and analysis, publication marketing, publication topic planning, and publication project planning. [2] In order to cultivate entrepreneurial talents in the field of digital publishing and improve students' sense of social responsibility and news publishing literacy. Due to the late start of innovation and entrepreneurship education in China, there is still a lack of unified curriculum standards for innovation and entrepreneurship courses, and the implementation of teaching content is also very different. Therefore, establishing a special curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education as soon as possible is the fundamental guarantee for popularizing innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. Although innovation and entrepreneurship education in western countries started earlier, there are many places worth learning and learning from, but innovation and entrepreneurship education should be localized. Therefore, we need to constantly explore, summarize and innovate in practice, and finally create an innovative and entrepreneurial education model that conforms to China's national conditions and has school characteristics.
In the specialized innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system, courses with industry characteristics can be used as compulsory courses for related majors, and general courses can be selectively offered as compulsory courses or public courses in combination with majors. Curriculum and professional education must complement each other and be organically combined. For example, for students majoring in marketing, "marketing" is the main core course of this major, so it is not necessary to offer the course of "marketing" when offering special courses of innovation and entrepreneurship education, whether it is a compulsory course or an elective course. For example, students majoring in civil engineering have mastered relevant professional knowledge and skills through professional education, but they may be relatively lacking in management ability, team management and interpersonal communication. These knowledge and abilities are not only needed for innovation and entrepreneurship, but also for employment. Therefore, in the specialized innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system, we can choose those innovation and entrepreneurship courses with high correlation with majors and employment as compulsory courses, such as construction enterprise management. The purpose of constructing a special innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system, whether as a compulsory course or an elective course, is to provide an all-round innovation and entrepreneurship education platform, which not only meets the requirements of innovation and entrepreneurship education for all students, but also realizes the comprehensive and systematic supply of innovation and entrepreneurship education for those students who have a strong desire for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Fourth, bring the second class into the credit evaluation system.
The practical links in the professional training program, from entrance education and military training to course design, course practice, site visit, practice, graduation design and graduation practice, basically run through the whole process of talent training. These internship arrangements, under the scientific and perfect top-level design framework of innovation and entrepreneurship education, can effectively promote the cultivation of students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship and the improvement of their quality and ability.
In addition to the practical teaching link in the talent training program, setting up the second classroom of innovation and entrepreneurship practice is another important starting point for innovation and entrepreneurship education to take root. Innovation and entrepreneurship practice is an important extension of innovation and entrepreneurship education and an important way to enrich innovation knowledge and experience. In order to make this gripper a booster of innovation and entrepreneurship education, innovation and entrepreneurship practice must be incorporated into the credit evaluation system, so as to strengthen the establishment of students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, objectively create an atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship, provide a good growth soil for students' interests and specialties, stimulate students' innovative spirit and entrepreneurial enthusiasm from outside to inside, and tap innovative and entrepreneurial talents. The setting of credits can be determined according to the specific situation of the school, but in line with the principle of integrating into the whole process of talent training, it is best to set up one credit per semester, so that innovation and entrepreneurship education can run through the whole process of students' study at school, rather than disappearing for a short time.
Credit for innovation and entrepreneurship practice can be obtained by participating in practical activities in the second classroom. At present, the second classroom activities of innovation and entrepreneurship education are very rich, including all kinds of innovation and entrepreneurship competitions at all levels, such as the "Challenge Cup" college students' entrepreneurship competition sponsored by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the "Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship" challenge of national college students' e-commerce sponsored by the Ministry of Education, and the "Invention Cup" innovation and entrepreneurship competition of national higher vocational colleges sponsored by China Invention Association and other units. There are also various lectures and forums on innovation and entrepreneurship; Various subject competitions. In addition, participating in teachers' scientific research activities, applying for innovative invention patents, participating in college students' innovative practice training programs, publishing papers, starting their own businesses, obtaining professional qualifications and other social practice activities all belong to the category of innovative entrepreneurship practice. These activities cover the application of professional knowledge, the promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship awareness, and the cultivation of comprehensive qualities such as social ability, professional ability and learning ability. Therefore, bringing the second classroom into the credit evaluation system is not only a perfection and supplement to the practical links in the talent training program, but also an effective way to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere on campus and discover innovative and entrepreneurial talents. Incorporating the second classroom practice into the credit evaluation system, the focus of the evaluation is to arouse students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, cultivate students' entrepreneurial spirit, train students' creative thinking, improve students' sense of social responsibility, and cultivate students' comprehensive quality and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship, rather than whether the results are successful.
In short, integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into the whole process of talent training requires all teachers to establish the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education, carry out scientific, complete and systematic top-level design, fully tap, highlight and apply the internal elements of innovation and entrepreneurship education on the basis of professional education, and deepen the reform and innovation of teaching content and teaching means.