The safety work of construction projects is related to the safety of life and property of construction workers and the stable development of construction enterprises, and is the basic guarantee for doing a good job in a series of work such as construction and production of engineering projects. The construction industry is one of the accident-prone industries. The number of construction deaths in China is second only to that in mining. However, the casualties caused by construction have been high, and the construction safety situation is extremely grim. Therefore, construction safety should not be taken lightly. The problem of construction safety has attracted attention, but there is no good solution. At present, safety management is superficial, treating the symptoms rather than the root cause. Based on the analysis of the present situation and countermeasures, this paper discusses the new mode of safety management of engineering projects.
1 Status of Project Safety Management
1. 1 Brief introduction of safety management.
At present, the project safety management of most construction enterprises is realized by equipping full-time safety management personnel. Safety management personnel and construction management personnel belong to different posts, and the essential relationship between them is considered to be separated. Factors directly related to safety, such as construction schedule arrangement, staggered working procedures, personnel deployment, and state management of materials (equipment), are artificially separated due to the different positions of safety and construction management, and the assessment of construction management personnel is less or even not linked to safety indicators and safety responsibilities. Because the management status of safety management personnel is equal to or lower than other personnel, safety management instructions are not smooth and safety management measures are not implemented in time. Safety management resources are seriously wasted and not effectively utilized. Such as project chief engineer, professional engineer or builder, equipment manager, etc. , they all have the knowledge and ability of safety management, but also have the responsibility and obligation of safety management. However, under the current project safety management mode, these safety management resources have not been effectively integrated and fully utilized. Therefore, the current project safety management mode needs to be improved and perfected.
1.2 safety accident cause analysis
According to the viewpoint of safety system theory, the causes of safety accidents can be summarized as three points:
1.2. 1 people's unsafe behavior and people's insecurity in safety accidents
The whole labor process depends on people's muscle movement and people's feeling, perception, thinking and consciousness, which is finally manifested as people's external behavior process. People's unsafe behaviors may lead to accidents due to physical defects, wrong behaviors and violations of discipline and rules and regulations. Statistics show that about 90% of accidents are caused by people's unsafe behaviors. Therefore, people's unsafe behavior must be regarded as a key factor in safety management, and the influence of unsafe factors must be eliminated according to people's physiological and psychological characteristics when taking countermeasures.
1.2.2 unsafe state of objects and unsafe objects in safety accidents
Including defects in equipment and devices, defects in workplaces, hazards to materials and environment, etc. When people's physical and psychological state can't adapt to the material and environmental conditions, or the material and environmental conditions can't meet the physical and psychological needs of workers, it may lead to safety accidents;
1.2.3 unscientific management methods
In addition, unscientific management methods can not only reduce the occurrence of construction safety accidents, but also become a trigger factor, sometimes even a direct factor. Because there are loopholes in safety management itself, management will have an effect and influence on people, things and the environment. Since the purpose of safety management is to ensure a good construction environment and the safety state of people and things, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable safety management model and achieve the goal through the normal operation of the safety management model.
1.3 routine construction safety management methods
Safety management is a management activity to realize the safety production of construction projects. The focus of safety management on the construction site is to control the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things, and to implement safety management decisions and objectives. The purpose of management is to eliminate all accidents, avoid accident injuries and reduce accident losses. Control is the restriction and restriction on specific factors. It is an important part of management scope. Safety management measures are conventional methods and means of safety management, and the key point is to restrict and control the state of various factors in production.
1.3. 1 Implement safety responsibility management.
Construction projects should be responsible for safety management and production safety. Including the establishment and improvement of safety production leading organizations headed by project managers, and organizing and leading safety management activities. Responsible for organizing and leading safety production. Establish the responsibility system for safety production of personnel at all levels, and clarify the safety responsibilities of personnel at all levels. All management and operation personnel are required to sign a safety agreement with the construction project. Pay attention to the implementation of systems and responsibilities, regularly check the implementation of safety responsibilities, and hand them in in in time. And adhere to the construction project to verify and recognize the status of materials in construction production, and assume the management responsibility of missing and out of control materials.
1.3.2 safety education and training
Carrying out safety education and training can enhance people's awareness of safety in production, improve people's knowledge of safety in production, effectively prevent people's unsafe behaviors and reduce people's mistakes. Safety education and training are important methods and means to control people's behavior. Therefore, safety education and training should be timely, pleasant, reasonable in content, diverse in ways and systematic. Organize safety education and training to be serious, strict, rigorous, rigorous and pragmatic.
1.3.3 safety inspection
Safety inspection is an important means to discover unsafe behaviors and unsafe states. It is an important method to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, implement rectification measures, prevent accidents and improve working conditions. The forms of safety inspection include general inspection, professional inspection and seasonal inspection.
1.3.4 Operation standardization
In the unsafe behavior of operators, the reasons such as not knowing the correct operation method, omitting necessary operation steps in order to work faster, and insisting on their own operation habits account for a large proportion. Standardizing people's behavior according to scientific work standards is conducive to controlling people's unsafe behavior and reducing people's mistakes.
1.3.5 unification of production technology and safety technology
Production technology work is to ensure the smooth progress of production by perfecting production technology, improving production equipment, standardizing process operation and giving full play to the role of technology. It contains all the functions and functions of safety technology in ensuring the smooth progress of production. Although the implementation objectives of the two have their own emphases, the purpose of work is completely unified on the same basic point of ensuring smooth production and realizing benefits. The unity of production technology and safety technology embodies the implementation of the responsibility system for production safety and the management principle of "production and safety simultaneously".
2 problems in safety management
There are many unsafe factors in building construction, and accidents may occur if you are not careful. In recent years, the statistics of accidents and heavy casualties in the construction industry in China show that the construction safety situation is still very serious. At present, the effect of safety management in China is very small, and there are many problems to be solved, which can be subdivided into two aspects: safety management and safety technology.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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