Full text translation
Su Wuzi was self-conscious. When he was young, his brothers became the attendants of the emperor because his father was appointed. Su Wu was gradually promoted to be the official in charge of stables in the gardens of Han Palace. At that time, the Han court continued to crusade against the Huns and sent envoys to spy on each other many times. Xiongnu detained more than ten groups of Han envoys and Lu. Xiongnu envoys came, and Han Ting also detained people to mortgage.
In the first year of Tianhan, Zhong Gang became Khan, fearing being attacked by Han, and said, "Han Di is my elder." These cultural relics were returned to Lu, the messenger of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised him for his reasonableness, so he sent Su Wu as a corps commander to escort the Xiongnu emissary detained by the Han Dynasty back to China, and gave him a generous gift to thank him for his kindness. Su Wu and deputy corps commander John Zhang, temporary special envoy Chang Hui, and 100 infantry and reconnaissance personnel. When I arrived in Xiongnu, I prepared some gifts for Khan. Khan's growing arrogance was not expected by Han.
Just as the Huns were preparing to send messengers to send Su Wu and others back to the Han Dynasty, it happened that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and Yuchang, the water Han with a long history, conspired among the Huns. Gou Jian, the son of Zhou Wang Zhou Wang's sister, went to the Han Dynasty with Zhou Wang, then followed Zhuo Yehou into the Xiongnu and those who were forced to surrender to the Xiongnu led by Wei Law Firm, and secretly * * * returned to the Han Dynasty with Khan's mother who planned to kidnap him. Just met Su Wu and others to the Huns. When Yu Chang was in the Han Dynasty, he kept in contact with Zhang Shengyou, the deputy envoy, and visited him privately, saying, "I heard that Emperor Gaozu hated Wei Law very much, so I could always ambush the crossbow for the Han Dynasty and shoot him. My mother and brother are both in Han, hoping to get a reward from the emperor. " John Zhang promised him and gave the property to Yuchang.
After more than a month, Khan went out hunting, and only E Shi and Khan's children were at home. More than seventy people, including Yu Chang, started an uprising, and one of them fled at night and reported the incident. Khan's children sent troops to fight against him, and King Gou Jian died. I am often captured alive. Khan sent Wei Law to hear the case. John Zhang heard the news and worried that what he and Yu Chang said privately would be exposed, so he told Su Wu what had happened. Su Wu said, "If things come to this, we will definitely be dragged into trouble. If you are humiliated, you will die, and you are even more sorry for the country! " So I want to kill myself. John Zhang and Chang Hui stopped him together. For John Zhang, danger always exists. Khan was furious and called many nobles to discuss and wanted to kill the Han ambassador. Zuo Yizhi said: "If it is murder, what more severe criminal law should be used?" They should all be told to surrender. "Khan sent Wei Lv called Su Wu to stand trial. Su Wu said to Chang Hui: "If you lose your integrity and disgrace your mission, even if you are alive, how can you have the face to go back to your hometown!" With that, he pulled out his knife and committed suicide. Willep was surprised. He personally hugged Su Wu and sent someone to ride a fast horse to find a doctor. The doctor dug a hole in the ground, lit a small fire in the hole, then put Su Wu face down on the hole and patted his back to let the blood flow out. Su Wu was dead, so it took him a long time to recover. Chang Hui and others cried and carried Su Wu back to the camp with the car. Khan thinks Su Wu's integrity is admirable. He sent someone to visit and greet Su Wu in the morning and evening, and John Zhang was arrested and imprisoned.
Su Wu's injury is improving. Khan sent messengers to inform Su Wu that they came to the trial hall together, hoping to take this opportunity to make Su Wu surrender. After the sword was cut in Chang, Wei Lu said, "Han Ling murdered a minister who was closely related to Khan and sentenced him to death. Forgive those who surrender. " John Zhang raised his sword to kill, and John Zhang demanded surrender. Wei Lu said to Su Wu, "The deputy envoy is guilty and should sit with you." Su Wu said, "I didn't participate in the planning, and I'm not his relative. How can we talk about sitting together? " Lv Wei once again raised his sword at Su Wu, and Su Wu remained motionless. Wei Lv said, "Su Jun, I turned my back on the Han Dynasty and surrendered to the Huns. Fortunately, I am very grateful to Shan Yu and was awarded the title of knight, which made me king. Running all over the mountain with tens of thousands of slaves, horses and other livestock, how rich! Soviets, you surrender today and tomorrow. Fertilize the grass with your body for nothing, and who knows you! " Su Wu didn't respond. Wei Lu said, "You lend me to surrender, and I will become brothers with you; If you don't listen to my arrangement today, will you have a chance to see me later? "
Su Wu lambasted Wei Law, saying, "You are a slave of others, betraying the emperor regardless of benevolence and righteousness, abandoning your relatives, and being a surrendered slave in a foreign country. Why should I see you? Besides, Khan trusted you to decide other people's lives, but you were unfair and didn't uphold justice. Instead, you want to make Emperor Xian of Han and Xiongnu stand against each other and watch the disasters and losses of the two countries! The king of South Vietnam killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty, and as a result, nine counties were pacified. Kill the ambassador and hang his head at the north gate. The king of South Korea killed the messenger of the Han Dynasty and was immediately reconciled. Only the Huns escaped. You know perfectly well that I will never surrender and try to make Han and Xiongnu attack each other. The disaster of the Huns must start with killing me Su Wu! " Wei Law knew that Su Wu could not intimidate and surrender after all, so he reported Khan. The more Khan wanted him to surrender, he imprisoned Su Wu, locked him in a crypt, cut off supplies, and refused to give him food or drink. When it snowed, Su Wu lay chewing the snow and swallowed it with felt wool to satisfy his hunger. He would not die for several days. The Huns thought that God was helping him, so they moved Su Wu to a deserted place near Beihai, and let him graze the ram, and the ram could not come back until he gave birth to a lamb. Separate the entourage, officials, Chang Hui and others and place them in other places.
After Su Wu moved to Beihai, the government refused to distribute food, so he dug wild rats and gathered grass to eat. The shepherd on the Ruo Festival in the Han Dynasty held it when he slept and got up, so that all the yak tail hairs tied to the festival could be taken off. Five or six years later, Khan's younger brother Wang Yu went hunting in Beihai. Su Wu is good at weaving nets and silk ropes tied to the tail of arrows and correcting crossbows. Yu Wang values him very much and provides him with clothes and food. More than three years later, Yu Wang fell ill and gave Su Wu horses and livestock, clay pots for wine and cheese, and dome felt tents. After the king died, all his men moved away. This winter, the Dingling tribe stole Su Wu's cattle and sheep, and Su Wu fell into poverty again.
At first, Su Wu and Li Ling served as attendants. In the second year of Su Wu's mission to Xiongnu, Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu and was afraid to see Su Wu. After a long time, Khan sent Li Ling to Beihai to arrange banquets and songs and dances for Su Wu. Li Ling took the opportunity to say to Su Wu, "Khan heard that I have always had a deep friendship with you, so he sent me to advise you to be honest with you. After all, you can't go back to this dynasty and suffer in a deserted place for nothing. How can we show our trust in Han Ting? In those days, your eldest brother Su Jia served as a conductor in a car, followed the emperor to Yong Yang Palace, helped the emperor's car down the steps, hit a pillar, broke the axle, was convicted of blasphemy, drew his sword and committed suicide, but gave him 2 million yuan for burial. Your brother Ruqing followed the emperor to worship the land god of Hedong, and the eunuch riding a horse competed with the officials in charge of horses and chariots in the palace. The official in charge of horses and chariots was pushed into the river and drowned. The eunuch on horseback escaped. The emperor ordered Ruqing to kill him, but he couldn't catch him. He committed suicide for fear of taking poison. When I left Chang 'an, your mother had died and I was sent to Yangling. Your wife is still young. I heard that she has remarried, and there are only two sisters, two daughters and a boy at home. Now more than ten years have passed, and life and death are unknown. Life is like morning dew, why torture yourself for a long time! When I first surrendered, I was in a trance and almost went crazy. I feel sorry for Han Ting. My mother was detained in Baogong. How could you be more reluctant to surrender than I was then? Moreover, the emperor is old, laws change at any time, ministers are innocent, dozens of families have been killed, and the safety is unpredictable. Who else are you going to keep this festival for? I hope you will take my advice and stop talking! "
Su Wu said, "My father and son, Su Wu, have no merit or kindness. They were all trained and promoted by the emperor. Their official position was promoted to the rank of general, and their title was Tonghou. The three brothers are all close ministers of the emperor, and they are often willing to sacrifice everything for the court. Now I have the opportunity to sacrifice myself to serve my country, even if I am executed by an axe and soup, I am willing. A minister who serves the king is like a son who serves his father, and a son dies for his father. There is nothing to regret. I wish you would stop talking! "
After drinking with Su Wu for a few days, Li Ling said, "You must listen to me." Su Wu said, "I knew I was dead! If you must force me to surrender, please end today's joy and let me die in front of you! " Seeing that Su Wu was so sincere to the imperial court, Li Ling sighed, "Ah, the righteous! I, Li Ling and Wei Law, have committed heinous crimes! " Then, with tears streaming down her face, she soaked her skirt and said goodbye to Su Wu. Li Ling was embarrassed to give Su Wu a gift in person and asked his wife to give dozens of cattle and sheep to Su Wu.
Later, Li Ling went to Beihai and said to Su Wu, "A prisoner in Yunzhong County was caught on the border, saying that all the officials and people below the prefect were in mourning and that the emperor was dead." Su Wu heard the news, facing south, tears streaming down her face, vomiting blood, crying for months every morning and evening.
Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty ascended the throne, and a few years later, Xiongnu and Han reached a peace agreement. Hanting looked for Su Wu and others, and Xiongnu lied that Su Wu was dead. Later, the Han envoy went to Xiongnu again, and Chang Hui asked the guards to accompany him. At night, he met an envoy of the Han nationality and truthfully told the story of his stay in Xiongnu for several years. Ask the ambassador to tell him, "The son of heaven shot geese in the forest garden and said that Su Wu and others were in Beihai." Ambassador Han was very happy and blamed Khan in the way Chang Hui taught him. Khan looked at the people around him and was very surprised. He apologized to Ambassador China and said, "Su Wu and others are really alive." So Li Ling arranged a banquet to congratulate Su Wu, saying, "Today, you have returned to China, made a name for yourself among the Huns, and made great achievements in the royal neutrality of the Han Dynasty. Even if the deeds recorded in ancient history books and the characters painted in pictures, how can they surpass you! Although I am incompetent and timid in Liling, if Han Ting forgives my sins and doesn't kill my mother, I can realize my long-cherished wish under great shame, which may be similar to Cao Mo's engagement in Yike, and I will never forget it! Arresting and killing my family has become a great shame in the world. What should I care about? Forget it, just let you know my heart! I have become a foreigner, and this farewell will be isolated forever! " Li Ling danced and sang, "I crossed Wan Li, crossed the desert, led troops for the king and fought against the Huns. The road was cut off, the sword and arrow were destroyed, and all the soldiers were killed. My reputation has been ruined. My mother died, although I want to repay her! " Li Ling's tears flowed for several lines, so he said goodbye to Su Wu. Khan told Su Wu's men, in addition to those who had surrendered and died before, nine others had been following Su Wu back.
In the spring of Zhao Han's sixth year, Su Wu returned to Chang 'an. Emperor Zhao ordered Su Wu to visit the mausoleum and temple of Emperor Wu with sacrifices. Appointed Su Wu as a vassal country with a salary of 2,000 stone; Give two million, two hectares of official land, and a residence. Chang Hui, Xu Sheng and Zhao Zhonggen were all the emperor's guards, and each of them gave two hundred silks. The other six, who are old, go home and give each of them money, free from corvee for life. Chang Hui later became a right general and was named a Liehou. He has a biography himself. Su Wu was imprisoned in Xiongnu for 19 years, and his beard and hair were all white when he came back.
In the second year of Su Wu's return to Han Dynasty, Shangguan Jie and Zi 'an rebelled with Prince Sang Hongyang and Gaizhu, and Su Yuan, the son of Su Wu, was executed for participating in Shangguan's conspiracy. At first, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an and General Huo Guang fought for power and profit. Shangguan Jie and his son wrote down Huo Guang's fault many times and gave it to the prince, who told him to report Huo Guang to the emperor. It is also said that Su Wu went to the Huns for twenty years and did not surrender. After he returned to the Han Dynasty, he became a typical country. And the general's long history didn't make any contribution, but he was promoted to search for a surname, and Huo Guang was autocratic. When the prince and others rebelled and were killed, they tracked down their associates. Su Wu, Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang have always been old friends. The prince wrote several times because of his martial arts, and his son took part in the rebellion. The prison official wrote a letter demanding the arrest of Su Wu. Huo Guang put the throne of the supervisor on hold, and only removed Su Wu from his post.
A few years later, Emperor Zhao died. Su Wu, as a former 2000 stone official, participated in the plan to establish Xuan Di, and awarded him a knighthood and 300 restaurants. After a long time, Zhang Anshi, the general of Wei, recommended Su Wu Tongda to read allusions, and his mission was worthy of your life. Emperor Zhao's last words talked about these two advantages of Su Wu. Emperor Xuandi called Su Wu to the yamen for an edict. After many visits, I became a country in Youcao. Because Su Wu is an old minister with remarkable moral integrity, he only enters the DPRK on the first and fifteenth day of each month, and is regarded as a highly respected "wine sacrifice", which is very good for him. Su Wu gave all the rewards he got to his younger brother Su Xian and his former neighbors, leaving no property at home. The Queen's father Ping En Hou, Xuan Di's uncles Pingchang Hou and Lechang Hou, General Han Zeng, Prime Minister Wei Xiang and ancient adviser Bing Ji all respected Su Wu.
Su Wu was old, and his son had been executed before, so the emperor took pity on him. Ask people around: "Su Wu has been in Xiongnu for a long time. Does he have a son? " Su Wu stated to Emperor Xuandi through Ping En Hou: "In the past, when Xiongnu was sent, the married Xiongnu woman had just given birth to a son named Guo Tong. It is said that she wants to redeem the boy by sending gold, silver and silk through the Han messenger. " The emperor agreed. Later, Guo Tong returned to the Han Dynasty with the envoy of the Han Dynasty, and the emperor made him a Langguan. And let Su Wu's younger brother's son be the right Cao. Su Wu lived to be in his eighties, and Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di died two years later.
In the third year of Xuan Di Ganlu, Khan began to worship Emperor Han Xian. Xuan Di missed the virtue of the ministers who assisted him, so he painted them on the Kirin Pavilion, indicating their official positions, titles and names. Only Huo Guang did not indicate his name to show his respect, calling him Fu General Hou Huo, followed by Wei General Zhang Anshi, Chariot General Hou Hanzeng, Gao Ping, Bo Yang, Hou Bingji and Prime Minister Jianping. These people are known to the world for their outstanding achievements and noble moral character. Therefore, it is clear that they are ministers assisted by Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, and can be compared with the famous ministers who assisted Zhou Xuanwang Zhongxing in magic, magic and clock. * * * Eleven people, each with a biography of Hanshu. From the Prime Minister, Ding Guoting, yi zhu, Jing, You Fufeng to Xiahou Sheng. , can be very famous from beginning to end, but they can't be listed in the map of famous officials when they are famous in Xuan Di, which shows the selection criteria of assistant ministers.
original text
The martial arts are noble, the father is few, and the brother is lang. Slightly moved to the stable prison. In the Han Dynasty, even when Hu was beheaded, how many envoys got a glimpse. Huns and Lu went to the Han Dynasty for more than ten generations. The Huns gave it to me, and the Han people kept it. In the first year of Tian Han, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tang Gong was afraid that the Han Dynasty would attack him and said, "I am the son of the Han Dynasty." They were all returned to Ambassador Han Lu and others. Emperor Wu Jia's righteous act was to send troops to the corps commander to observe the festival and leave the Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty. Because of his generosity, he repaid his kindness. Wu and his deputy corps commander, as well as the pseudo-official Chang Hui, etc., raised more than 100 scouts, who not only arrived in Xiongnu, but also left coins in Khan; Khan is arrogant, but he does not expect it.
If Fang wants to send troops, he will kill Wang and Chang Shuiyu to rebel against Xiongnu. Zhou Wang's sister-in-law, Gou Jian, surrendered to Han with Zhou Wang and later with her mother. While waiting for the Huns, Yu often knew his deputy in the Han Dynasty. When he was victorious, he said, "I heard that the emperor of the Han Dynasty was very disgusted with protecting the law and was often shot by the Han Dynasty. My mother and brother were in the Han Dynasty. Fortunately, they were rewarded by him. " John Zhang agreed, and often brought goods.
After more than a month, Khan went hunting, and the children in E Shi were alone. Danger often waits for more than 70 people to send it, and one died at night, let us know. Khan's children sent troops to fight, Wang and others died, and Yu Chang was born. Khan let Lv Wei rule his affairs, but John Zhang heard about it and attacked him with adverbial for fear that he would speak first. Wuyue said, "If so, it will definitely affect me. If you die when you see sin, you will be tired of the country. " If you want to commit suicide, you will win and benefit. Take the lead. Khan was furious and summoned the nobles to discuss and wanted to kill the Han messenger. Zuo Yi said, "Even if you are looking for a simple solution, why add it?" It is appropriate to put it down. "
Khan asked Wu to resign. Wu said to Hui and others, "If you are born, how can you return to Han?" Draw your sword and stab yourself. Wei Lu got a fright, grabbed his arm and called the doctor. Dig the ground as a barrier, set a fire, cover it, and jump on its back to bleed. I'm exhausted. I want to rest for half a day. When you cry, you go back to the camp. Khan was powerful in his festivals. He sent people to wait for martial arts day and night. He took over John Zhang.
Those who are good at making friends with Wu know how to deal with danger and want to surrender to Wu at this time. Invulnerability, the law said, "Han Shi killed Khan, so he should be punished. Khan forgives the sins of the surrenders. " Raise your sword and attack it. If you win, please surrender. The law said that Wu said, "The lieutenant is guilty and should sit together." Wuyue said, "I have no plans, and I am not a relative. What is sitting together? " Raise your sword and draw it, but you can't move. Lu said, "Su Jun, before Lu, Han was defeated by Xiongnu. Because of his great kindness, he was made king, with tens of thousands of people, horses and animals, and mountains. So rich! The Soviet army fell today and will return tomorrow. Empty frost meadow, who knows! " Wu should not. The law says, "You are brothers because of me; If you don't listen to me today, what do you want to see me again? " Wu scolded the law and said, "You are a courtier, and you betrayed your relatives in order to surrender to foreigners, regardless of your kindness. Why do you think so? " And Khan believes in you, making people live and die; If it's unfair, confront two masters and watch the disaster fail! South Vietnam killed the Han ambassador and slaughtered nine counties. Killed the ambassador of Han Dynasty, and was absent from Tou County in the north. North Korea killed the ambassador of Korea, and immediately went out. Huns alone don't smell it. If you know I won't surrender, you want the two countries to attack each other. The disaster of Xiongnu began with me. "
The law knows that the army can't threaten in the end, and it's for nothing. Khan is getting stronger and stronger. It's a secluded place in a big cellar. It never eats or drinks. It is raining and snowing. Wu Lie gnawed at the snow and swallowed his hair together. He died for several days. Xiongnu thought god. There is no place to move to Beihai, so that the shepherd and milk can come back. Don't be an official, Chang Hui, etc. Since Wu went into the sea and couldn't eat any more, he dug wild rats to eat grass. Zhang Han Festival Shepherd, lie down and exercise, the festival is coming. After five or six years, Khan was shot by his younger brother Wang Yi at sea. Wuneng Turn the crossbow, give it to Wang Aizhi, give him food and clothes. When he was more than three years old, Wang fell ill and gave him horses, livestock and clothes. After the king died, many people moved. Ding Ling steals cattle and sheep in winter, and Five Blessingg is poor.
At first, Wu and Li Ling were servants. The Huns will be forced by force, and they will fall next year, and they dare not ask for force. For a long time, Khan gave the mausoleum to the sea to provide music for Wu's wine. Because of Wu Shuo, "Khan Wen Ling and are simple and honest, so Ling is the first step to treat each other with humility. In the end, I will not return to Han, and I will die in vain. What did Xin Yi 'an see? In order to serve the car, the former conductor helped to remove the chariot from Yong Yang Palace and touched the column to break the shaft, which was rude. He killed himself with a knife and gave him 2 million for burial. Ruqing and Huangmen Xu fought for a boat in the east of the ancestral temple, pushed Xu into the river and drowned him. The official rode to death and ordered Ruqing to arrest him one by one. No, he died because he was afraid of taking medicine. Unfortunately, Taifuren came and was buried in Yangling. Qing Zi's wife is very young, and she is married. There are only two female brothers, two women and one man. More than ten years have passed, and their life and death are uncertain. Life is like morning dew, why bother? The mausoleum began to fall and suddenly became crazy. Han was in great pain, and the old mother was responsible for protecting the palace. Qing Zi didn't want to surrender, so why did he cross the mausoleum? Besides, your majesty is in the spring and autumn period, laws and regulations are often dead, and dozens of ministers are dead and dead, and their safety is unknown. Who cares if Qing Zi is still recovering? I am willing to listen to Ji Ling, I don't want a cloud. " He said: "The death of Wu and his son is the credit of your majesty. They are among the generals, among the princes and close to each other. They are always willing to paint their brains all over the floor. Today, I'm going to kill myself, and it has to be effective. Although I was hit by an axe and soup, I am really happy for it. I serve the king, and the son of Judah serves the father. His son died for his father, and he hated it. I hope there is nothing more to say! "
After drinking for a few days, Ling and Wu replied, "Listen to Ling!" Wu said, "I have been separated from you for a long time! The king is about to surrender, please finish today's fun and death! " Seeing his sincerity, Ling sighed, "Oh, righteous man! The crime of Ling Weifa is heaven! " I decided to go with Wu because I was wet with tears.
Emperor Zhao ascended the throne, and for several years, Xiongnu and Han were close relatives. Han asked for martial arts, etc., and Xiongnu bullied him. The envoys of the later Han Dynasty returned to Xiongnu, and Chang Hui invited them to keep pace with the defenders, so as to meet the envoys of the Han Dynasty at night and come from Chen Dao. The messenger called Khan and said that the son of heaven shot at the forest, the geese were full of silk books, and the martial arts were in the wilderness. The messenger was overjoyed and made Khan say a good word. Khan looked around and was surprised. The ambassador said, "Wu equals reality." Khan belongs to the military attache of the church. Before that, nine people returned with the army. In the spring of six years, Wuyi went to Beijing. /kloc-the 0/9-year-old Wuliu Xiongnu began to grow strong and came back with white hair.
Make an appreciative comment
Biography of Su Wu is one of the most outstanding masterpieces in Hanshu. It describes the story of Su Wu's mission to Xiongnu, insisting on moral integrity in the face of threats and inducements, and fulfilling his mission to the letter. It vividly depicts the glorious image of a patriot who is "rich but not lewd, strong but not bent". The author uses the vertical structure commonly used in writing biographies to organize articles, mainly in chronological order, and appropriately uses the interpolation method to describe them in chronological order, with clear context and complete stories.
According to the main joints of Su Wu's life experience, this paper can be roughly divided into three parts. The first part is the first two paragraphs, in which Su Wu was ordered to send envoys to the Huns to make peace. The second part is the eleventh paragraph in the middle, which describes how Su Wu was detained and put back after the Huns met with an emergency. The third part is the last four paragraphs, writing about the respect and affection that Su Wu received after he returned to Han. The language of the article is tempered, thrifty and clean, combining historian's brushwork with literary language, and portraying characters in three points.
Creation background
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty won three decisive victories in the crusade against Huns, namely 127 BC, 12 1 year and19 BC. After the Xiongnu forces were greatly weakened, they expressed their willingness to make peace, but the contradictions between the two sides remained deep-rooted. So in BC 100, when Su Wu was sent to Xiongnu, he was detained and forced to surrender. "Biography of Su Wu" focuses on the deeds of Su Wu when he was sent to Xiongnu, enthusiastically praising his noble and upright spirit of being rich, poor, unyielding, hungry and unmoved before the enemy, and fully affirming his national integrity of perseverance and loyalty to death.
Brief introduction of the author
Ban Gu (32-92) was a historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Meng Jian. Fufeng Anling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi) was born. Shao Liang is a literary work, and because of his father Ban Biao's sequel to Biography of Historical Records, he was reported to have tampered with the history of the country without permission and was jailed. Ban Chao, the elder brother, was released after arguing in a letter. Later, he was appointed as the historian of Lantai, turned into the secretary of Lang and Dian School, and became the Book of Han Dynasty. After the expedition from General Dou Xian to Xiongnu, he served as the Central Guard. Dou Xian offended, and Ban Gu was implicated and died in prison. A total of 17 volumes, which have been lost, was compiled by the Ming dynasty.