List of winners of Nobel Prize in Physics

List of winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics (190 1-20 14) Year Winners' Nationality Award Reasons 190 1 wilhelm konrad rontgen Germans "discovered unusual rays and named them after him" (that is, X-rays, also known as roentgen rays, And roentgen as the radiation unit) 1902 Hendrick Lorenz Netherlands "Study on the influence of magnetic field on radiation phenomenon" (Zeeman effect) Peter Zeeman Netherlands 1903 Henry Bekkerel France "Discover natural radioactivity" pierre curie France "Their comments on the radioactive phenomenon discovered by Professor Henry Bekkerel * * and research" Marie Curie " 1904, john williams Strass, UK "On the measurement of the density of those important gases and the argon discovered through these studies" (on the measurement of the density of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, Argon was discovered by measuring nitrogen) 1905 Philip Edward Anton von Leonard Germany's Study of Cathode Ray 1906 Joseph Thomson Britain's Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gas Conduction 1907 Albert Michelson's America's His Precision Optical Instruments and their spectra and 908 gabriel lippmann French "His Method of Reproducing Color by Interference Phenomenon" Van der Waals' Study on Equation of State of Gas and Liquid 2006 +09 1 1 German William Wien +09 1 2 Nils Gustaf Dalen and Sweden "invented the automatic regulating valve for controlling the gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys" 2006+0966 6666696+0913 Heck Kamerling Agnes Holland "His research on the properties of objects at low temperature, Especially for the making of objects, Glover Bakla discovered the characteristic roentgen radiation of elements in Britain 19 18 Max Planck in Germany "promoted the development of physics because he discovered quantum" 19 1 9 Johannes Stark of Germany "discovered the Doppler effect of canal rays and the splitting phenomenon of spectral lines under the action of electric field" 65438+ Charles édouard Guillaume, Switzerland, 0920 "He discovered the abnormal phenomenon of nickel-steel alloy and promoted the accurate measurement of physics" 65438 Especially, Discovery of photoelectric effect law 1922 niels bohr and Denmark 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan USA 1924 Karl Manet Qiao Qi Segbain Sweden/his discovery and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. In 925, james frank and Germany "discovered the governing law of collision between atoms and electrons", gustav hertz and Germany 665 discovered the structure of matter and the deposition equilibrium "1927, arthur compton and the United States" discovered the matter named after him. Effect "Charlie Wilson, England" shows the track of charged particles condensed by water vapor "1928 owen richardson, England" His research on thermionic phenomenon, especially his discovery of the law named after him "1929, Duke Louis de Broglie of France" 1930, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman of India. And the discovery of hydrogen allotropes "1933 Erwin Schr?dinger O." Discovered a new and fruitful form of atomic theory "(namely, the basic equations of quantum mechanics-Schrodinger equation and Dirac equation) Paul Dirac UK 1935 James chadwick UK" Discovered neutrons "1936. Victor Francis Hess, Austria, the discovery of cosmic radiation, carl david anderson, the United States, the discovery of positrons, 1937, Clinton, Joseph Davisson, the United States, the experimental discovery of electron diffraction by their crystals, George Thomson, Britain, 1938, Enrico Fermi, Italy, proved that neutrons can be used. The existence of new radioactive elements produced by irradiation and the discovery of nuclear reaction caused by slow neutrons "1939 Ernest Lawrence USA" invented and developed the cyclotron, and thus obtained the research results on artificial radioactive elements "1943 Otto Sting USA" his molecular beam method and research findings on proton magnetic moment "1944 isidore Isaac. Recording the magnetism of nuclear by vibration method "1945 Wolfgang Pauli Australia" discovered the incompatibility principle, also known as Pauli principle "1946 Percy Williams Bridgman USA" invented the device for obtaining ultrahigh pressure. Discoveries have been made in the field of high-pressure physics "1947 Edward Victor Appleton UK", especially the discovery of the so-called Aptom layer "Patrick Maynard Stewart blackett of Britain" improved Wilson's cloud chamber method and its discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic rays "/ Kloc-0/949 Hideki Yukawa of Japan "He predicted the existence of mesons based on the theory of nuclear force" 1950 Cecil Frank. Powell Britain "developed a photographic method to study the nuclear process. Meson research based on this method found that in 195 1, John Douglas Cockcroft and Britain, their pioneering work in artificially accelerating nuclear transmutation, Irish Ernest Wharton, 1952, Felix Bloch and the United States, developed a new method of accurate nuclear magnetic measurement. Based on the research results "Edward purcell, USA, 1953, Frits Zernike and Holland", he confirmed the phase contrast method, especially the phase contrast microscope he invented "1954", the basic research in the field of quantum mechanics in Max Born and Britain, especially his statistical interpretation of wave function "walther bothe and Germany", And the research result obtained by this method "1955 willis eugene lamb USA" and his research result on the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum "Polycarp Kuschusa" accurately measure the electron magnetic moment "1 956 USA, William Bradford Shockley "Their research on semiconductors and the discovery of transistor effect" Walter houser brattain, john bardeen, USA, 1957 Yang Zhenning, USA "Their keen research on the so-called parity non-conservation law, This law led to many important discoveries about elementary particles "USA Li Zhengdao 1958 Soviet Pavel alexeyevich, Cherenkov" discovered and explained the Cherenkov effect "Ilya Frank, Soviet Igor Evgenyevich Tam, Soviet Union 1959, Emilio gino segre of the United States "discovered antiprotons" owen chamberlain USA 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser USA "invented bubble chamber" 196 1 Robert hofstadter USA "pioneering research on electron scattering in nuclei, The research results on nuclear structure obtained from this include "Rudolf Ludwig Mssbauer Germanic", his research on vibration absorption of γ-rays and the research results related to the effect named after him, "1962 Leo Davidovic Landau Soviet Union" and his pioneering theory on condensed matter. Especially liquid helium "1963 Yeno Parr Wigner USA", his contribution to the theory of nucleus and elementary particles, Especially the discovery and application of the basic symmetry principle "Maria Geppert-Meyer USA" found that the shell structure of nuclear "J Hans D Jensen Germany1964 Charles Townses USA" was in the field of quantum electronics, which led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the excited microwave-laser principle. Nicola Gennadiyevich Basov Soviet Union Alexander prokhorov Soviet Union 1965 Chao Yongzhen Ichiro Japanese "Their basic work in quantum electrodynamics has had a far-reaching impact on particle physics", Julian Schwinger, USA, richard phillips feynman, USA, 1966, Alfred kastler of France "discovered and developed the optical method for studying Hertz vibration in atoms" 1967, and Hans albrecht Bate of the United States "his contribution to the theory of nuclear reaction, especially the discovery of energy generation in stars"1968 Luis Walter Alvarez USA "made decisive contributions to particle physics, especially because he developed the hydrogen bubble chamber technology and data analysis methods. Thus, a large number of * * * vibration dynamics have been discovered. 1969 "Research findings on the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" by Murray gherman 1970 "Basic research and findings on magnetohydrodynamics" by hannis Olov Costa Alvin. And its fruitful application in plasma physics "Louis Néel France's basic research and discovery on antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism and its important application in solid state physics" 197 1 gabor Denis Britain invented and developed holography "1972 john bardeen and the United States". Together, they founded the microscopic theory of superconductivity. Leon Cooper USA John Robert schrieffer USA 1973 Esaki Reona Japan discovered the tunneling effect of semiconductors and superconductors Ivar Giaever Norway Brian David Josephson UK He theoretically predicted the properties of the super current passing through the tunnel barrier. Especially those phenomena commonly known as Josephson effect "martin ryle and Britain's 1974", their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle's invention and observation, especially synthetic aperture technology; The key role of Hervish in the discovery of pulsars "Anthony Hervish English1975 OG niels bohr Danish" discovered the connection between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus, and developed the theory of nuclear structure according to this connection: Ben Roy Mazen, Danish Leo James rainwater, American 1976, Burton. Their pioneering work in discovering new heavy elementary particles, Ding Zhaozhong USA 1977, philip warren anderson USA, on magnetism and disordered systems. Basic theoretical research on electronic structure "Neville Mott UK John Van Fleck USA1978 Peter Leonidovich Capicha Soviet Union Basic Invention and Discovery in the Field of Cryogenic Physics" Arno Allen penzias USA Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation "Robert Woodrow Wilson USA 1979. Sheldon Lee glashow of the United Theory of Weak Interaction and Electromagnetic Interaction between Elementary Particles, including the Prediction of Weak Neutral Flow, abdul sallam of Pakistan, Steven Weinberg 1980 of the United States, james watson cronin of the United States, Symmetry Destruction Found in the Decay of Neutral K Mesons, Val Logsdon Fitch, USA 198 1 year, Sweden's Kay siegbahn is of great significance to the development of high resolution. Contribution of electronic spectrometer "Nicolaas Bloembergen and America" to the development of excitation spectrometer "Arthur Sholow USA 1982 Kenneth Wilson USA" Contribution to the theory of critical phenomena related to phase transition "1 983 subrahmanyan chandrasekhar's Study on "The Theory of Important Physical Processes of Star Structure and Its Evolution" The theoretical and experimental study on the nuclear reaction of chemical elements in the universe of "william fowler and America" and "1984 carlo rubbia and Italy" are of great significance to the discovery of weak interaction emitters. The decisive contribution of the large-scale project of field particles W and Z "Simon van der Meer Netherlands 1985 Klaus von Klitsch Germany" Discovery of quantum Hall effect "1986 Ernst ruska Germany" Basic work of electron optics and design of the first electron microscope "Gerd Binning Germany" Development of scanning tunneling microscope "Heinrich Rohrer Switzerland/ Kloc-0/987 johannes bednorz Germany's Breakthrough in Discovering Superconductivity of Ceramic Materials Karl Miller Switzerland 1988 leon lederman America's Neutrino Beam Mode and melvin schwartz's discovery of American neutrinos prove the dual structure of leptons. "Norman Ramsey invented the method of separating oscillation field and its application in hydrogen-excited microwave and other atomic clocks." hans dehmelt developed ion trap technology. "wolfgang paul Germany 1990 Jerome Fried. Mann USA "Their pioneering research on deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons is very important for the development of quark model in particle physics. "American Henry Kendall, richard taylor, Canada, 199 1 French Degenipierre-Giles" found that the method of studying the order phenomenon in simple systems can be extended to more complex material forms. Especially,1992 Georges charpak France invented and developed a particle detector, especially the multi-wire proportional chamber 1993 russell hulse USA found a new pulsar. This discovery opens up new possibilities for studying gravity, the development of Bertram Brockhouse and Canadian joseph taylor, USA 1994 neutron spectroscopy, and the pioneering research of Clifford Schell in the United States on neutron scattering technology of condensed matter. As well as the discovery of τ lepton by martin perl and America's pioneering neutron scattering technology1995, the discovery of neutrinos by Frederick Reines and America's pioneering lepton physics experiment, and the discovery of superfluidity in helium -3 by David Lee and America's pioneering lepton physics experiment 1996. Kloc-0/999 USA 1998 Robert Labrin USA "Discovered a new form of quantum fluid excited by fractional charge" Horst Stormer German Cui Qi USA 1 999 Gerard T Hooft and Holland "Explain the quantum structure of weak current interaction in physics" Martin Newcastle Wiltman and Holland 2000 Les Alferov Russia "Developed semiconductor heterostructures for high-speed electronics and optoelectronics", Herbert cromer, German jack kilby and the United States "Contribution to the invention of integrated circuits", The achievements of Eric Cornell and the United States in Bose-Einstein condensates of rare gases containing alkaline atoms, and the pioneering contributions of Karl Weiman, wolfgang ketterle, raymond davis and the United States in the field of astrophysics in 2002, especially those of Masatoshi Koshiba, Japan, Riccardo giacconi and the United States in detecting cosmic neutrinos. These studies led to the discovery of the cosmic X-ray source "Alexei Abrikosov, Russia's pioneering contribution to the theory of superconductors and superfluids in 2003", Vitaly ginzburg, Russia, anthony leggett, the United States, David Gro, and in 2004, the United States "discovered the asymptotic freedom in the theory of strong interaction", Hugh Politzer, the United States and Frank Vilcek. Roy Glauber, USA, 2005, Contribution to Optical Coherent Quantum Theory, John Hall, USA, Contribution to the Development of Laser-based Precision Spectroscopy including Optical Frequency Comb Technology, Teodore Hensch, Germany, discovered the blackbody form and anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation in John Mather and the United States in 2006. Goerge smoot and the United States discovered the giant magnetoresistance effect in albert fert and France in 2007; Germany's Peter Griinberg, Kobayashi and Japan discovered the source of symmetry breaking in 2006 and predicted that there were at least three kinds of quarks in nature, namely, Ikekawa Minying, Japan, Yoichiro Nambu and the United States "discovered the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism of subatomic physics" in 2009; Gao Kun and Britain "made a breakthrough in optical communication"; Willard Boyle and the United States "invented semiconductors". 0 10 Andre Geim and Russia's "pioneering experiment of two-dimensional graphene materials" Konstantin Novoselov and Russia's 201Brian Schmidt and Australia's "discovering accelerated expansion of the universe by observing remote supernovae" adam riess, saul perlmutter and America's 20 12. Serge haroche, France, "A Breakthrough Experimental Technology for Measuring and Manipulating a Single Quantum System", david wineland, USA, 20 13, Peter W. Higgs' prediction of Higgs boson in Britain, Francois Englert, Belgium, 20 14, blue light diode (LED) invented in Isamu Akasaki, Japan, Amano, Shuji Nakamura, Japan.