China through train reporter inquired about the national enterprise credit information publicity system and found that as of June 165438+ 10/7, the 18 Railway Bureau (company) under China Railway Corporation had all completed the industrial and commercial registration changes.
After this round of change, the names of all railway bureaus were changed to "China Railway XX Bureau Group Co., Ltd.". For example, the former Chengdu Railway Bureau and Shenyang Railway Bureau were renamed as "China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd." and "China Railway Shenyang Bureau Group Co., Ltd.". However, 18 Jia Railway Bureau Group is still a wholly-owned holding company of Tiezong.
The era of China Railway Bureau ended and the era of Railway Bureau Group Company opened.
Diversified management
In addition to the name change, there are several changes worthy of attention during the change of industrial and commercial registration.
First of all, the enterprise nature of the railway bureau has changed from "enterprise owned by the whole people" to "limited liability enterprise";
Secondly, the registered capital has also generally expanded. For example, the registered capital of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was changed from 4.2 billion yuan to 6,543.8+0,546,438+0.44 billion yuan.
One more thing, the business scope of the railway bureaus has also expanded. Remarkably, many railway bureaus have increased logistics, finance, tourism and catering, advertising management, real estate development, sales of agricultural and livestock products and tobacco products.
Therefore, the changed China Railway may not be the China Railway you know. This is also the case. Diversification is one of the main purposes of China's railway company system reform.
Take real estate development and management as an example. In fact, Tiezong is the biggest invisible "landlord" in China, and its land reserve is much higher than that of other real estate developers.
At the beginning of this year, Tiezong publicly revealed that its exploitable land was distributed in 18 Railway Bureau 3 1 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, reaching 300 million square meters, surpassing China Evergrande (276 million square meters), which has the highest land reserve for real estate enterprises at present.
In the first quarter of 20 17, the total net loss of iron was 5.8 billion yuan, although it has been greatly reduced by 33.3% year-on-year. However, the continuous losses all the year round have really put pressure on Mr. Tie.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to realize diversified management and give full play to the advantages of existing resources through the reform of company system.
In August this year, China Railway Corporation launched 20 comprehensive land development projects in Beijing, Shenzhen, Wuhan and other cities, covering an area of about 30.98 million square meters.
This model is called "raising iron by land". In fact, the mode of raising funds for railway construction and development by using the land assets of railway enterprises was put forward in the State Council as early as 20 13.
On August 9th, 20 13, the State Council issued the Opinions on Reforming Railway Investment and Financing System and Accelerating Railway Construction (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which mentioned that it is necessary to intensify efforts to revitalize railway land resources, encourage the comprehensive development and utilization of land, and support the comprehensive development of railway stations and lines.
The "Opinions" also put forward that it is necessary to promote the reform of railway investment and financing system and raise construction funds in various ways and channels; Create conditions for social capital to enter the railway; Strengthen enterprise management and improve the level of asset returns.
But in fact, the reform of China Railway Corporation has made slow progress in the past two years, and the reform of railway company system has obviously accelerated this year and entered a stage of strong promotion.
China News Service is a through train reporter. The main reason is that from March 6 to April 5, 20 17, the Sixth Inspection Team of the Central Committee conducted a "mobile" inspection of the party group of the Railway Corporation. On June 10, when giving feedback on the "mobile" inspection to the party group of the railway corporation, it was pointed out that the railway corporation "is not strong enough to promote the central government's decision-making and deployment of deepening railway reform" and asked the railway corporation ".
At the same time, China Railway Corporation has also begun to carry out mixed ownership reform, and private capital has made new progress in entering the railway. According to media reports, Tiezong has sent invitations to private capital such as Ali, Tencent, FAW Group and SF Holdings to participate in mixed reform.
In fact, mixed reform has also made some breakthroughs in provincial and below feeder railways and special railways, with remarkable results. In September this year, Hangzhou Shaotai High-speed Railway signed a contract in Hangzhou, which is the first high-speed railway controlled by private capital. The private consortium headed by Fosun Group holds 5 1% equity.
Three steps of reform
Looking back on history, from the Ministry of Railways to the railway corporation, the central government has been promoting the reform of the railway system, but because of its complexity and huge volume, it is difficult to coordinate the interests of all parties and has not achieved satisfactory reform results.
Due to its particularity, the company system reform of Tiezong has always been regarded as the top priority of the reform of central enterprises. In order to complete the reform smoothly and orderly, the general manager of China Railway Corporation made a "three-step" plan.
In the first step, the non-transportation enterprises affiliated to China Railway Corporation took the lead in corporate reform, including 17 China Railway Construction Investment Company, china academy of railway sciences and People's Railway Newspaper.
The second step is the reform of three professional transportation companies, namely 18 Railway Bureau (company) and China Railway Container Transportation Co., Ltd. ..
Finally, there is the iron general himself. Reportedly, China Railway Corporation has initiated the reorganization and merger among departments, and will be renamed as "China Railway Group Corporation".
In September this year, Lu Dongfu, general manager of China Railway Corporation, said at the working conference on party building and corporate system reform of China Railway Corporation that promoting the corporate system reform is an inevitable choice to eliminate the system disadvantages that restrict the development of China Railway Corporation and realize the transformation and development from traditional transportation production enterprises to modern transportation management enterprises.
In an interview with the media, the relevant person in charge of Tiezong said that the goal of the company system reform is to realize the absolute separation of government and enterprises.
Previously, according to the timetable set by "Guiding Opinions of China Railway Corporation on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of Corporate System of Railway Administration", a series of reforms will complete the registration of industrial and commercial changes before the end of this year 1 1, build an institutional system with the company's articles of association as the core, and operate in full accordance with the new institutional mechanism from 20 18.
The direction of reform
As the person in charge of Tiezong said, the goal of the company system reform is to realize the absolute separation of government and enterprise. The key point is to set up an organization composed of board of directors, management and board of supervisors, and finally build a corporate governance structure. This kind of reorganization is beneficial for Tiezong to move towards a market economy and participate in the competition flexibly in a more market-oriented way.
However, Wei Jigang, a researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, reminded that the key to reform is to make institutions more efficient and responsive to the market through changes in organizational structure and optimization of resources.
It is imperative to reform the system of iron and steel enterprises. In fact, many experts also called for no further delay.
Zhao Jian, a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, told China News Service that the total assets structure and asset utilization efficiency of steel are deteriorating. Taking high-speed rail as an example, even if the operating cost is not considered, the total transportation income of high-speed rail is not enough to pay the loan interest of high-speed rail construction. "Tiezong has begun to maintain by constantly borrowing new debts and paying off old debts. If the reform is not deepened, the total iron debt will reach 8 trillion in 2020, which may lead to serious financial risks. "
"For a long time, the performance of the railway system has not been completely linked to income, and 265,438+10,000 railway employees still eat the same pot." The railway administration can't become a real market subject, the railway system has been monopolized for a long time, and social capital is difficult to enter, which affects the efficiency of resource allocation. Zhao Jian said that this is the most fundamental reason for the lack of vitality of China's railway transport enterprises, and the reform is to change this situation.
In the next step of reform, Zhao Jian believes that the key to deepening railway reform is whether the railway network can be split, otherwise the reform will be difficult to advance. Because, under the existing organizational structure, even if the railway bureau has been renamed as a company, it still needs the command and liquidation of the president of the iron company and cannot become a real market entity.
Zhao Jian suggested that China Railway Corporation could be reorganized into a holding company in the next step, and the existing 18 Railway Group Company could be reorganized into three regional railway companies in North, Central and South, making it a legal entity. The three companies are responsible for dispatching and commanding in their respective jurisdictions, and they have the right to make investment decisions and dispose of property, and finally they can become real market players.
At the same time, Zhao Jian believes that the three regional companies and their internal subsidiaries should fully compete and establish a two-level competitive railway transportation enterprise organizational structure.
Experts generally believe that if we can completely reform the company system and truly realize market-oriented operation, it will have a huge demonstration effect on promoting the reform of other state-owned enterprises.