The world's largest natural gas
▲ The largest offshore gas field in the world is South pars/North Dome Condensate Gas Field. In the Persian Gulf, belonging to Iran and Qatar, the recoverable reserves are 34.95 trillion cubic meters.
▲ The world's largest onshore gas field is the Ulungoy gas field, located in Yamal, northwest of Siberia Basin, Russia. Nenets * *. The gas field was discovered in 1966, with recoverable reserves of 8.49 trillion cubic meters. 1978 started production. It belongs to OOO Ulungeziprom Natural Gas Production Co., Ltd.
▲ The earliest and largest gas field developed by modern natural gas industry is Gustav Hughton gas field, located in Suhuade County, Gustav Hugo, Kansas, USA, which was discovered in 1922 and put into production in 1928. Geology belongs to Permian, with gas-bearing area of 8 14 square kilometers. The recoverable reserves are 2.29 trillion cubic meters. The helium content in this gas field is extremely high, reaching 0.3 ~ 1.9%.
▲ The longest burning natural gas pit in the world? Del Wei Ze is located in Akha, Turkmenistan, in the middle of Karakum Desert, about 260 kilometers north of Ashgabat. 197 1 year, while drilling, Soviet geologists accidentally discovered an underground hole full of natural gas. A piece of soil under the drilling equipment collapsed, leaving a big hole with a diameter of about 50- 100 meters. In order to prevent toxic gas from leaking out, they decided to ignite the leaked natural gas. Today, the flame at the mouth of the cave has never stopped. Locals call it? The gates of hell? . ? The gates of hell? This is a big pit with a diameter of about 70 meters, which has been burning for more than 40 years.
▲ Zhaolanzhuang gas field is the largest hydrogen sulfide gas field in the world, located in the south of Jizhong Depression of China North China Platform, with an area of 60 square kilometers. The content of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas reaches 92%. Hydrogen sulfide in this gas field is produced by biological reduction and is one of the world-famous gas reservoirs with high sulfur content.
Residual recoverable reserves of natural gas
▲ The most abundant natural gas in the world is in the Persian Gulf in the Middle East, with recoverable reserves of about 40 trillion cubic meters. Due to the difficulty of pipeline transportation, it is made into liquefied natural gas and synthetic oil for sale. Followed by Yamal Peninsula in Russia, the proven recoverable reserves of natural gas have exceeded 10 trillion cubic meters, which are mainly supplied to western European countries through pipelines.
▲ The country with the largest remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas is Iran. Followed by Russia, Qatar and Turkmenistan, these four countries accounted for 58% of the world's remaining natural gas reserves in 20 15 years. The United States ranks fifth in the world, and China ranks 1 1. The global natural gas reserve-production ratio is 52.8 years.
▲ Turkmenistan is the country with the richest remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas in Central Asia. At the end of 2000, it ranked fourth in the world in terms of 1 1 and 20 10/,accounting for 4.3% of the world total. 20 17.5 trillion cubic meters, and the remaining recoverable reserves account for 9.4% of the global total.
▲ The largest gas field in Central Asia and the second largest in the world is Galkynysh gas field, also known as South Yolotan-Osman gas field. In Turkmenistan, in 2006, it was discovered that the gas field was 75 kilometers long, 35 kilometers wide and 500 meters thick, with an estimated recoverable reserve of 2.8 trillion cubic meters.
Gas production
▲ The country with the largest natural gas production is the United States. In 2009, the United States surpassed Russia in natural gas production and became the largest natural gas producer in the world. 20 15 produced 767.3 billion cubic meters, up 5.4% over last year, of which two thirds were unconventional natural gas. Russia's natural gas production depends on the demand of EU's natural gas market. When the EU economy is depressed, Russia's natural gas production will decrease.
Natural gas consumption
▲ The country that consumes the most natural gas is the United States. In 20 15, the consumption was 778 billion cubic meters, up 3.0% from last year, accounting for 22.8% of the global total.
▲ The country with the largest amount of natural gas in primary energy consumption is Trinidad &; Tobago accounts for 92.5% of the national primary energy consumption; Followed by Uzbekistan (85.6%), Qatar (79.8%) and Turkmenistan (79.6%).
Pipeline natural gas trade
▲ The longest gas pipeline? Turkmenistan-Shanghai pipeline. There are four feeder lines from Central Asia to China? Party A, Party B, Party C and Party D all started from Turkmenistan, passed through Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan and arrived at Khorgos on the border of China, or passed through Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and arrived at Wuqia on the border of China. After 20 16, the natural gas flowing into this Silk Road can lose up to 85 billion cubic meters a year. If calculated, the pipeline from Turkmenistan to Shanghai is more than 6,000 kilometers long, which is the longest pipeline in the world.
▲ Russia has always been a big country in natural gas export trade. In 20 15, the growth rate of export volume rebounded by 3.0%, reaching 193 billion cubic meters, accounting for 27.4% of the global total; Followed by Norway, the export volume reached 65.438+0095 billion cubic meters, accounting for 654.38+05.6% of the global total.
▲ Yamal-European natural gas pipeline (Yamal? Europe pipeline is the longest gas pipeline in Europe, with a total length of 4 196km and a steel consumption of 8.033 million tons. It has a natural gas purification plant and 34 compressor stations. The natural gas from Yamal Peninsula in Siberia will be transported to eastern Germany via Belarus and Poland, and connected with the natural gas pipeline network in western Europe. The research project was started in the late 1980s, and 1994 started the preparatory work. The first phase of the project 1998 started, and the Shinkansen 1999 runs through Belarus. At the same time, the Polish branch line was completed, forming a gas transmission capacity of 33 billion cubic meters per year.
▲ The country with the largest import trade volume of pipeline natural gas is Germany, which reached 104 billion cubic meters in 20 15 years, accounting for 14.8% of the global total, followed by the United States, which reached 74.4 billion cubic meters, accounting for 10.6% of the global total.
▲ The longest submarine pipeline in the world is Nord Stream, a gas pipeline from Russia across the Baltic Sea to Germany, with a total length of 2115km (more than 3,300km). The gas source comes from Yuzhno-Russkoye gas field in western Siberia. The cross-sea length of the pipeline is 1 198km.
Followed by Langlais's pipeline. A submarine pipeline that transports Norwegian natural gas to Britain. The total length is 1 166 km, and the annual gas transmission capacity is 25.5 billion cubic meters.
▲ The world's deepest submarine gas pipeline? Blue creek? Natural gas pipeline (blue flow). This gas pipeline crosses the bottom of the Black Sea from Tuapsh in western Russia, lands in the Turkish port city of samson, and then leads to Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The pipeline length is 12 13km, the total length of the seabed is 375km, the depth in shallow water is 380m, and the depth in deep water is 2 150m.
▲ The largest natural gas pipeline network in the world is the Russian unified natural gas pipeline network. The trunk line and branch line are * * * long 158200 km, with 2 compressor stations18, 2808 km in Russia, 325 1 km abroad, 6 natural gas purification plants and 25 underground gas storages.
Liquefied natural gas trade
▲ The world's largest LNG production company is Qatargas, which is also a state-owned natural gas company in Qatar. Offshore natural gas production of the Levant Point LNG Plant was established on June 1 984+065438+1October1day. The world's largest South pars/North Dome condensate gas field is used to produce and sell liquefied natural gas and natural gas condensate.
▲ Qatar is still a big exporter of LNG, accounting for 3 1.5% of the global total, followed by Australia and Malaysia, accounting for 53.4% of the global LNG export.
▲ The largest importer of LNG is Japan, with an annual import volume of1180 billion cubic meters in 20/0/5 years, accounting for 34.9% of the global total. Followed by South Korea and China. The total LNG imports of these three countries accounted for 55.5% of the global total, but decreased by 4. 1% compared with 59.6% in 20 14.
▲ The largest LNG carrier in the world is Q-Max. Q stands for Qatar, and Max stands for the maximum size that can be close to the dock in Qatar. It is 345 meters long, 53.8 meters wide and 34.7 meters high. Membrane type, cabin capacity >; 250,000 cubic meters. The route is from Qatar to Britain and the United States. In 20 16, there were 13 Q-Max LNG ships sailing, all of which were manufactured by Daewoo Shipbuilding Ocean Engineering Company, followed by Q-Flex LNG ships, with 30 ships sailing.
▲ The country with the largest number of LNG carriers is South Korea. 20/kloc-259 ships have been built in may, accounting for 63% of the global total, and 64 ships are under construction.
▲ The top three companies with the largest number of LNG carriers are all in South Korea: Samsung, Daewoo and Hyundai. 240 ships were delivered in May 20 15, and 56 ships are under construction.
Special pipeline
▲ The earliest hydrogen pipeline built in the world? Rhine-Ruhr hydrogen pipeline. Hydrogen pipeline transportation is to transport hydrogen to the required infrastructure, and the transportation cost is similar to compressed natural gas (CNG). 1938 The Rhine-Ruhr 160 km hydrogen pipeline is still in operation. By 2004, there were 65,438+0,400 kilometers of low-pressure hydrogen pipelines in the United States and 65,438+0,500 kilometers of low-pressure hydrogen pipelines in Europe.
▲ The country with the longest ammonia pipeline? Russia? Ukraine. Ammonia is a highly toxic substance, which is not usually transported through long-distance pipelines, so it is not common. At present, the ammonia pipeline is connected from Togo, Russia to Transammiak, Ukraine, and transported to the Black Sea export port? Odessa.
▲ The longest liquid sulfur pipeline in the world is: (1) Alberta, Canada, from the natural gas processing plant to the seaside and then to the liquid sulfur carrier. 200 mm in diameter, 4 1 km in length, buried, with steam jacket for heat tracing. (2) There is a liquid sulfur pipeline in Carter Creek, Wyoming, USA, with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 33 km. Pipeline erection on the ground, 1983 completed and put into production. ⑶ There is a liquid sulfur pipeline in Jubail, Saudi Arabia, with a diameter of 250 mm and a length of 24 km. Pipeline laying on the ground, 1983 completed and put into production.
Gas power generation
▲ Surgut -2 Power Station is the largest gas-fired power station in the world, located near ob river, Siberia. 20 1 1 expansion, adding two 400MW, plus the original 4800MW, the installed capacity reaches 5597MW. The combined cycle device is adopted, and the total efficiency reaches 56%.
city gas
▲ The earliest gas company in Japan is Tokyo Gas, which was established in 1885. Initially engaged in coal to gas. 1969, the Japanese government emphasized urban cleanliness, and the company began to import liquefied natural gas as urban fuel, which was the largest company in Japan, accounting for about 15% of Japan's total.
Natural gas to synthetic oil
▲ The world's largest natural gas synthetic oil plant is Pearl GTL Company. It was built in the port of Las Laban, Qatar, and it is also the largest factory in the world to produce synthetic oil from natural gas. The project is funded by Qatar Petroleum Company and Shell Company. The first commercial shipment of synthetic oil in Pearl Natural Gas Synthetic Oil Plant was on June 3rd, 20 1 1 year. The production capacity of 20 12 will reach full capacity, which will be 45? 106m3/d natural gas converted into 22? 103m3/d liquid petroleum and 120000 boe (barrel oil equivalent, or 730TJ) are converted into natural gas condensate and ethane.
▲ The largest natural gas synthetic oil plant in Africa is GTL, Voss, Esquerra, which is located in the Escafoss region of Nigeria and the Niger Delta, and is 100km southeast of the capital Lagos. The plant converts natural gas into synthetic oil, adopts Fischer-Tropsch technology of Sasol Company and heterogeneous cracking technology of Chevron Company, with an investment of 8.4 billion US dollars, and was put into production on 20 13. The initial production capacity is 5400 m3/d synthetic fuel, which will reach 19000 m3/d after 10 years.
Unconventional natural gas
▲ The global tight sandstone gas resources are about 196 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 22% of the global unconventional natural gas resources, mainly distributed in Africa and the Middle East, accounting for 23.5% of the global total.
▲ The country with the largest recoverable resources of shale gas technology is China. In 20 13, us energy information administration (EIA) estimated that the recoverable shale gas resources in China were 3 1.55 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 15.3% of the global total.
▲ marcellus Formation is the largest shale gas reservoir in the United States and the largest shale gas reservoir in the world at present.
Rock gas field, located in Appalachian basin. With an area of 240,000 square kilometers? , buried depth 1200~2600m ~ 2600 m, thickness15 ~ 60 m. The original geological reserves are estimated at 42.45? 10 12m3, in which the estimated recoverable gas volume is 24,000? 108 m3. The recovery rate is 5.6%. Production began in 2008, with an average production cost of 6 million US dollars per well, well spacing of 20.8 square kilometers and output of 0.42? 108 m3/day.
▲ The country with the largest shale gas production is the United States. In 20 14, the shale gas production in the United States was 380.55 billion cubic meters.
▲ The countries with the richest coalbed methane resources are Russia (17 ~ 1 13 trillion cubic meters), Canada (6 ~ 76 trillion cubic meters), China (30 ~ 35 trillion cubic meters) and Australia (8 ~ 14 trillion cubic meters). These five countries account for about 95% of the world total.
▲ The world's largest producer of water-soluble natural gas is Kanto Natural Gas Development Co., Ltd. ... located in Chiba Prefecture, with the largest exploitation and the longest history. While extracting natural gas from South Guandong gas field, it is also engaged in the treatment of extracting brine such as iodine from gas field water. Japan's iodine production accounts for 50% of the world total.
▲ The undeveloped natural gas resource in the world is methane hydrate. About 27% of the earth's land is a potential area where natural gas hydrate can be formed, and about 90% of the world's marine waters are also potential areas. The carbon stored in natural gas hydrate is at least 65.438 trillion tons, which is about twice the total carbon content of all fossil fuels (including coal, oil and natural gas) that have been proved so far.
▲ The first gas hydrate gas field discovered? Russia's Mesoyaha gas field is located in the permafrost zone in the northern part of Russia's western Siberian basin, and is a typical gas hydrate gas reservoir. It was discovered in 1968 and started production in 1970. Some gas reservoirs in this gas field have been confirmed as natural gas hydrate stability zones. The gas field was closed on 1978.