What indicators do you mainly look at when looking at financial reports?

Financial statements are written documents about the financial status and operating results of enterprises. As a stockholder, studying financial statements well can not only understand the company's dynamics and tap potential stocks, but also avoid many potential risks, that is to say, you can avoid stepping on thunder. For example, stocks such as Kangmei Pharmaceutical and Shenwu Environmental Protection can see hidden risks in financial statements as early as before the thunderstorm.

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There are three main indicators and several incidental indicators.

Main indicators 1. Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity

This is the first index of Buffett's stock selection, reflecting the company's profitability.

Return on net assets = net profit/net assets X 100%

Repeatedly, the profit of the assets invested by shareholders in a certain period of time.

If this ratio is above 15%, 90% of companies can be excluded.

2. Net profit margin

The net profit rate reflects the proportion of net profit to the company's operating income.

Net profit rate = net profit/operating income X 100%

This indicator, like the return on equity, can be compared across industries.

3. Gross profit margin

Gross profit margin refers to the proportion of a company's operating costs to its operating income, and is an index to measure the desirability and competitiveness of its products.

Gross profit margin = gross profit/operating income

Gross profit = operating income-operating cost

Additional indicator: cash sales rate: reflecting profit quality.

Asset-liability ratio: reflects the debt level of enterprises.

Free cash flow: reflecting profit quality

Inventory turnover rate, accounts receivable turnover rate and accounts payable turnover rate: reflect the company's use of funds.

P/E ratio and P/B ratio: reflect the current valuation.

Wait a minute.

The content of financial report is very extensive. If I can only choose a few subjects to study, then I will choose the above subjects. But to understand a company more comprehensively, we should not only look at the performance of a certain financial indicator, but also use multiple financial indicators to verify each other. If there is a logical inconsistency, it means that there may be some hidden tricks in this financial report.

In a word, the analysis of enterprise financial statements is a highly professional job, which requires not only solid theoretical knowledge of finance and taxation, but also rich practical experience in finance and taxation and long-term experience in financial statement analysis. These indicators can basically exclude some less excellent companies, and the stocks selected are generally white horse stocks, blue chip stocks, growth stocks and so on.