The Importance of Enterprise Management Innovation Management innovation is the inherent attribute of an enterprise. For an enterprise that is constantly seeking development in the market competition, it is both necessary and natural to carry out management innovation in a timely and moderate manner. It is hard to imagine that in the cruel and fierce market, any enterprise can stand still in management and survive. But at the same time, we should realize that management innovation itself may also bring certain risks to enterprises. Improper management innovation, or innovation for innovation's sake, will not enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, but may be harmful to the long-term development of enterprises, and may even push enterprises to extinction. Therefore, it is necessary for us to think and understand management innovation rationally and guide Chinese enterprises to carry out management innovation scientifically.
First, the definition of management innovation
1, the definition of management innovation
So far, there is no unified, comprehensive and accurate definition of management innovation at home and abroad. Scholars with different viewpoints have given different definitions of management innovation from different angles. According to Austrian economist joseph schumpete? Innovation? Dr. Wang Jianjun of Renmin University of China believes that management innovation is to put new management elements or combinations of elements into the enterprise management system, so that it has new functions, innovative activities and innovative benefits, and it is an important part of the national innovation system. This is a relatively safe expression, and we will adopt this definition for the time being.
2, the purpose of management innovation
For enterprises, whether it is global or local management innovation, its purpose is to change and improve the allocation of various resources, improve the efficiency of the use of various resources, improve the efficiency of enterprises, better adapt to the current and future changes in various external environments, and better realize the future development vision of enterprises.
3, the content of management innovation
Management innovation includes the innovation of management ideas, management theories, management knowledge, management methods and management tools. According to the different management functions, management innovation can be divided into the innovation of management functions such as objectives, planning, implementation, control, leadership, organization and human resources. According to the classification of enterprise organizations, management innovation can be divided into management model innovation, competitive strategy innovation, business process innovation, standard innovation, enterprise culture innovation, organizational structure innovation and management system innovation. According to different functional departments, enterprise management innovation can be divided into R&D management innovation, production management innovation, marketing innovation, supply chain management innovation, human resource management innovation, financial management innovation, information management innovation and so on.
4, the main stage of management innovation
According to the different ways of management innovation, management innovation can be divided into brand-new management innovation and introduced management innovation. These two kinds of management innovations need to go through the same process.
The first stage: find the problem. This is often the reason for enterprise management innovation. In the operation of an enterprise, managers often feel that there are some gaps in some aspects of the enterprise itself, which leads to the lack of competitive advantage compared with competitors, or managers are prepared for danger in times of peace, and feel that there is obvious room for improvement in some aspects in the process of improving efficiency and cultivating competitiveness, prompting managers to clarify the problems existing in enterprise management and explore the reasons.
The second stage: seeking innovative solutions. This stage is the main difference between brand-new management innovation and imported management innovation. Enterprises can not only adopt brand-new ideas or methods according to the problems found, but also independently invent and implement brand-new management methods for improvement, which is called brand-new management innovation, and can also learn from existing management ideas or methods from outside, which is called imported management innovation. Generally speaking, enterprises will choose a variety of innovative solutions for a certain management content from different angles.
The third stage: evaluation and decision-making innovative scheme. Enterprises must evaluate and choose innovative schemes according to their own development and the needs of participating in market competition. Brand-new management innovation is not necessarily economical, and imported management innovation may not necessarily adapt to the actual situation of enterprises. In other words, the effect of the innovative scheme it seeks may not exceed the existing operating mode, and it is uncertain whether to carry out management innovation. But in any case, enterprises must make a decision after comprehensive weighing.
The fourth stage: the implementation stage of management innovation. Management innovation is bound to involve the application of new technologies, the change of business processes or the allocation of human resources, which is doomed to be not smooth sailing and must be actively and steadily implemented. If there is no well-thought-out implementation plan, or the pace and steps of management innovation can not be adjusted in time, or employees can not understand, it may often lead to the premature death of management innovation.
Second, the driving force and resistance of management innovation
As mentioned above, there are certain risks in management innovation. In order to successfully implement management innovation and achieve the expected results, we must use the factors that are beneficial to enterprise management innovation to solve and eliminate the factors that hinder management innovation.
1, the driving force of management innovation
(1) external motivation. First, the emergence of new ideas and technologies. The birth of a new management idea and a new technology may often promote the reform of the management mode of the whole industry. Facing the increasingly fierce market competition, enterprises are like sailing against the current. If you don't advance, you will retreat. Ignoring the application of new ideas and technologies is likely to make the management mode of enterprises tend to lag behind. The second is the change of social and cultural environment. With the progress of the times, people's values, hobbies and behaviors are constantly changing, which requires enterprises to constantly adjust their management methods to better adapt to this change. Third, the constraints on resources and environment have been strengthened. With the continuous expansion of population and the increasing frequency of human activities, people are more and more widely aware that many resources are non-renewable, and it is difficult to repair the living environment once it is destroyed, which makes people more and more aware of protecting resources and environment, which also puts forward new requirements for the management and operation of many enterprises to adapt to the increasingly severe resource and environmental situation. Fourth, the level of economic development has been continuously improved. Due to the improvement of economic level, more and more new products and services are available for people to choose from, and people's requirements for quality of life are getting higher and higher. Enterprises must constantly adjust themselves and improve productivity.
(2) Intrinsic motivation. The subject of enterprise management innovation is not only the manager, but also the managed. Enterprise managers are always pursuing the minimization of costs and the maximization of profits, which urges managers to constantly look for unreasonable and inefficient links in enterprise management and seek ways to improve or reform. At the same time, influenced by the market competition environment, enterprise managers have a natural sense of crisis and actively seek ways to innovate and surpass their competitors. For the managed, they are the audience of management system and management method. According to the theory of organizational behavior, whether these management systems and methods are reasonable is directly related to the job satisfaction of the managed and the realization of their own values. For them, there is also a desire to improve management methods, which is also one of the internal driving forces for enterprises to carry out management innovation.
2, the resistance of management innovation
Although enterprise management innovation has favorable external and internal motives, its implementation will never be smooth sailing, and it will inevitably face the resistance of the following factors.
(1) Cultural factors. Corporate culture is constantly strengthened with the growth of enterprises. In China, influenced by oriental culture for a long time, enterprises generally lack the spirit of innovation and adventure. On the other hand, the longer or longer it lasts, the more conservative it becomes. For these enterprises that lack the spirit of innovation and adventure, they are often worried that innovative management methods may lead to the situation of the enterprise being worse than before, thus making the enterprise decline.
(2) Interest factors. In a specific management mode, there are always some managers or managed people who get some specific benefits. Once an enterprise carries out management innovation, it is likely to touch their interests and even make them lose specific interests. Once weighed, these vested interests will take various ways to resist the promotion of management innovation.
(3) Habitual factors. For some people who have worked in a certain management mode for a long time.
For managers and managed people, they are used to their daily working methods and contents, and they are afraid that they can't adapt to the new working methods and contents, or they can't master new management techniques, so they have a resistance to management innovation.
(4) Cognitive factors. Although management innovation is as important as technological innovation, it is more important than technological innovation. Recessive? Moreover, its effect is often not as direct as that brought by scientific and technological innovation, so it is often easy to get insufficient attention and it is difficult to ensure implementation.
Third, the way for enterprises to improve their management innovation ability.
1, establishing an innovative corporate culture
The main body of enterprise management innovation is all managers and managed people, who may become the initiators and executors of management innovation and are indispensable. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a cultural atmosphere that keeps pace with the times and dares to innovate in enterprises, help employees cultivate and establish innovative ideas, and make them fully realize that enterprises must always rely on innovation to survive and develop. Once all employees of the enterprise have established the values of being willing to innovate and being brave in innovation, the development of the enterprise will gain a steady stream of power. For example, the high-speed development of Haier 14 with an average annual rate of 82.8% benefited from the development vitality inspired by its innovative culture.
2. Establish an organizational structure conducive to management innovation.
From the innovation practice of western enterprises, in order to cope with the ever-changing external environment and market demand and enhance management innovation and adaptability, their organizational structure is gradually developing in three directions: First, miniaturization. That is, for enterprises? Make it bigger and smaller? Divide large companies into small companies or simulate small companies, encourage small companies to take responsibility and stimulate innovation vitality. The second is flattening. With the development of enterprises, the management level is getting higher and higher, and the management of enterprises presents bureaucratic inefficiency. Therefore, at present, many enterprises begin to adopt horizontal organizations with few management levels in organizational structure design. For example, Toyota in Japan has only five levels from the president to the first-line grassroots managers. The third is organic. It can also be called the flexibility of organizational structure. An organic organizational structure is similar to a living organism, which shows good adaptability under complex and changeable conditions and can respond to changes in the external environment flexibly and effectively in time. For some big enterprises in our country, they are blindly emphasizing? Bigger and stronger? At the same time, it is necessary to learn from foreign advanced enterprises, learn from their practices of optimizing organizational structure, and constantly enhance their own innovation ability and adaptability in order to remain competitive in the complex and fierce market competition in the future.
3. Establish a learning organization and knowledge sharing mechanism.
2 1 century belongs to the era of knowledge economy, and all kinds of new knowledge, technologies and ideas are constantly updated. Enterprises must strive to build themselves into learning organizations, so as to constantly absorb new knowledge, new technologies and new ideas from the outside, so that their knowledge and ideas will not fall behind. Constantly updated new knowledge, new technology and new ideas are the source of enterprise management innovation. ? Why is it so clear that there is a source of living water? . The process of enterprise management innovation is essentially a process of absorbing and applying these new knowledge, new technologies and new ideas in combination with the actual situation of the enterprise itself. At the same time, when these new external things are absorbed into the enterprise, it is also necessary to establish a knowledge sharing mechanism, so that every employee can contribute what he knows and learn from others at any time to exchange needed goods, which is more conducive to the knowledge accumulation of enterprise employees.
4. Establish an incentive mechanism for management innovation.
The establishment of incentive mechanism for management innovation is conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm of employees to study and put forward management innovation schemes. In fact, relying only on a few managers, it is difficult for enterprises to maintain the motivation of management innovation, and it is also difficult to carry out management innovation in an all-round way within enterprises. We must fully mobilize and give full play to the innovative enthusiasm and wisdom of all employees. Modern human resource management theory holds that employees' potential cannot be brought into full play only by simple administrative orders, and employees' innovation ability and adaptability far exceed the expectations of enterprises, and employees can also manage themselves. For the top managers of enterprises, what they need to do is to really give every employee the right to innovate, give employees continuous innovation support, and give full play to their innovation autonomy. Take Toyota as an example, it can become the top car company in the world, largely because it has 654.38+0 billion innovations every year, and contributes 35 innovations per capita, which is also the key factor for its sustainable development. Many enterprises in China have formulated measures to give material rewards to employees once their innovative suggestions are adopted. Such measures and mechanisms are undoubtedly very beneficial to strengthening management innovation.