Rhenium is the last stable isotope element discovered.
187 1 year, Russian chemist Dmitry? When Mendeleev published the periodic table of elements, he predicted that there was an undiscovered "manganese-like" element with an atomic weight of 190 in nature. 19 14, British physicist Henry? Mosele calculated some data about this element. 1925, German chemist Walter? Noddack, Ida? Noddack, Otto? Otto Berg detected this element in platinum ore and niobite ore by X-ray, and named it rhenium according to the name of Rhine. Later, they also found rhenium in beryl and molybdenite. 1g rhenium was extracted from 660kg molybdenite in 928.
1908, Japanese chemist Nana Ogawa Masahiro announced the discovery of element 43, and named it Nipponium (Np) according to the word "Japan". However, in 2004, a Japanese scholar re-examined the Fang Shi Ying sample preserved by Nana Ogawa Zhenghong family with X-rays, and the results showed that the sample did not contain element 43, but element 75 "rhenium", so Nana Ogawa Zhenghong may be the first person to discover rhenium.
In 1960s, China began to extract rhenium from molybdenum concentrate roasting dust.
Development of rhenium industry
Rhenium is scarce and expensive, and people have little research on it for a long time. In 1926, people obtained only 3 mg of rhenium for the first time. By 1930, the total output of rhenium in the world was only 3 g. After 1950, rhenium began to be used in modern technology, and the output of rhenium gradually increased. 1956, kennecott copper company began to produce rhenium in factories in Washington and Pennsylvania. During the period of 1942- 1965, the total output of rhenium in western countries did not exceed 4200 kg, and most of it was used for laboratory research.
In 1960s, Chevron and UOP invented rhenium-containing catalysts for petroleum processing, which promoted the growth of rhenium demand and output.
In the early 1970s, the increase in demand for rhenium led to a threefold increase in the price of rhenium.
In 1980s, engine manufacturers found that the nickel-based alloy containing rhenium was resistant to high temperature and wear, so the service life of engine parts made of this alloy would be longer. This discovery of engine manufacturers has promoted the application and development of rhenium. In the late 1980s, rhenium-containing jet turbine blades were first used. In 2000, due to the sharp increase in demand for rhenium in the aviation field, the application of superalloys became the largest consumption field of rhenium.
According to the data released by the US Geological Survey in 20 15, the global rhenium production in 20 14 was about 48.8 tons. The main producers of rhenium are Chile, the United States, Poland, Uzbekistan and Armenia, among which Chile is the largest producer of rhenium, with a 20 14 output of 26 tons, accounting for about 53% of the global total output. The United States is the largest consumer of rhenium, while Chile and Poland have become the main suppliers of rhenium in the United States. During the period of 20 13-20 18, the average annual growth rate of rhenium consumption is 3%, and it is predicted that the consumption of rhenium will reach 70.4 tons by 20 18. The global recovery rate of rhenium is also increasing. It is predicted that the current global rhenium recovery is about 30 tons/year. Germany, the United States and Japan are the main countries to recycle rhenium resources, and Estonia and Russia are also recycling rhenium resources. At present, the largest consumption field of rhenium is superalloy, accounting for about 80% of the total consumption of rhenium, and the catalyst is the second largest consumption field of rhenium. The demand for rhenium in these two fields is still growing.
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