After the rain, a spider struggled to climb the broken net on the wall. Because the wall is wet, whenever it climbs to a certain height, it will fall off the high wall. It climbed up and down again and again. ...
Just then, three people passed by here.
The first man saw it and said, "This spider is really stupid. It can climb up from a dry place next to it. I can't be as stupid as it is. " So, he began to get smart.
The second man saw it. He was immediately moved by the spider's indomitable spirit and was encouraged. He said to himself, "I want to be as tenacious as a spider." So, he became tenacious.
The third person saw it. He sighed and said to himself, "haven't I been such a spider all my life?" What's the point of being too busy to get anything? " So, he became more and more depressed.
Why does this spider keep climbing? Why is there such a big gap between three people's attitudes towards spiders?
People must have many questions about many things in life, such as why I am not as successful as my college classmates. Why haven't you met your favorite object so far? Why does a colleague seem to please his superiors more than I do? When people are in doubt, they always try to analyze the possible causes of certain behaviors, events or consequences.
If we sum up what people say the most in their lives, then "why" must be the most frequent. The reason is that human beings are born with the need to pursue accurate development of things, which is a natural part of our human nature and no one can get rid of it.
In psychology, there is a technical term for the question of "why", which is called "attribution", which is what we often call "finding out the cause of the problem". Austrian social psychologist F. Hyde put forward attribution theory for the first time in Interpersonal Psychology published by 1958.
Attribution theory points out that if a certain factor appears, you will see a certain behavior, if it does not appear, you will not see it, then people will attribute this factor to the cause of behavior. For example, if you are traveling with a friend, and a horse comes in front of you, and your friend points at the horse and screams loudly, you should make sure that this friend is mentally ill or that danger is approaching.
When people try to explain a person's behavior, we should evaluate covariation from three aspects: difference, consistency and consistency.
Difference: Is the behavior specific in a specific situation-does your friend yell at all the horses?
Consistency: refers to whether this behavior is repeated for this situation-has this horse ever made your friends shout in the past?
Consistency: refers to whether other people have the same behavior in the same situation-does everyone point at the horse and shout?
Attribution is generally divided into internal attribution and external attribution: internal attribution refers to the internal reasons of individuals, such as personality, quality, motivation, attitude, mood, state of mind, degree of effort and other personal characteristics; External attribution refers to the external conditions of an action or event, including background, opportunity, influence of others, difficulty of work tasks, etc.
Imagine, on a morning of traffic jam, when you find a car is the culprit, what kind of reaction do you usually have? I'm afraid most people can't restrain their anger and tend to think that there is something wrong with the driver of the car. Because of his misconduct, everyone may endure the possibility of being late for work and being deducted from his bonus. This person will be defined by us as a selfish, indifferent and inconsiderate guy in an instant.
Psychologists have found that when we attribute other people's problems, external factors are easily overlooked. For example, the car driver mentioned above is likely to encounter a subjectively insurmountable situation and have to cause traffic jams.
Interestingly, the same thing happened to us, and the situation may be just the opposite. Most people who cut their salaries will think that the company is "kicking down the bridge" and rarely find reasons from themselves immediately. This is because when people's self-esteem is threatened, we will instinctively take a self-interested approach, that is, attribute the reason for salary reduction to external factors (such as economic recession), because admitting that our ability is not as good as that of other colleagues is a blow to our self-esteem. However, when we get a salary increase in return, we will instinctively attribute the reason for the salary increase to our ability being better than others.
When we see someone who is more successful than us, we will attribute their achievements to good luck and unconsciously make external attribution.
It is one-sided and biased to judge the nature of problems and things only based on external factors or internal factors. Only by analyzing and considering the internal and external factors can we see the essence of the problem clearly and make a correct judgment on things.