Direct shareholding refers to directly holding the equity of a startup; Indirect shareholding refers to indirectly holding the equity of a startup company through a limited partnership, that is, holding shares as a limited partner. Shareholders have ownership of the enterprise, which will be reflected in the right to vote, and the shareholders' meeting is the highest authority of the company; In the background of most shares with the same rights, ownership represents voting rights. When the voting right reaches a certain level, such as more than 50%, it means that it has control over the enterprise, which can affect the management right and supervision right, and the management right is often decomposed into decision-making right and execution right. People with strong thinking ability give decision-making power, and people with strong behavior ability give execution. These two types of people are often the targets of equity incentives; Here, we must distinguish between decision-making power and voting right. People with decision-making power are often on the board of directors, but they don't necessarily hold shares directly; People who have the right to vote may not be on the board of directors, but they may be direct shareholders.
It is often technical experts who bring internal comparative advantages to enterprises; It is often the co-founders who turn comparative advantage into competitive advantage; It is often partners who turn competitive advantage into product selling point; Therefore, in addition to the founders, the direct shareholders are often joint ventures and technical experts. In a few cases, partners may also hold shares directly; Without these people, it is difficult for enterprises to survive. They are the foundation of the existence of enterprises. To put it simply, if an enterprise can't live without people, let him hold shares directly. In order to simplify the voting procedure of the shareholders' meeting, people other than these people often let them indirectly hold shares through limited partnership.
Hold a certain share. When the shareholding reaches 30%, it can be called holding. If it is the largest shareholder, it can also be called relative holding. When the shareholding exceeds 50%, it can be called absolute holding.
There are several ways to judge the distribution of equity:
1. From the statements of listed companies, if the share capital structure of listed companies is relatively simple, and there are only state shares and tradable shares, then most shareholders of the former 10 hold tradable shares.
2. Through the public information system, the stock market publishes the trading information of individual stocks that rose or fell by more than 7% every day, mainly the names and trading amounts of the top five business departments or seats with the largest trading amount. If a stock increases in volume, it is mostly concentrated buyers. If the transaction volume drops, most of the announcements are concentrated sellers.
3. From the perspective of handicap and disk, disk refers to K-line chart and volume histogram, and handicap refers to real-time market trading window. There are two main positions: low suction position and high pull position. The daily turnover of low-suction positions is low, which can't be seen on the disk surface, but it can be seen from the fact that the outer disk of the disk surface is larger than the inner disk. Pulling up positions leads to an increase in trading volume. As can be seen from the disk, when the dealer ships, the stock price is often relatively low, or the pattern just falls again. Generally, there is a volume when it falls, which can be seen clearly.
4. If a stock suddenly increases in volume within a week or two, and the cumulative turnover rate exceeds 100%, it is mostly because the dealer has pushed up the position. For new shares, if the turnover rate on the first day of listing exceeds 70% or the turnover in the first week exceeds 100%, there are generally new villages.
5. If a stock lingers at a low level for a long time, its trading volume is constantly enlarged or intermittently enlarged, and its bottom is constantly raised, it can be judged that the dealer has gradually collected chips at a low level. It should be noted that the longer you wander, the better, indicating that the more profitable chips the banker will have in the future, and his ambition is long-term.