Origin: Tangshan, Hebei, China. Tangshan ceramic
Variety: products include tableware, tea sets, wine sets, bottles, plates and other daily-use fine porcelain and furnishings, with more than 500 kinds. Decorative methods are innovative, such as new color, spray color, golden eagle, golden eagle, crystalline glaze and so on. In addition, there are industrial porcelain, building sanitary porcelain and arts and crafts porcelain. Features: Tangshan ceramics has the characteristics of novel modeling, colorful decoration, complete varieties and deliberate innovation. Ceramic ceramics are produced in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. Tangshan area is rich in inorganic non-metallic mineral resources such as coal, refractory bauxite, soft and hard (plastic) clay, timely and feldspar as ceramic raw materials, which is an ideal ceramic producing area.
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During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, residents of Jiexiu, Shanxi and Zaozhuang, Shandong moved to Tangshan successively, bringing with them cylinder-making technology, and gathered in two areas in the northeast of the city to produce cylinder products using local raw materials and fuels. These two places were named Donggang Kiln and Xigang Kiln respectively. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, coarse bowls with brown glaze were produced, and there were gray tire white porcelain with cosmetic soil and a small amount of antique porcelain. Later, under the influence of modern industry, Qixin Porcelain Factory, Desheng Porcelain Factory and Dongxiyao Porcelain Factory successively adopted mechanical equipment and new technology. In the 1920s, Qixin Porcelain Factory began to produce white porcelain without makeup, and all kinds of floor tiles and tiles were exported. From 65438 to 0935, sanitary porcelain was sold to Singapore, Malaysia and other places. Tangshan ceramic industry declined in the 1940s and recovered in the 1950s, forming a complete ceramic production system and entering the ranks of large ceramic production bases in China. 1956 began to export daily-use ceramics. 1On July 28th, 976, a major earthquake occurred in Tangshan, and the ceramic industry was completely destroyed. However, with the support of state and local governments, production quickly resumed. 1979 Tangshan porcelain began to enter the international market. Tangshan porcelain belongs to K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 series, and the raw materials used are not only local bauxite, hard clay and soft clay (purple wood festival). ), timely and feldspar, as well as kaolin and porcelain stone produced in this province and other provinces, such as Tangshan pottery.
Zhang Cun soil, Kuancheng soil, Xushui soil, Hengshui soil, Datong sandstone and magnesia raw materials and Haicheng talc, etc. Tangshan successfully developed twice-fired bone porcelain and white jade porcelain. After 1950s, we produced large-scale ceramic products, such as bathtubs and electroplating bath. In the 1980s, a new technology of microcomputer-controlled sintering in tunnel kiln was successfully developed by plastic extrusion ceramic molding. The decoration technology and style of Tangshan ceramics have a great influence on northern ceramics. At the earliest, it was carved with patterns etched by hydrofluoric acid and then filled with gold, and colored decoration was sprayed with a spray gun or pen. It has a history of tens of thousands of years in China and is generally made of fusible clay. In some cases, clinker or sand can be added to clay to reduce shrinkage. The firing temperature of these products varies greatly, depending on the nature and quantity of impurities contained in the chemical composition of clay. If the porosity of bricks and tiles made of it is too high, the frost resistance of the green body is not good, and the mortar is not easy to cross, so the water absorption should generally be kept between 5 ~ 15%. The color of the green body after firing depends on the content of colored oxides in clay and the firing atmosphere. When fired in the oxidation flame, it is mainly yellow or red, and when fired in reducing flame, it is mainly cyan or black. The blue bricks in China's building materials are made of yellow or red clay containing fe2o 3. When the fire stops, they are calcined in reducing flame to reduce Fe2O3 to FeON and blue. Pottery can be divided into two types: ordinary pottery and exquisite pottery. Ordinary pottery refers to products with porous coloring bodies such as pottery pots, jars, altars, urns and refractory bricks. Tao surname overview Tao Tang Yushun's ancestral home is Yucheng.
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Ceramics is a traditional characteristic industry in Tangshan. Tangshan ceramics has a long history. It is the northern porcelain capital of China and one of the main producing areas of China ceramics. According to historical records, pottery pots and vessels were produced as early as the Warring States period. By the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Tangshan ceramics had reached a certain scale. At that time, it was mostly a small workshop-style production mode based on labor combination. With the development of production, especially the completion of Kailuan coal mine and the entry of foreign capital at the beginning of last century, by the end of 1930s, machinery and electricity were widely used in the production and manufacture of ceramics, and Tangshan ceramics gradually flourished. After liberation, with the socialist transformation of national industry and commerce, Tangshan ceramics has developed by leaps and bounds, the scale and productivity of enterprises have been greatly improved, and the production of enterprises has been gradually incorporated into the national plan. In the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, nearly 20% workers were killed, more than 90% factories were damaged and more than 70% kiln equipment was damaged, which caused a devastating blow to Tangshan ceramic industry. However, with the strong support of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the people of the whole country, the heroic workers in the whole industry quickly resumed production and produced products within one month after the earthquake. In the post-earthquake recovery construction, the process layout and technical equipment were redesigned in time, which improved the degree of mechanization and made the production capacity reach the pre-earthquake level quickly. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Tangshan ceramic industry shifted its focus to strengthening management, improving quality, striving for famous brands, saving energy and reducing consumption, and increasing efficiency. The whole industry has been developing rapidly. Up to now, there are nearly 100 ceramic enterprises in this city. Chinese and western tableware, coffee sets, tea sets and hotel porcelain are the main daily products, with an annual output of more than 500 million pieces. Sanitary ceramics are mainly toilets and basins, with an annual output of about150 thousand pieces. Tangshan ceramic
Building ceramics is about 40 million square meters. There are more than 654.38+10,000 employees. Together with coal, cement, railways and locomotives, it has become a historical witness of Tangshan's industrial development. Tangshan ceramics co., ltd is a key enterprise in Tangshan ceramics industry. It inherits the long history and advanced technology of Tangshan ceramics, integrates tradition and modernity, science, industry and trade, production and supply, and is a key producer and exporter of ceramic products in China. The company has more than 20,000 employees, total assets of 65,438+065,438+0 billion yuan, five holding subsidiaries and five branches, and 65,438+0 research institutes. The leading products are daily-use ceramics, sanitary ceramics, special ceramics, building ceramics, arts and crafts ceramics and refractory materials. Among them, the annual production capacity of daily-use porcelain is 65.438+0.6 billion pieces. "Red Rose" brand high-grade lead-free bone China is the only China famous brand product among the high-grade porcelain in the same industry in China. The production capacity of sanitary ceramics is 2 million pieces. Annual production capacity of special ceramics100000 pieces. 200,000 tons of refractories. The annual export income is $60 million. It is an important ceramic production and export base in northern China. It is one of the only large comprehensive ceramic enterprises in China. [ 1]
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The stage of free development before liberation (before 1949)
From the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty to the eve of liberation, although the porcelain-making industry in China was extremely developed, there were only 10 workshops in Tangshan, such as Tianjiayao, Qinjiayao and Zhaojiayao, with more than 200 workers and peasants distributed on both sides of Yao Gang Road. The products are all coarse pottery and porcelain. After the Opium War, under the stimulation of western industrial technology, especially after the coal was discharged from Kailuan Coal Mine, some new ceramic workshops appeared one after another. In the 1920s and 1930s, the application of machinery and electric power improved the production efficiency, greatly improved the output and quality of products, and produced household white porcelain, electric porcelain, sanitary ceramics and so on. Formed the embryonic form of Tangshan ceramic industry. Among them, sanitary ceramics is the first in China, and Tangshan is the cradle of sanitary ware production in China.
The period of stable development after liberation (1949 ——1976)
After liberation, the party and the government led the vast number of ceramic workers to quickly heal the wounds of war and put Tangshan ceramic production on the right track. It has gone through the stages of public-private partnership, Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Products are also sold domestically and exported at the same time, becoming Tangshan ceramics.
As a large foreign exchange earner in Tangshan, Tangshan Ceramics has developed into an important part of the local economy. The rise of Tangshan ceramics is inseparable from the care of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries. On June 196 1, the Tangshan municipal government held the Tangshan ceramics exhibition in the working people's cultural palace in the capital. The extension period is 29 days. President Zhu De personally attended the exhibition and wrote an inscription: "Give full play to your resources and technological advantages, produce more and better porcelain for life and industry, meet the needs of domestic sales and export, and become the second Jingdezhen." During the period of rapid development after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee (1977), Tangshan ceramics ushered in new development opportunities and experienced new tests. In the early days of reform and opening up, on the one hand, the focus of the Party's work shifted, and the country entered a period of large-scale economic construction, which made sanitary porcelain and architectural porcelain in short supply. Tangshan Ceramics Factory and Tangshan Architectural Ceramics Factory are thriving, with the output increasing at a rate of 20%-30%. On the other hand, due to the reform of economic system, especially the reform of foreign trade system, domestic porcelain producers who have relied on foreign trade for many years have been forced to stop receiving goods and export them in large quantities. So that Japanese pottery manufacturers tasted the bitter fruit of not being able to face the market independently for the first time during the planned economy transition period. With the deepening of economic system reform and the successive introduction of various national reform policies, Tangshan ceramic industry has boldly explored and practiced. The first company to obtain the right to operate foreign trade in the city's industrial enterprises completely changed the situation of relying on foreign trade companies for many years and directly faced the international market. He was the first to establish a Sino-foreign joint venture in a municipal enterprise in Tangshan, and introduced foreign capital into traditional industries for the first time, injecting new vitality. The first to implement the contract responsibility system in the city's industrial enterprises. In the product structure of daily-use porcelain, red rose bone porcelain, white jade porcelain, magnolia porcelain and white orchid porcelain, which are known as "four golden flowers", have been formed. At the same time, Tangshan ceramic industry carried out large-scale technical transformation in time, which improved the equipment level to a certain extent. [2]
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Tangshan ceramics began in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of nearly 600 years. The long historical development has created rich ceramic cultural resources in Tangshan. There are many kinds of ceramic products, including household porcelain, building porcelain, sanitary porcelain and industrial Tangshan porcelain.
There are more than 500 kinds of physical and chemical porcelain, high-tech porcelain and art exhibition porcelain. Among them, the complete set of porcelain products includes: tableware, tea set, coffee set, wine set, stationery, smoking set, remote control hanging plate, seat plate, porcelain plate painting, various vases, flower arrangement, etc. for display and appreciation; All kinds of porcelain carvings and sculptures; There are practical ceramics, as well as artistic ceramics such as large tile murals for architectural decoration. Among them, bone China is moist and bright, the fetal quality is exquisite, white jade porcelain is exquisite, and the glaze is blue and white, which is the most famous. The main techniques of Tangshan ceramics decoration are golden carving, color spraying and color in glaze, which forms the unique style of Tangshan ceramics. With the development of new technology, Tangshan ceramics has a series of glories: "Red Rose", the first brand of daily-use ceramics in China; "Huida" sanitary porcelain has three titles: China famous trademark, China famous brand and national inspection-free product; "Longda" bone porcelain, special porcelain for Shanghai APEC meeting; "National Torch Plan Ceramic Material Industry Base" has added luster to Tangshan; Lead-free bone China has broken through the technical barriers of international trade and opened the world market of high-grade daily-use porcelain. China bathroom porcelain and bone porcelain, which were first born in Tangshan, have been pushed to a new peak today after years of efforts. 1960, 1979 and 1988, Tangshan ceramics went to Beijing for three exhibitions, all of which were successful and had a wide influence. Tangshan is also an early city to carry out ceramic education and research. 1958 Hebei light industry school was established, with specialties of ceramic art, ceramic technology and ceramic machinery. From 65438 to 0999, it was merged into Hebei Polytechnic University to establish the Art College, which further developed the traditional ceramics specialty. From 65438 to 0958, Tangshan Ceramic Research Institute (now Tangshan Ceramic Research Institute) was established, specializing in the development and research of ceramic technology and art..