At present, relying on the fast-developing market, the mobile phone industry in China continues to maintain a high-speed growth momentum. Not only do sole proprietorships and joint ventures continue to maintain good market performance, but domestic brand mobile phones have also made group breakthroughs, breaking the long-term monopoly of foreign-funded enterprises on the domestic market and becoming a new growth point of the national economy.
Industrial Status: Adjustment of Fierce Competition Pattern
China's position as a global mobile phone manufacturing base has been further consolidated. With the rapid development of China's mobile communication operation industry, the scale of the mobile phone industry is constantly expanding. In the first half of this year, the output of mobile phones in China was 265.438 billion, up 64% year-on-year. At the same time, the number of mobile phone users in China increased by more than 30 million, and the total number of users reached 420 million. The penetration rate of mobile phones has risen rapidly, and China's position as a global mobile phone manufacturing base has been further consolidated.
The product market structure was further adjusted. With the increasingly fierce market competition, most enterprises are actively taking measures to deal with it and constantly adjusting their marketing strategies, which has led to a new round of pattern changes in the mobile phone market in China.
The domestic market share of foreign-funded enterprises has been further improved. With strong capital and technical advantages, foreign brand mobile phone manufacturers, after fully grasping the domestic market situation, on the one hand, speed up the launch of new products and seize the market, on the other hand, make an all-round attack on products, comprehensively cover high, medium and low-grade products, and increase competition with domestic enterprises in middle and low-grade products.
The market share of domestic brand mobile phone enterprises continues to decline, and the original competitive advantage of domestic brand mobile phones is gradually lost, and the growth is weak. After the original competitive advantages, such as channel, price and familiarity with the local market, have gradually weakened, the defects in capital and technology have become the main factors restricting the further development of domestic brand mobile phone enterprises, which are mainly manifested in the rapid industrial expansion, the slow listing of new mobile phones, many product quality problems, and the decline or even loss of corporate profits. These reasons have caused the domestic market share of domestic brand mobile phone enterprises to continue to decline.
Production concentration has been further improved. The scale of China's mobile phone industry has been further expanded, and production has been concentrated in advantageous enterprises. In 2004, the output of the top ten enterprises accounted for 72.9% of the whole industry and the sales accounted for 72.8%. In 2005, the concentration of production was further improved. The production and sales of the top ten enterprises account for 78.7% and 78.4% of the whole industry respectively.
The market competition is more intense. On the one hand, the costs of raw materials, energy and labor are rising, on the other hand, the structural and staged surplus of mobile phones leads to the continuous decline of domestic mobile phone market prices, and the profit margin of enterprises is constantly squeezed; Foreign-funded enterprises continue to increase efforts to explore the low-end market, which will further reduce the market space of domestic brand mobile phones, and domestic brand mobile phone manufacturers are struggling.
Product updates are accelerated. The continuous introduction of new mobile communication services, the continuous enhancement of mobile phone functions and the continuous renovation of the shell have prompted various production enterprises to continuously introduce new varieties that meet the market demand, and the update cycle of mobile phones has been further shortened, so that enterprises will not be able to get out of trouble by relying on a mobile phone in previous years.
China has achieved a technological breakthrough in the 3G field. Following the formulation of TD-SCDMA network technical standards, Zhongxing Microelectronics Company successfully developed the second generation of mobile phone chip "Starlight Mobile Phone", and made a breakthrough in the processing of mobile phone music and mobile phone animation in the 3G era. The Noah3000 mobile phone chip developed by Southeast University and Dongda Communication Company has passed the system test including call and data service transmission, and all performance indexes of the structure display chip meet the requirements of WCDMA international standards. This indicates that China has the ability to develop all the core technologies of the three major standards in the world mobile communication field.
Foreign trade: export growth drives industrial development
The sustained and rapid development of mobile phone industry in China has greatly promoted the development of mobile phone foreign trade. At present, the export of mobile phones in China has exceeded the global demand by more than 10%, and mobile phones have become the largest export product of electronic information products in China.
The rapid growth of mobile phone exports has become the main force to promote industrial development. The export of mobile phone products has promoted the continuous expansion of China's mobile phone industry. In 2005, for example, China exported 228 million mobile phones, up 56% year-on-year, and the export volume of mobile phone products accounted for 75% of the total output of mobile phones in China. In monetary terms, in 2005, the export of mobile phone products (including mobile phones and their parts) in China reached 31625 million US dollars, and the direct contribution rate of mobile phone products to the export of high-tech products reached 14.49%. With the further optimization of China's mobile phone export commodity structure, the increase of the added value of exporting mobile phones and the continuous growth of export scale, the export of China's mobile phone products will increasingly become one of the main growth points of China's high-tech industry's foreign trade export development.
The position of international division of labor in the industrial chain determines the way of mobile phone export. At present, China's mobile phone industry is still at the end of the global industrial chain division, and its core technologies and key equipment still depend on the introduction from abroad. Therefore, processing trade has become the dominant way of mobile phone export in China. More than 90% of China's mobile phone exports are created through processing trade. However, from 2000 to 2005, the proportion of processing trade decreased year by year, indicating that the technology and structure of China's mobile phone export products have been improved, and its position in the international industrial chain division pattern is gradually improving.
At present, the import and export of mobile phone products in China is growing rapidly. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the proportion of mobile phone products (including mobile phones and their parts) in the total export of high-tech products has remained above 10%. The export markets are concentrated in the United States, the European Union and Hong Kong, but gradually diversified. The import sources are mainly concentrated in Asian countries and regions such as Korean, Japanese, China, Taiwan Province Province of China, China, Hongkong and Singapore.
As China's position as a global mobile phone processing center is further highlighted, many multinational companies regard China as a mobile phone production base. For example, the export ratio of mobile phones produced by Motorola and Siemens is above 80%. Accordingly, the United States and Germany have become the first and third largest markets for China's mobile phone exports respectively; China and Hongkong are global logistics centers. Many joint ventures export mobile phones to Hong Kong first and then distribute them around the world. Therefore, Hong Kong is the second largest market for China's mobile phone exports. France, the Netherlands and other European countries are the main export markets of joint ventures; Although the export scale to Southeast Asian and African markets is not large, it has increased, which is mainly the result of domestic brand mobile phone enterprises actively expanding export channels.
Foreign-funded enterprises export mainly, while private enterprises export exponentially. Since 200 1, the situation that China's mobile phone products are mainly exported by foreign-funded enterprises has not fundamentally changed. Although the proportion has declined, it has always accounted for more than 95% of the total export of mobile phone products in China.
The export sources are concentrated in Guangdong, Tianjin, Beijing and Jiangsu. Since 200 1, the top sources of China's mobile phone products exports have been concentrated in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Beijing and Tianjin, and the proportion of these four provinces and cities in China's mobile phone products exports has remained above 80%.
Disadvantages: four sticking points hinder development
With the rapid development of mobile phone industry and foreign trade in China, some problems need to be solved urgently.
First of all, the export of mobile phone products is highly dependent on foreign countries. In the process of the rapid development of China's mobile phone products export, the situation that foreign-funded enterprises are the mainstay and processing trade is the mainstay has not been fundamentally changed. Since 200 1, foreign-funded enterprises have been in a leading position in the distribution of enterprise structure of China's mobile phone products export, accounting for more than 95% of the total. In the trade mode of China's mobile phone export, raw materials processing is the main way, and the proportion of general trade is too low. In recent years, the proportion of processing trade has remained above 90%.
The combination of foreign-funded enterprises and processing trade mode is deepening, which intensifies the inherent "enclave" characteristics of processing trade mode, making the export development of China's mobile phone products more vulnerable to the fluctuation of international market and the changing trend of international division of labor. On the other hand, enterprises import machinery, equipment and raw materials from abroad in the form of processing trade, and export them through processing combination, forming a closed cycle, which makes the independent development ability of the industry shrink gradually, and enterprises are always in the periphery and low-level technology and links in the production process of high-end products. In the long run, if this situation does not change, it will also affect the development of China's mobile phone products export.
Secondly, the export target market is highly concentrated. For a long time, China's mobile phone export market is mainly concentrated in the re-export market of the United States, Japan, Europe and Hong Kong, but the export is too dependent on these countries and regions, resulting in a weak overall anti-risk ability. At present, the mobile phone enterprises in China have realized this problem, but the development of emerging markets is still slow. In addition, the excessive dependence of China's mobile phone products export on markets such as the United States and the European Union also makes enterprises face problems such as intellectual property litigation of multinational companies.
Third, the financial support system is not perfect. At present, the financing of mobile phone enterprises in China, especially emerging private technology enterprises, still faces many constraints. The uncertainty of technological innovation and the inability of financial institutions to evaluate innovation risks make their financial support for technological innovation activities of enterprises weak. However, the deeper reasons are that China's financial system is not perfect, state-owned financial institutions are overburdened, private and private investment institutions are scarce, which lags behind the growing demand of private enterprises and the financing channels are narrow, which greatly affects the growth of emerging enterprises.
In addition, it is worth noting that China's domestic brand mobile phone manufacturers are also facing problems such as weak independent innovation ability, imperfect supply chain and weak international market development ability, which also affects the benign development of China's mobile phone industry and foreign trade.
Future prospects: vast space and strong demand.