situation
The process of urban construction and urbanization in China is in the ascendant, urban landscape construction is developing rapidly, and the discipline of landscape architecture has entered a peak era. In particular, the major of landscape planning and design suddenly came to the front desk and became the word "fashion" and "garden" in newspapers every day. The unprecedented upsurge of large-scale urban construction forces the decision-makers of urban construction to base themselves on the nature, function, culture and regional orientation of the city. It is a great progress to formulate the urban green space system planning as the basis and goal of the long-term construction of urban green space. With systematic planning, how to gradually realize these ICI planned green spaces on the general plan, in addition to various necessary procedures, is mainly to specifically implement the planning scheme and detailed design of garden green spaces.
condition
Landscape design should be said to be an ancient and young subject in China. It is ancient because our gardening history can be traced back to thousands of years ago, and there are a number of excellent examples and theories of traditional gardening in the world. It is young because this subject has developed and evolved in practice and integrated with modern society. It is also a matter of recent decades. Before the 1980s, there were few people in the landscape planning and design industry and their national strength was limited. In addition to some excellent works, it is still at a relatively primary level under the influence of traditional gardens, the greening of cities and residential areas in the former Soviet Union and the United States, and the theory of cultural leisure parks. Generally speaking, axis, scenic spots, landscape green space and traditional or innovative garden architectural symbols have become common patterns in garden design, and the park image in people's minds is basically a pavilion under green trees. Since 1990s, the economy has developed. The process of urbanization has promoted the prosperity of urban landscape design in China. With the gradual improvement of urban functions, urban green space with parks, green squares, ecological corridors and suburban scenic spots as the main body has become the symbol of urban modernization and the necessity of improving urban environmental quality, improving life quality and satisfying cultural pursuit. The functional orientation of urban landscape ecology, landscape, culture, leisure and disaster reduction and avoidance is gradually recognized by the industry. From traditional gardens to urban greening, the concept of landscape planning and design is gradually deepening and improving, and the field is constantly expanding. Designers combine the national conditions in practice, absorb some new ideas and ideas from abroad on the basis of continuing to draw nutrition from the traditional context, and adapt to the needs of modern life to create a number of better works. Few landscape designers only lead the landscape planning and design, but also participate in the overall urban planning and urban design. Urban landscape planning and design plays a role in a larger and broader level, which is a practice of small-step exploration, innovation and keeping pace with the times, which in turn enriches and perfects the design theory of modern gardens. In order to survive the fittest, professionals are struggling to explore, chase and capture between social ideological trends, academic trends and the likes and dislikes of decision makers. Generally speaking, the mainstream of planning and design is good, but it is far from enough to find a masterpiece that can be loved by the masses and recognized by experts.
trend
Just as China has a traditional garden context, all countries have their own traditional context. On the other hand, international exchange and global economic integration have led to the convergence of modern urban life. Gardens, like urban planning and architecture, are trying their best to preserve traditional cultural individuality and conform to the trend of urban development. Therefore, urban gardens will coexist in the process of inheriting the context and going international. Diversified landscape creation trends will avoid the trend of international convergence of the times, and context will enable us to find a high-level connection between the two from ethnic groups and regions, which may be the trend of landscape culture in the new century and the spread of all beings.
deficient
At the same time, as professionals, we should calmly see that some authors are willing to share my humble opinion with colleagues in combination with their own work practice:
(1) A variety of factors have piled up a large and small public green space, which has become a test field for designers to pour out their nervousness. Some parts may be wonderful, but the rhythm is too tense and lacks unity. An article has multiple themes and is disorganized.
(2) Qi Dan has complex design, less road greening and less urban open space. In fact, it only needs a simple design, even if a few rows of trees are planted, it is very small to use this concept with small movements. Pinus tabulaeformis around the Monument to Heroes in the 1950s and Yanglin Avenue on the airport road in the so era are all examples of simple design, but simplicity can sometimes reflect identity. In fact, simplicity itself is that creative designers are thinking hard about chasing the so-called bright spots, and superficial articles have been done.
(3) The design standard uses a lot of expensive materials such as granite, marble, small stainless steel, glass curtain wall, advanced lamps and imported fountains. There is less beauty in the garden and more suspicion of getting rich.
(4) Paving (adding lawn) is the first step in the design of the stock square. While looking at the fountain, you can look up at the city sculpture, add flagpoles on the steps, and the central axis is symmetrical. The end point is that the government has thousands of people, and the social functions of the square, such as leisure, cooling and communication, are ignored. There are more grass and fewer trees, and the big ones are more magnificent and simple.
(5) There are too many hard places, such as shady foot paving, pond bottom, revetment, etc., to block the atmosphere and make it transparent and ecological.
(6) The living environment of landscape residential green space is different from that of parks. It is too complicated to control water by rockfill, which endangers the safety of young and old, and the height difference is too complicated, which affects residents' travel. Residential areas should provide more shade and activity places for residents, and less landscape.
(7) The limited space of the displayed residential landscape residential area has "Venice Water Bridge" on the left and "Ionian Column" on the right. The publicity of the image and the ostentatious environment please the tourists, but disturb the peace of the residents.
(8) With the superposition of residential functions, it is appropriate for some facilities to go underground, while others are helpless. However, it is impossible to ensure ecological soundness for a long time by putting all concentrated green spaces overhead, building garages, shopping malls, clubs and swimming pools, and digging several layers of green spaces with surrounding buildings.
(9) The non-philosophical concept of composition gives an acute angle, wedges the axis for no reason, and unilaterally understands and deconstructs it. The image is cold, the scale ratio is small, and the order and thinking are chaotic.
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(1 1) impetuous computer design participated in the design bidding, and the world scenery was copied and the board was waved. However, it is useful to take "adjusting the state by nature" as a mantra and dogma, which lacks serious analysis and thinking.
(12) In small letters, we pay little attention to basic skills and ignore functions and needs, especially the changes of the so-called seven-sided octagonal city sculpture, which is artificial and shallow in image. They lack basic skills and use fake handsome instead of weeds. They want to tear it down, they want to scrap it, and they want to keep the excellent sculptors redundant and drown them in the mediocrity of everyone's sculptures.
(13) stylized plant configuration and scenic area division: 1. Plant landscaping refers to the combination of flowers in one season and evergreen in four seasons, evergreen and deciduous leaves, and the combination of trees, shrubs, fruits and hedges.
Whether a piece is available or not requires setting up waterscape, water method and so on.
(14) The ribbon-cutting moment when the tree-planting curtain is opened in the off-season is the moment when the media reports that the landscape is in a strong state. In order to create the best effect at this moment, the anti-season planting of big trees has become a new landscape, which has increased the cost and violated the growth habits of plants. Young trees need the support of growing period to become the mainstream garden products of greening projects. In that year, it is possible to harvest the best landscape effect.
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(16) The scenic spot means of dance beautification has brought the film and television scenery and dance beauty treatment to the garden, some of which are acceptable artistry, and injected some modern consciousness and original ecological ideas into the garden. But if it is always a thatched cottage, a broken wall, a cold window tile kiln and a fishing net well platform, we will lose to the film and television industry and the garden.
(17) The natural wetland of urban wetland park should be a protected urban wetland first, and be made into a park for sightseeing. It is only an example that a small park should be built, and it is allowed to borrow the park for development. It is also necessary to follow the wind and build an artificial wetland park in the opposite direction. The small eye area can be too large.
For more than 20 years, the development of urban landscape architecture in China is unprecedented in both speed and quantity, and the situation is getting better every year. A new generation of landscape architects have grown up, and their design fields and ideas have been greatly broadened. Garden is a synthesis of social, natural and artistic functions, which not only meets the social functions of the city such as ecology, environmental protection, leisure and decoration, but also conforms to the natural law of plant characteristics. At the same time, it is necessary to embody the creative concept in art and highlight the personality pursued by designers, which requires designers to have comprehensive cultivation, a high foothold, a broad vision and an all-round grasp ability. Garden is pure art, and any simple or extreme pursuit of one of its functions may be a small and complete garden creation thinking, which is also split in the face of the rapid development of science and technology and the explosion of information. With the ideas of ecology, tradition and postmodernism and the criticism of pushing the city too hard, I swaggered onto the planning and design stage, showing the equal dialogue and tolerance of the planning and design platform. But what's wrong with the small tube? The main body of the garden should be based on the green space higher than nature. pr is humanized and natural. "Designers have the responsibility to give people a good moon with a fresh environment" to treat modern urban diseases related to blood coagulation and motor vehicles. In the garden, the water in charge is far from shade, vegetation and flowers, and even mountains and rivers and water bodies are trees and flowers. There is also Xiao Tong's design idea of creating an ever-changing image, which is quite similar to the eternal themes of literature such as love and death. There are trees and flowers, and Xiao Tong's design ideas create an ever-changing image. In contrast, secularization and fashion are passers-by who come and go in a hurry.
Facing the reality of landscape planning and design, the author has some fragmentary ideas, which are put forward for your discussion:
1) Advocating "thinking and methods to solve problems" and "thinking before writing" is the first priority of creation. Grasp the clear and accurate conception, determine the planning and design framework, put the project into the whole city or regional environment, position its nature, function and form according to the present situation, and put forward the methods and means to solve the problem. In short, we should implement a comprehensive and realistic creative line.
2) Sufficient green, beautiful composition, excellent construction, moderate cultural taste, showing concern for people and finding a unique innovative perspective. Perhaps these are new ideas that keep pace with the times in landscape design, too non-philosophical, too stylized, and fall into the stereotype of experts, leaders or owners. There is a gap between the masses. Walking out of this gap, there is a blue sky in front.
3) Fan Fu is impetuous and blind, opposing commercial speculation and cultural hype, abandoning mystification and playing with deep concepts, avoiding copying after a little digestion, avoiding repeating various design misunderstandings listed in this article, advocating simplicity, opposing excessive carving and whitewashing, and setting propositions in all scenic spots.
4) After the case is confirmed, the details determine the success or failure, and the garden is especially clever. It is often necessary to convey through details that gardens are a forced art. "When accepting the tastes and comments of tourists at any time, we must stand the scrutiny of the scenic spot, but the details should be expressed." These skills are very important for designers and builders.
5) Be cautious about garden buildings, buildings, structures, sculptures and other hardware, which are often important in parks and green spaces. However, it is undeniable that buildings are sometimes in the main scene, spot scene and theme position in the park green space. The key point of park viewing is that the landscape should attach great importance to the image, volume and scale of garden buildings and structures. The ideological and cultural forms it conveys are often more difficult to design successful garden buildings than low-level architectural aesthetics such as excessive novelty, publicity and grandstanding in large-scale architectural design, and it is more desirable to have depth and taste.
6) Paying attention to the subtraction design of the original green space, highlighting the big tree landscape in the garden has been put on the agenda, especially deleting plants (sometimes including too many buildings and structures) to ensure the morphological beauty and individual beauty of the plant landscape, which is also a necessary means to improve the artistic quality of green space and the scientific and reasonable plant community.
7) Strengthen the theoretical construction of the discipline of landscape architecture, build a platform for contending planning and design theories, advocate a fair dialogue of various academic viewpoints, establish a theoretical team, support and guide this major with a higher theoretical level, and revitalize China's elegant demeanor and position in the world landscape architecture discipline.
8) Facing the shortage of water resources, new gardens should have water-saving consciousness, determine the water surface and water quantity according to the overall environment of urban water use, and encourage and advocate water-collecting gardens.
It is the responsibility of all walks of life, including landscape architects, to adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development and create an ecological garden city with harmony between man and nature. We must strengthen our own construction, improve our self-cultivation and meet new challenges.
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