The main oil and gas-rich areas are Zagros piedmont fold belt and Persian Gulf basin, and the main oil and gas fields are Avash, Mullen, Gachisalan, Agajari, Bibi Hakimah and Paris.
60% of Iran's natural gas is non-associated gas, and most of it is undeveloped. The super-large natural gas field is South pars gas field with a reserve of 7.92 trillion ~ 14. 15 trillion cubic meters, and North pars gas field with a reserve of 7 trillion cubic meters.
In recent years, new discoveries have been made in Iranian oil and gas exploration. 1999, the production of Changuleh-2 well drilled by Moc in Zagros was 5,000 ~ 6,000 barrels per day, and that of Nir Kabir-l well drilled by MOC in this basin was 4,000 ~ 5,000 barrels per day. 200 1, the Tunb-2 well drilled by Iranian National Oil Company on the continental shelf of the Upper Arabian Basin obtained a daily oil production of 5,000 barrels; pars 0 1 1 &； The SPO- 1 well drilled by natural gas company in Qata:Arch sea basin produces 3,500 barrels of oil per day; In 2004, China Petrochemical Shengli Oilfield Company obtained a new oil field with a daily oil production of 4,000 barrels in the Aran- 1 well drilled in the Qom Basin of Iran, which was the first new discovery obtained by the company when it entered the Iranian oil market. In May 2005, Iran announced the discovery of a large Lamine oil field in Khuzestan, with industrial reserve reaching 855 million barrels. In 2006, Iran made a major natural gas discovery, which is one of the major natural gas discoveries in the world in recent years. The natural gas reserves are 1 trillion cubic meters, and the daily output is 877,300 cubic meters.
Iran was the first country to find oil in the Middle East. British INBOR Oil Company first discovered oil in Iran in 1908. 1950, Iran's oil reserves reached17810 million tons, and its oil output reached 32.26 million tons. 195 1 year, Iran announced the nationalization of oil and established a national oil company. Due to the strangulation and blockade of the "international consortium" composed of American, British, French and Dutch companies, Iran's oil output fell to1360,000 tons in 1952, and the Iranian government was forced to sign an agreement with the international consortium, authorizing the international consortium to reach an agreement of 250,000 square kilometers southwest. Offshore drilling began in 1960s, and significant progress was made in exploration and development in 1970s. The oil output of 1974 reached the highest level in history of 305,438+0 million tons. 1978 The Islamic Revolution and the subsequent Iran-Iraq War dealt a heavy blow to Iran's oil industry, and its oil output dropped sharply. 1980, the oil output was only 65.75 million tons. 1988 after the Iran-Iraq war, Iran carried out post-war reconstruction, resumed and expanded oil production. 1990 oil production was 654.38+628 million tons, in 2000 it was 654.38+894 million tons, and in 2006 it was 209.8 million tons.
60% of Iran's oil production comes from old oil fields. At present, Iran National Oil Company is committed to increasing the output of these mature large oil fields, and is currently implementing enhanced oil recovery technology in Mullen and Kalangi oil fields. At present, the daily output of Iranian oil is 3.8 million barrels, which will increase to 5 million barrels in 20 10 and 8 million barrels in 20 15. OPEC's production quota for Iran is 465,438+065,438+00,000 barrels per day. At present, there are 40 large oil and gas fields being produced in Iran, of which 27 are located on land and 13 are located at sea. See table 33- 1 for the main oil and gas fields.
Table 33- 1 Major Oil and Gas Fields in Iran
Iran's natural gas industry developed late. Before 1960' s, most natural gas was burned in an open air. After the mid-1960s, the government began to pay attention to the development and utilization of natural gas resources. Especially in the early 1990s, major natural gas discoveries were made in the south of the South Caspian Sea, south of Iran, southwest and offshore areas, which accelerated the recovery and development of Iran's natural gas industry, greatly increased its reserves and output, and accelerated the development of non-associated natural gas resources. In 2006, Iran's natural gas output was 654.38+005 billion cubic meters, ranking fourth in the world after Russia, the United States and Canada.
Iranian natural gas processing plants include Kangan-Nar, Aghar-Dalan, Ahwaz, Ma Run -4, Bid Boland and Asaleh. In March 2004, the Iranian government signed a contract with a consortium composed of two foreign companies and two domestic companies, and invested 654.38+0.2 billion US dollars to collect and treat the associated gas in Noz, Soroush, Hendijan and Behregansa oil fields. Previously, most of these associated gases were discharged or re-injected.
According to the statistics of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum, the annual sales revenue of South pars gas field, the largest offshore gas field under development, can reach 1 1 billion USD, which can last for 30 years. The gas field was discovered in 1988, which can be extended to the waters of Qatar. South pars gas field development is the largest energy project in Iran, which has attracted investment of 654.38+0.5 billion US dollars. However, due to technical, contractual and political problems, the development of the gas field was delayed and it was divided into 28 subprojects. The daily output of condensate oil in this gas field is 200,000 barrels, and the daily output is 500,000 barrels in 2065.438+05, and it is expected to be 2065.438+05. In 2006, the 1-5 project was put into production with a daily output of 9 1 100 million cubic meters. In 2007, five more projects were put into production with a total daily output of 283 million cubic meters. The natural gas in South pars gas field is mainly used for reinjection to improve oil recovery, and also for domestic consumption and export.
In addition, Iran's long-term natural gas development plan also includes the development of non-associated gas in North pars gas field and Salman oil field (the sea area is adjacent to the United Arab Emirates, which calls it Abu Kush oil field), Jilei oil field with a reserve of 22.6 billion cubic meters in Bushehr province, Homa oil field with a reserve of1/kloc-0.32 billion cubic meters in southern FARS province, and Tnak gas field with a reserve of 396.2 billion cubic meters in 2003.
After the Iran-Iraq war, Iran's oil and gas consumption increased rapidly, accounting for 44.4% of oil and gas and 52% of natural gas. In 2006, the domestic oil consumption was 79.3 million tons, and the natural gas consumption was 105 100 million cubic meters (Table 33-2 and Figure 33-2).
Table 33-2 Changes in Iran's Oil and Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption
Figure 33-2 1980-2006 Iranian Oil Production and Consumption
Oil and gas export revenue accounts for about all of Iran's export revenue. In 2005, the daily oil export volume was 2.5 million barrels, mainly exported to Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan Province Province of China, accounting for 47% of Iranian exports, followed by Italy, France, the Netherlands and Turkey in Europe. In 2006, Iran's oil export revenue was US$ 46.9 billion, making it the second largest oil exporter of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.