What are the contents of enterprise innovation management?
1) Concept innovation
Management concept, also known as management concept, refers to the synthesis of perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge of management determined by realistic conditions under the control of certain philosophical thoughts of managers or management organizations. A certain management concept is bound to be influenced by politics, economy and culture of a certain society, which is the orientation and value principle of enterprise strategic objectives, and at the same time, the management concept is bound to be reflected in various management activities. Since 1980s, many excellent enterprises and experts in developed countries have put forward many new management ideas and concepts. Such as knowledge appreciation, knowledge management, global economic integration, strategic management and continuous learning. There are some problems in the management concept of enterprises in China, such as unclear management objectives, improper management concept and lack of innovative spirit of the times. We should adapt to the needs of modern society as soon as possible, combine our own conditions and build our own unique management concept.
2) Organizational innovation
The normal operation of enterprise system needs not only an operation system that conforms to the characteristics, ratio and environment of the enterprise, but also a suitable operation carrier, that is, a reasonable organization form. Therefore, the innovation of enterprise system inevitably requires the change and development of organizational form. From the perspective of organization theory, enterprise system is a combination of different positions and positions held by different members. This combination can be examined from two different levels: structure and mechanism. The so-called organization refers to the merger of positions or positions similar or closely related to the realization of unified goals according to certain standards when an enterprise constructs an organization to form different management departments. It involves the horizontal division of labor in management, that is, dividing the management activities of enterprise production and operation into tasks of different departments. Structure is related to the relationship between management departments, especially with different levels of management departments, mainly involving the vertical division of labor in management, that is, the so-called centralization and decentralization. Different institutional settings require different structural forms; The organizations are exactly the same, but the relationship between them is different, which will also form different structural forms. Because the establishment and structure of the organization are influenced by the content, characteristics, scale and environment of enterprise activities, different warehouses and industries have different organizational forms, and the same enterprise in different periods needs to constantly adjust its organization and structure with the changes of business activities. The day of organizational innovation lies in improving the efficiency of labor management more reasonably through the efforts of organizational managers.
3) Institutional innovation
Institutional innovation needs to analyze the adjustment and change of formal relations among members in enterprise system from the perspective of social economy. System is the main principle of warehouse operation. Enterprise system mainly includes property right system, operation system and management system. Property right system is the fundamental system that determines other systems of enterprises, which stipulates the rights, interests and responsibilities of the owners of the most important factors of production to enterprises. In different periods, the relative importance of various factors of production in enterprises is different. In the analysis of mainstream economics, the means of production is the primary factor of enterprise production, so the property right system mainly refers to the ownership of enterprise means of production. At present, there are two kinds of independent ownership of the means of production-private ownership and public ownership (or more accurately, members of society have ownership of all * * *), which is not pure in practice. Private ownership is increasingly infiltrating into "* * * ownership", while public ownership, which is troubled by "efficiency problems", has more or less joined "individual ownership" (such as various forms of "shareholding system" currently being tried out in China).
4) Technological innovation
Technological innovation is the main content of management innovation, and a large number of innovation activities in enterprises are related to technology, so technological innovation is even regarded as synonymous with enterprise management innovation. One of the main characteristics of modern enterprises is the extensive use of advanced science and technology in the production process. Technical level is an important symbol reflecting the business strength of an enterprise. If enterprises want to take the initiative in the fierce market competition, they must constantly carry out technological innovation. Because certain technology is embodied by certain material carriers and methods of using these carriers, technological innovation is mainly manifested in three aspects: factor innovation, factor combination method innovation and product innovation.
5) product innovation
Products are the most important output of enterprises and the contribution of organizations to society. Product innovation includes product variety and structure innovation. Variety innovation requires enterprise Jiye to adjust the production direction and structure in time according to the change of market demand and the shift of consumer preference, and constantly develop products that users like; Structural innovation is to improve the existing product structure without changing the basic performance of the original variety, so that its production cost is lower, its performance is more perfect, its use is safer and it is more competitive in the market.
6) Environmental innovation
Environment is the soil for business operation, and it also restricts business operation. Environmental innovation does not mean that an enterprise adjusts its internal structure or activities to adapt to external changes, but refers to transforming the environment through its active innovation activities and guiding the environment to change in a direction conducive to enterprise management. For example, through the public relations activities of enterprises, it affects the formulation of community and government policies; Through the technological innovation of enterprises, the direction of social technological progress is influenced.
7) Cultural innovation
The development of modern management to the stage of cultural management can be said to be the pinnacle. Corporate culture greatly improves management efficiency through the high unity of employee values and corporate values and the establishment of unique management systems and behavioral norms of enterprises. Innovation is not only an important pillar of modern corporate culture, but also an important part of social culture. If cultural innovation has become the fundamental feature of corporate culture, then the innovative values can be recognized by all employees of the enterprise, the code of conduct can be established and improved, and the innovative dynamic mechanism of the enterprise can operate efficiently.
In order to effectively carry out management innovation, we must also create the following basic conditions:
1. Innovative subjects (entrepreneurs, managers and employees) should have a good mental model.
This is the key to realize management innovation. Mental model refers to the basic fixed way of thinking and understanding and behavior habits formed by past experiences, habits, knowledge literacy and values. The mental model of the innovative subject: first, foresight; Second, it has good cultural quality and values.
2. The subject of innovation should have a strong ability structure.
The subject of management innovation must have certain ability to complete management innovation, and the subject of innovation management should have: core ability, necessary ability and efficiency improvement ability. Core competence is characterized by innovation ability; The necessary abilities include the ability to transform innovation into practical operation scheme and the ability to engage in daily management; Efficiency is the ability to control, coordinate and accelerate progress.
3. Enterprises should have good basic management conditions.
Basic management in modern enterprises mainly refers to the general and most basic management work, such as basic data, technical files, statistical records, information collection and archiving, work rules, post responsibility standards, and the application of Maituo training system. Management innovation is often possible on the basis of good basic management, because good basic management can provide a lot of necessary and accurate information, data and rules, which in itself is conducive to the smooth progress of management innovation.
4. Enterprises should create a good atmosphere of management innovation.
The innovative subject can have innovative consciousness and effectively exert innovative ability, which is related to having a good innovative atmosphere. In a good working atmosphere, people's thoughts are active and new ideas are produced quickly, while a bad atmosphere may lead to rigid thoughts, blocked thoughts and blank minds.
5, management innovation should be combined with the characteristics of enterprises.
The reason why modern enterprises should carry out management innovation is to integrate enterprise resources more effectively and complete enterprise goals and tasks. Therefore, such innovation cannot be divorced from the characteristics of enterprises and countries. In the current international market, the strength of most China enterprises is weaker than that of western enterprises in the short term. If they are just right, they will fail. If they are as hard and soft as Tai Ji Chuan, this may be the best strategy for China enterprises to go global. Enterprises in China should give full play to the advantages and characteristics of Chinese management system and integrate emotion, reason and law.
6. Management innovation should have innovative goals.
The goal of management innovation is more difficult to determine than the general goal, because innovation activities and innovation goals are more uncertain. Although it is difficult to determine the innovation goal, if there is no suitable goal, it will waste the resources of the enterprise, which in itself is inconsistent with the purpose of management.
How to improve the innovation ability of enterprises
Innovation is not only reflected in product innovation, but also in management innovation, that is, innovation in strategic planning, system (management), business model and business process.
For enterprises, either innovation or death. So, how to innovate and how can enterprises improve their innovation ability? It is believed that the innovation ability of employees should be improved first, and the innovation ability of employees is the foundation of enterprise innovation ability. The second is to improve the technological innovation and management innovation ability of enterprises, with technological innovation as the core and management innovation as the support. In other words, the innovation ability of employees has improved, and the innovation ability of enterprises has also improved; Only by improving the technological innovation and management innovation ability of enterprises can enterprises realize innovation.
To improve the innovation ability of enterprises, the first thing is to improve people's innovation ability. To innovate, we must first have innovative consciousness and innovative thinking. Everyone has creative thinking, but because people are different in age, experience, status, culture, knowledge and education, creative thinking can not be applied at any time, so everyone's creativity is different. To improve employees' innovative ability, enterprises need to create a good environment and atmosphere and give full play to employees' creativity.
Enterprises should create a relaxed working environment for employees, maintain moderate work pressure, and let employees work happily and nervously to give full play to their creativity. Enterprises should guide employees to work creatively and constantly train employees in innovative methods, because people's innovative ability is not innate and can be improved through learning and training, such as learning technological innovation methods (TRIZ theory). With a good way to solve the problem, we can avoid detours and improve our innovation ability.
Enterprise employees should have a positive attitude, the spirit of "nothing is difficult in the world, nothing is impossible to a willing mind", a strong thirst for knowledge and curiosity, and a rich imagination. In addition, employees should be enterprising, responsible and have a high sense of mission. Only in this way can employees have a strong sense of hardship, can they "worry about the world first", overcome themselves, constantly seek new breakthroughs, and constantly exert their creativity.
Everyone has innovative thinking and creative inspiration, but people's creativity does not always appear. Once you have creative inspiration, no matter what you are doing, you should record it. Over time, new ideas and new methods will appear. This is innovation. Innovation needs communication. For example, when solving technical problems, you have methods and I have methods to exchange with each other. On the basis of these two methods, there will be a third or more ways to exert creativity. Innovation needs cooperation, and innovation certainly needs individual behavior. But in today's high-tech era, it is even more necessary to give full play to team advantages and collective advantages, so that innovative thinking and creativity can be sublimated in cooperation and innovation ability can be improved. Innovation requires rich knowledge, and knowledge is directly proportional to innovative thinking and creativity; Innovation requires learning and constant updating of knowledge. Through learning knowledge, innovative thinking and creativity, innovative ability will be improved. To learn rich knowledge, enterprise training alone is not enough, but also self-study. We should get in touch with the outside world, broaden our horizons, learn advanced technologies at home and abroad, and sum up the experience and lessons of our predecessors, so as to complete the innovation in a short time.